Cited by 116Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans researchNerve injury and regenerationSpinal Cord Injury Research

A ‘GAG’ reflex prevents repair of the damaged CNS

Sherman, Larry S., Back, Stephen A.·2008·Trends in Neurosciences

Abstract

The extracellular matrix of the central nervous system (CNS) serves as both a supporting structure for cells and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. A large proportion of this matrix is composed of proteoglycans--proteins with long chains of polysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), covalently attached. Although many of the activities of proteoglycans depend on their core proteins, GAGs themselves can influence cell signaling. Here we review accumulating evidence that two GAGs, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, play essential roles during nervous system development but also accumulate in chronic CNS lesions and inhibit axonal regeneration and remyelination, making them significant hindrances to CNS repair. We propose that the balance between the synthesis and degradation of these molecules dictates, in part, how regeneration and recovery from CNS damage occurs.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.001

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101 of 101 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Chondroitin sulfate side chains are a type of GAG polysaccharide consisting of disaccharide blocks of N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid.

    “These chondroitin sulfate side chains are a type of GAG polysaccharide consisting of disaccharide blocks of N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid (Sherman and Back, 2007).”

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Authors
Sherman, L. S., & Back, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
  • Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Venue
Trends in Neurosciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-01
Volume
31
Issue
1
Pages
44-52
ISSN
0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2027830942
Cited by
116
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
0.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS056234, NS056234, R01NS054044, NS054044)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
Keywords
glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, extracellular matrix, central nervous system repair, axon regeneration, remyelination, central nervous system injury, brain development
MeSH terms
Animals, Central Nervous System, Chondroitin, Extracellular Matrix, Glycosaminoglycans, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid, Neurons

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