Group intervention for widowed survivors of suicide
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of two group interventions, the Bereavement Group Postvention (BGP) and the Social Group Postvention (SGP), on the bereavement outcomes in widowed survivors of suicide. The goals were to determine if the group interventions would significantly decrease levels of depression, psychological distress, and grief, as well as significantly increase the level of social adjustment among widowed survivors of suicide. Sixty widowed survivors of suicide were randomized to either the BGP or SGP intervention for 1-1/2 hour weekly sessions over an 8-week period. Study participants were recruited through various media and community referrals and initiated telephone contact with the study investigators. Statistically significant changes were found on all measures when the SGP and the BGP were combined for analyses on posttreatment assessments at 3 to 5 days after completion of the group intervention, and 6 months and 12 months after the intervention. Participants experienced a significant reduction in overall depression, psychological distress, and grief, as well as an increase in social adjustment. Further research with tighter controls of confounding variables as well as the inclusion of a no-treatment control group is indicated.
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The number of controlled studies regarding the effectiveness of suicide survivor support groups is limited.
“However, the number of controlled studies regarding the effectiveness of suicide survivor support groups is limited [27,28,29,30]”
From Essential Questions on Suicide Bereavement and Postvention (2011) · cites this paper as [29]
Effects did not differ in a larger replication study.
“although effects did not differ in a larger replication study (Constantino et al., 2001).”
From Suicide Postvention Service Models and Guidelines 2014–2019: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as Constantino et al., 2001
Six studies included an active control group or a treatment-as-usual control condition.
“Six studies included an active control group [33–35, 37, 40] or a treatment-as-usual control condition [41, 42].”
Six studies tested the effectiveness of a group intervention, including a group/school-based intervention.
“Six studies tested the effectiveness of a group intervention [33–36, 39], including a group/school-based intervention [43].”
Eight of the 11 studies were conducted in the USA.
“Eight studies were conducted in the USA [33–40].”
A repetition of the study with a larger sample did not find any difference between the two groups.
“However, a repetition of the study with a larger sample did not find any difference between the two groups [35].”
A study comparing professionally led group psychotherapy and a social group program for widows bereaved through suicide found that grief symptoms reduced in the therapy group, although a repetition of the study with a larger sample failed to replicate this effect.
“A study comparing effects of a professionally led group psychotherapy and a social group program for widows bereaved through suicide [34, 35] found that grief symptoms reduced in the therapy group [34], although a repetition of the study with a larger sample failed to replicate this effect [35].”
A common factor in the effective studies comparing different interventions is the finding that grief-specific interventions may yield stronger effects on grief outcomes compared to interventions targeting other outcomes, though other studies failed to find such an effect.
“A common factor in the effective studies comparing different interventions (involving an active control group) is the finding that grief-specific interventions may yield stronger effects on grief outcomes compared to interventions targeting other outcomes [34, 37], though other studies failed to find such an effect [35].”
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- Authors
- Constantino, R. E., Sekula, L. K., & Rubinstein, E. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Duquesne University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Constantino, Rose E.
- ORCID
- Constantino, Rose E.
- Venue
- Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 428-441
- ISSN
- 0363-0234 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-278X
- OpenAlex
- W2135146198
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01nr002108-02)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01 NR02108-01A2)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- suicide bereavement, group intervention, depression, psychological distress, grief, social adaptation, bereavement outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Bereavement, Crisis Intervention, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Group, Social Adjustment, Stress, Psychological, Suicide, Widowhood
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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