Modulation of neuronal responses by exogenous attention in macaque primary visual cortex
Open accessAbstract
Visual perception is influenced by attention deployed voluntarily or triggered involuntarily by salient stimuli. Modulation of visual cortical processing by voluntary or endogenous attention has been extensively studied, but much less is known about how involuntary or exogenous attention affects responses of visual cortical neurons. Using implanted microelectrode arrays, we examined the effects of exogenous attention on neuronal responses in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake monkeys. A bright annular cue was flashed either around the receptive fields of recorded neurons or in the opposite visual field to capture attention. A subsequent grating stimulus probed the cue-induced effects. In a fixation task, when the cue-to-probe stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was <240 ms, the cue induced a transient increase of neuronal responses to the probe at the cued location during 40–100 ms after the onset of neuronal responses to the probe. This facilitation diminished and disappeared after repeated presentations of the same cue but recurred for a new cue of a different color. In another task to detect the probe, relative shortening of monkey's reaction times for the validly cued probe depended on the SOA in a way similar to the cue-induced V1 facilitation, and the behavioral and physiological cueing effects remained after repeated practice. Flashing two cues simultaneously in the two opposite visual fields weakened or diminished both the physiological and behavioral cueing effects. Our findings indicate that exogenous attention significantly modulates V1 responses and that the modulation strength depends on both novelty and task relevance of the stimulus. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Visual attention can be involuntarily captured by a sudden appearance of a conspicuous object, allowing rapid reactions to unexpected events of significance. The current study discovered a correlate of this effect in monkey primary visual cortex. An abrupt, salient, flash enhanced neuronal responses, and shortened the animal's reaction time, to a subsequent visual probe stimulus at the same location. However, the enhancement of the neural responses diminished after repeated exposures to this flash if the animal was not required to react to the probe. Moreover, a second, simultaneous, flash at another location weakened the neuronal and behavioral effects of the first one. These findings revealed, beyond the observations reported so far, the effects of exogenous attention in the brain.
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Salient stimuli preferentially activate neurons in the visual system (V1, V4).
“Although it is clear that salient stimuli preferentially activate neurons in the visual system (e.g. V1: [32]; V4: [33]), the basis of those effects remains unclear.”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Wang, F., Chen, M., Yan, Y., Zhaoping, L., & Li, W.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-09-30
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 13419-13429
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6605478
- OpenAlex
- W2174807913
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 62
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- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Gatsby Charitable Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (111 Project, 31125014, 91432102, 2014CB846101)
- Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (B07008, 2014CB846101)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- bottom-up attention, primary visual cortex, involuntary attention, salient stimuli, cueing, reaction time, stimulus novelty, task relevance, macaque
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention, Cues, Fixation, Ocular, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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