Cited by 313Nerve injury and regenerationProteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans researchAxon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling

Leukocyte common antigen-related phosphatase is a functional receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan axon growth inhibitors

Open access
Fisher, Daniel, Xing, Bin, Dill, John, Li, Hui, Hoang, Hai Hiep, Zhao, Zhenze, Yang, Xiao-Li, Bachoo, Robert +5 more·2011·The Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a family of extracellular matrix molecules with various functions in regulating tissue morphogenesis, cell division, and axon guidance. A number of CSPGs are highly upregulated by reactive glial scar tissues after injuries and form a strong barrier for axonal regeneration in the adult vertebrate CNS. Although CSPGs may negatively regulate axonal growth via binding and altering activity of other growth-regulating factors, the molecular mechanisms by which CSPGs restrict axonal elongation are not well understood. Here, we identified a novel receptor mechanism whereby CSPGs inhibit axonal growth via interactions with neuronal transmembrane leukocyte common antigen-related phosphatase (LAR). CSPGs bind LAR with high affinity in transfected COS-7 cells and coimmunoprecipitate with LAR expressed in various tissues including the brain and spinal cord. CSPG stimulation enhances activity of LAR phosphatase in vitro. Deletion of LAR in knock-out mice or blockade of LAR with sequence-selective peptides significantly overcomes neurite growth restrictions of CSPGs in neuronal cultures. Intracellularly, CSPG–LAR interaction mediates axonal growth inhibition of neurons partially via inactivating Akt and activating RhoA signals. Systemic treatments with LAR-targeting peptides in mice with thoracic spinal cord transection injuries induce significant axon growth of descending serotonergic fibers in the vicinity of the lesion and beyond in the caudal spinal cord and promote locomotor functional recovery. Identification of LAR as a novel CSPG functional receptor provides a therapeutic basis for enhancing axonal regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injuries in adult mammals.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.1737-11.2011

Cites

77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Fisher, D., Xing, B., Dill, J., Li, H., Hoang, H. H., Zhao, Z., Yang, X.-L., Bachoo, R., Cannon, S., Longo, F. M., Sheng, M., Silver, J., & Li, S.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Published
2011-10-05
Volume
31
Issue
40
Pages
14051-14066
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W2086085796
Cited by
312
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 17
FWCI
11.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
  • Morton Cure Paralysis Fund
  • Paralyzed Veterans of America
  • National Institutes of Health (NS025713)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R37NS025713, NS025713, R01NS025713, R21NS066114)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
Keywords
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, axon growth inhibition, neurite outgrowth, glial scar, spinal cord transection, axon regeneration, Akt signaling, RhoA signaling, locomotor recovery, central nervous system injury
MeSH terms
Animals, Axons, Cells, Cultured, Chlorocebus aethiops, Female, Growth Inhibitors, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mutant Strains, Protein Binding, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Mice, Knockout, COS Cells, Mice, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review