The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 29 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex
Open accessAbstract
Inhibitory interneurons represent 10–15% of the neurons in the somatosensory cortex, and their activity powerfully shapes sensory processing. Three major groups of GABAergic interneurons have been defined according to developmental, molecular, morphological, electrophysiological, and synaptic features. Dendritic-targeting somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) have been shown to display diverse morphological, electrophysiological, and molecular properties and activity patterns in vivo. However, the correlation between these properties and SST-IN subtype is unclear. In this study, we aimed to correlate the morphological diversity of layer 5 (L5) SST-INs with their electrophysiological and molecular diversity in mice of either sex. Our morphological analysis demonstrated the existence of three subtypes of L5 SST-INs with distinct electrophysiological properties: T-shaped Martinotti cells innervate L1, and are low-threshold spiking; fanning-out Martinotti cells innervate L2/3 and the lower half of L1, and show adapting firing patterns; non-Martinotti cells innervate L4, and show a quasi-fast spiking firing pattern. We estimated the proportion of each subtype in L5 and found that T-shaped Martinotti, fanning-out Martinotti, and Non-Martinotti cells represent ∼10, ∼50, and ∼40% of L5 SST-INs, respectively. Last, we examined the connectivity between the three SST-IN subtypes and L5 pyramidal cells (PCs). We found that L5 T-shaped Martinotti cells inhibit the L1 apical tuft of nearby PCs; L5 fanning-out Martinotti cells also inhibit nearby PCs but they target the dendrite mainly in L2/3. On the other hand, non-Martinotti cells inhibit the dendrites of L4 neurons while avoiding L5 PCs. Our data suggest that morphologically distinct SST-INs gate different excitatory inputs in the barrel cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Morphologically diverse layer 5 SST-INs show different patterns of activity in behaving animals. However, little is known about the abundance and connectivity of each morphological type and the correlation between morphological subtype and spiking properties. We demonstrate a correlation between the morphological and electrophysiological diversity of layer 5 SST-INs. Based on these findings we built a classifier to infer the abundance of each morphological subtype. Last, using paired recordings combined with morphological analysis, we investigated the connectivity of each morphological subtype. Our data suggest that, by targeting different cell types and cellular compartments, morphologically diverse SST-INs might gate different excitatory inputs in the mouse barrel cortex.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Layer 5 somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) in mouse barrel cortex comprise three morphologically distinct subtypes—T-shaped Martinotti, fanning-out Martinotti, and non-Martinotti—with correlated firing patterns and different postsynaptic targets. These subtypes are estimated to make up roughly 10%, 50%, and 40% of L5 SST-INs, respectively, and they connect to distinct dendritic compartments or cell types.
Key findings
- Morphology correlated with firing pattern: T-shaped Martinotti cells target L1 (50 ± 3% of ascending axonal length and 56 ± 4% of nodes in L1) and show low-threshold spiking with rebound spiking in 7 of 8 cells; fanning-out Martinotti cells target L2/3 (65.8 ± 6% of ascending axon and 71 ± 8% of nodes) and show adapting firing; non-Martinotti cells target L4 (87.6 ± 4% of ascending axon and 92 ± 3% of nodes) and show stuttering in all 8 cells, with fast biphasic AHP in 7 of 8.
- A linear discriminant classifier estimated that in the SST-cre line, fanning-out Martinotti cells represent 50.8% of L5 SST-INs, T-shaped Martinotti cells 13.8%, and non-Martinotti cells 35.4% (abstract rounds these to ~10%, ~50%, and ~40%). The SST/CR line was enriched for fanning-out Martinotti cells (88.9%), while the SST/Calb line was enriched for T-shaped Martinotti cells (61.5%).
- Both Martinotti subtypes innervated L5 pyramidal cells with similar probabilities (fanning-out: 53.6%, 9 of 16; T-shaped: 40%, 4 of 10), but their apical dendritic contact distributions differed significantly (p = 0.033): fanning-out synapses were mainly in L2/3, 150–300 µm below the pia, whereas T-shaped contacts showed a bimodal distribution with a peak in L4 (~450 µm below pia) and a second peak in L1/L2-3 border.
- Non-Martinotti cells did not connect to L5 pyramidal cells (0 of 13) but showed high connection probability with L4 spiny stellate cells (83.3%, 5 of 6), with putative contacts located on dendrites.
Methods
- Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute barrel cortex slices from P20–P40 mice of either sex, using SST-cre, SST/CR, and SST/Calb transgenic lines; biocytin filling followed by confocal reconstruction.
- Reconstructed 30 SST-INs and analyzed 11 electrophysiological parameters in 29 morphologically identified cells; used principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and a linear discriminant classifier to classify 76 additional neurons.
- Performed dual and triple paired recordings (39 pairs) between L5 SST-INs and nearby L5 pyramidal cells or L4 spiny stellate cells, combined with morphological analysis of putative synaptic contacts.
Limitations
- Stated: slicing artifacts can affect reconstructions, so the authors applied quality criteria and unsupervised clustering; current molecular markers are insufficient, as SST/CR labels only part of the fanning-out population and SST/Calb labels a heterogeneous population.
- Evident: sample sizes are small for some subtypes (30 reconstructed cells, 29 electrophysiologically analyzed, 39 paired recordings), and the classifier was trained on 20 of 29 cells and made two errors in a 21-cell control group.
- Evident: all data come from in vitro slices, so connectivity and firing properties may not fully reflect in vivo activity or circuit behavior.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
60 Own result · 17 Not checked yet · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Own method · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that intersectional genetics can be used to obtain mouse lines where the expression of fluorescent proteins in specific morphological types is enriched.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Significance Statement
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found very little (2.2%) overlap of CR and Calb in the SST-cre line specially in deep layers”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In both intersectional lines the majority of tdTomatoexpressing cells coexpressed either CR or Calb”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“T-shaped Martinotti, fanning-out Martinotti, and Non-Martinotti cells represent ϳ10, ϳ50, and ϳ40% of L5 SST-INs, respectively.”
- Also stated in: § Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons · plain
“fanning-out Martinotti cells represent 50.8% of labeled cells in L5, T-Shaped cells represent 13.8% of labeled cells, and non-Martinotti represent 35.4% of labeled cells”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ascending axon of each morphological group exhibited a specific layer distribution of relative axonal length and proportion of axonal nodes”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“fanning-out Martinotti cells innervate L2/3 and the lower half of L1, and show adapting firing patterns”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“non-Martinotti cells innervate L4, and show a quasi-fast spiking firing pattern”
- Also stated in: § Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons · plain
“Non-Martinotti cells are characterized by their specific innervation of L4.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportion of tdTomato-expressing cells in L5b (ϳ67% of SST-INs) was larger than in L5a (ϳ44% of SST-INs”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“T-shaped Martinotti cells innervate L1, and are low-threshold spiking”
- Also stated in: § Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons · plain
“7 of 8 T-shaped cells showed rebound spiking and a LTS firing pattern”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“T-shaped Martinotti, fanning-out Martinotti, and Non-Martinotti cells represent ϳ10, ϳ50, and ϳ40% of L5 SST-INs, respectively.”
- Also stated in: § Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons · plain
“fanning-out Martinotti cells represent 50.8% of labeled cells in L5, T-Shaped cells represent 13.8% of labeled cells, and non-Martinotti represent 35.4% of labeled cells”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons · plain
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the SST/CR intersectional mouse line ϳ47% of SST-INs in L2/3, 14% of SST-INs in L5a, and 4% of SST-INs in L5b express tdTomato”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“non-Martinotti cells inhibit the dendrites of L4 neurons while avoiding L5 PCs”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We morphologically reconstructed and analyzed a total of 30 neurons: 19 in the SST-cre, 5 in the SST/CR, and 6 in the SST/ Calb mouse lines.”
- Also stated in: § Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons · plain
“8 Non-Martinotti, 13 fanning-out Martinotti, and 9 T-shaped Martinotti cells”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“L5 fanning-out Martinotti cells also inhibit nearby PCs but they target the dendrite mainly in L2/3”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SST/CR mouse line targets mainly fanning-out Martinotti cells, that represented 88.9% of labeled cells, whereas none of the cells was classified as T-shaped Martinotti, and non-Martinotti cells 11.1% of labeled cells”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“showing a high IR, a low AP threshold , and a high adaptation index”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Within the Martinotti group, fanning-out Martinotti cells showed an adapting type of firing pattern reminiscent of the GIN SST-INs, and T-shaped Martinotti cells showed an LTS firing pattern similar to that observed in some X98 cells (Ma et al., 2006).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ma et al., 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cells belonging to this morphological group had 87.6 Ϯ 4% of their ascending axon, and 92 Ϯ 3% of their axonal nodes in L4”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“T-shaped Martinotti cells specifically target L1, where they have 50 Ϯ 3% of their ascending axonal length, and 56 Ϯ 4% of their ascending axonal nodes”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover the first three principal components, accounting for 93% of the variance, are mostly represented by features of the ascending axon.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fanning-out Martinotti cells are characterized by targeting mainly L2/3, where these cells have 65.8 Ϯ 6% of their ascending axon, and 71 Ϯ 8% of their nodes.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Morphological diversity of L5 SST interneurons
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Non-Martinotti cells showed several features of the quasi-fast spiking phenotype such as a lower IR, a shorter AHP duration , and a higher F max compared with Martinotti cells”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SST/Calb mouse line showed some enrichment for T-shaped Martinotti neurons that represented 61.5% of labeled cells (compared with 13.1% in the SST-Cre line), whereas fanning-out Martinotti cells represented 30.8% of labeled cells, and non-Martinotti cells represented only 7.7% of labeled cells.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the control group the classifier correctly identified all the non-Martinotti cells (n ϭ 10), 7 of 8 fanning-out Martinotti cells, and 2 of 3 T-shaped cells.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that the SST/CR line is highly enriched in fanning-out Martinotti cells, while the SST/Calb line is enriched in T-shaped Martinotti cells.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The linear discriminant classifier built from firing properties accurately infers the morphological class of L5 SST-INs.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here we show that L5 non-Martinotti cells specifically target L4 neurons and avoid L5 pyramidal cells.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected from their axonal distribution, T-shaped Martinotti form synapses onto tufts in L1, whereas fanning-out Martinotti target the apical dendrites in L2/3 (Figs. 4, 7).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Putative synaptic contacts identified morphologically correspond to functional synapses.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, neither calretinin nor calbindin are optimal molecular markers for fanning-out and T-shaped Martinotti respectively.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“SST-INs provide frequency-dependent feedback inhibition to pyramidal cells in supragranular and infragranular layers (Kapfer et al., 2007;Silberberg and Markram, 2007).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kapfer et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Silberberg and Markram, 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the neocortical L5, computational and experimental work has shown that Martinotti cells can synchronize pyramidal cells through distal inhibition (Li et al., 2013;Hilscher et al., 2017).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Li et al., 2013
- Not checked yetcites Hilscher et al., 2017
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This form of inhibition is thought to underlie surround inhibition, and gammaband synchronization in L2/3 of the visual cortex (Adesnik et al., 2012;Veit et al., 2017).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Adesnik et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Veit et al., 2017
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Long-range projecting nNos-expressing SST-INs have been described in L6 as well (He et al., 2016).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites He et al., 2016
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“On the other hand, L4 SST-INs have been shown to be quasi-fast spiking L4 targeting non-Martinotti cells (Ma et al., 2006;Xu et al., 2013;Mun ˜oz et al., 2017).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ma et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Xu et al., 2013
- Not checked yetcites Muñoz et al., 2017
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, L5 non-Martinotti tend to show a higher input resistance and seem to be less stuttering (Ma et al., 2006).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ma et al., 2006
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is likely that one or both types of Martinotti cells are also present in this layer (Ma et al., 2006;Mun ˜oz et al., 2017).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ma et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Muñoz et al., 2017
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actions of different SST-INs subtypes are likely to have important computational roles in sensory perception during different behavioral states.”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Using the X94 mouse line it was shown that L5 non-Martinotti cells receive thalamic input from the ventral posteromedial nucleus and that this input can shift thalamic feedforward inhibition from perisomatic to dendritic (Tan et al., 2008;Hu and Agmon, 2016).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tan et al., 2008
- Not checked yetcites Hu and Agmon, 2016
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed L4 non-Martinotti cells have been suggested to disinhibit L4 excitatory cells by primarily targeting L4 parvalbumin interneurons (Xu et al., 2013).”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of SST-INs subtypes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Xu et al., 2013
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The correlation between morphological, electrophysiological, and molecular properties and SST-IN subtype is unclear.
“However, the correlation between these properties and SST-IN subtype is unclear.”
“However, the relationship between the morphological and electrophysiological diversity remains poorly understood.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known about the specific postsynaptic partners of different morphological subtypes of L5 SST-INs.
“However, little is known about the specific postsynaptic partners of different morphological subtypes of L5 SST-INs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The output connectivity of non-Martinotti cells has not been studied.
“Moreover, the output connectivity of non-Martinotti cells has not been studied.”
The paper relies on this without support.
It is unknown whether both types of Martinotti cells are connected to L5 PCs and participate in feedback inhibition.
“but it is unknown whether both types of Martinotti cells are connected to L5 PCs and participate in this type of inhibition”
The paper relies on this without support.
The linear discriminant classifier built from firing properties accurately infers the morphological class of L5 SST-INs.
“We used the firing properties of morphologically identified cells to build a linear discriminant classifier to infer the proportion of cells belonging to each morphological class in L5.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Putative synaptic contacts identified morphologically correspond to functional synapses.
“We also quantified the putative synaptic contacts in connected pairs.”
“All the putative contact points between non-Martinotti cells and L4 spiny stellate cells were located on dendrites (Fig. 8C,G).”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Martinotti cells are particularly abundant in layer 5, but they are also common in layers 2 and 3. These cells represent approximately 60% of the SST+ neurons in these layers”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Nigro et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“SST+ non-Martinotti cells are found throughout layers 2 to 6 and characteristically lack axons in layer 1. They exhibit lower resting membrane potential and higher firing frequency than Martinotti cells but lower than PV+ basket cells”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Nigro et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“We also showed that three previously described morphological types of L5 Pvalb cells5, as well as two morphological types of L5 Martinotti cells29,30, corresponded to different t-types.”
From Phenotypic variation of transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“We observed the same in the Sst subclass, which is known to be transcriptomically4 and morpho-electrically29,30,33 diverse in L5. Here we also found that morpho-electric properties varied continuously across the transcriptomic landscape, with neighbouring t-types consistently showing similar morphologies and similar rebound values (Fig. 4b).”
From Phenotypic variation of transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Recent evidence also suggests that different morphological phenotypes correspond to differential synaptic connectivity profiles (Nigro et al., 2018; Naka et al., 2019; Scala et al., 2019).”
From Integrated Morphoelectric and Transcriptomic Classification of Cortical GABAergic Cells (2020) · cites this paper as Nigro et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Previous literature suggested that Martinotti cells in L5 form two groups with different morphology and/or electrophysiology29,42, but we did not observe such heterogeneity in L4: in particular, none of the MCs showed a rebound firing after stimulation offset42.”
From Layer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Morphologically, all non-fast-spiking SOM+ cells in V1 L529,47 and the majority of SOM+ cells in S1 L522,29,42,47 are known to be MCs.”
From Layer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“We thus screened sub-types of mPFC interneurons expressing somatostatin (SST)12 and parvalbumin11, and found that a subclass of deep-layer SST-expressing low-threshold spiking (LTS) interneurons showed increased excitability in adult jSI mice compared with GH mice (Extended Data Fig. 8).”
From A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons
“fanning-out Martinotti cells represent 50.8% of labeled cells in L5, T-Shaped cells represent 13.8% of labeled cells, and non-Martinotti represent 35.4% of labeled cells”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Diversity of cortical SST-INs
“Specifically, 49.2% were classified as fanning-out and 13.1% were classified as T-shaped.Moreover we found that a substantial proportion (37.7%) of L5 SST-INs was classified as non-Martinotti cells.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“fanningout to pyramidal: 53.6%, 9 of 16”
§ Systems/Circuits Diversity and Connectivity of Layer 5 Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Mouse Barrel Cortex > Connectivity of morphological SST groups
Reported 53.6 · recomputed 56.25
Citations
Cites
GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
Tremblay, R., Lee, S., & Rudy, B. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033 · Cited by 2,033
Self-citationGABAergic cell subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frontal cortex
Kawaguchi, Y. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.6.476 · Cited by 1,416 · cited 1×
“Electrophysiological properties of morphologically identified SST interneurons Layer 5 SST-INs have been previously shown to have heterogeneous spiking properties in slice recordings (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997; Wang et al., 2004; Ma et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe subcellular organization of neocortical excitatory connections
Petreanu, L., Mao, T., Sternson, S. M., & Svoboda, K. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07709 · Cited by 1,047 · cited 1×
“A wide morphological diversity has been described in other GABAergic interneuron groups, such as VIP-INs (bipolar and multipolar) and PV-INs (basket, chandelier, translaminar; DeFelipe et al., 1989; Buchanan et al., 2012; Bortone et al., 2014; Prönneke et al., 2015; He et al., 2016).”
BackgroundDisynaptic Inhibition between Neocortical Pyramidal Cells Mediated by Martinotti Cells
Silberberg, G., & Markram, H. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.012 · Cited by 768 · cited 1×
“Using the X94 mouse line it was shown that L5 non-Martinotti cells receive thalamic input from the ventral posteromedial nucleus and that this input can shift thalamic feedforward inhibition from perisomatic to dendritic (Tan et al., 2008; Hu and Agmon, 2016).”
MethodA neural circuit for spatial summation in visual cortex
Adesnik, H., Bruns, W., Taniguchi, H., Huang, Z. J., & Scanziani, M. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11526 · Cited by 702 · cited 1×
“This form of inhibition is thought to underlie surround inhibition, and gammaband synchronization in L2/3 of the visual cortex (Adesnik et al., 2012; Veit et al., 2017).”
BackgroundElectrophysiological, transcriptomic and morphologic profiling of single neurons using Patch-seq
Cadwell, C. R., Palasantza, A., Jiang, X., Berens, P., Deng, Q., Yilmaz, M., Reimer, J., Shen, S., Bethge, M., Tolias, K. F., et al. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3445 · Cited by 581 · cited 1×
“An interesting approach might be to exploit the combination of patch-clamp recordings with single cell sequencing techniques to obtain more specific molecular markers in morphologically and/or electrophysiologically identified cells (Cadwell et al., 2016; Fuzik et al., 2016).”
BackgroundTargeting cells with single vectors using multiple-feature Boolean logic
Fenno, L. E., Mattis, J., Ramakrishnan, C., Hyun, M., Lee, S. Y., He, M., Tucciarone, J., Selimbeyoglu, A., Berndt, A., Grosenick, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2996 · Cited by 557
Wang, Y., Toledo‐Rodriguez, M., Gupta, A., Wu, C., Silberberg, G., Luo, J., & Markram, H. (2004) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073353 · Cited by 491 · cited 6×
“Indeed L2/3 SST-INs show adapting firing patterns resembling that of L5 fanning-out Martinotti (Halabisky et al., 2006; Ma et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialTermination of afferent axons in macaque striate cortex
Blasdel, G. G., & Lund, J. S. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-07-01389.1983 · Cited by 452 · cited 1×
“Axonal nodes represent branching points and have been previously used as a measure of axonal targeting (Blasdel and Lund, 1983; Florence and Casagrande, 1987; Freund et al., 1989; Lee et al., 2005; Yamada et al., 2010).”
MethodDistinct Subtypes of Somatostatin-Containing Neocortical Interneurons Revealed in Transgenic Mice
Ma, Y., Hu, H., Berrebi, A. S., Mathers, P. H., & Agmon, A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0661-06.2006 · Cited by 432 · cited 21×
“(2017) in vivo and were able to correlate morphological subtypes to the diverse firing patterns observed in the SST-INs population (Ma et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Martinotti, 1889, Contributo allo studio della corteccia cerebrale, ed all'origine centrale dei nervi, Ann Freniatr Sci Affini, 1, 14
- Ramon y Cajal, 1891, Sur la structure de l'ecorce cerebrale de quelques mammiferes, Cellule, 7, 3
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons
Lim, L., Mi, D., Llorca, A., & Marín, O. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.009 · Cited by 714
“Consistently, MGE/POA progenitor cells take on properties of the LGE and CGE in mice lacking Nkx2-1 (Butt et al., 2008; Sussel et al., 1999).”
InfluentialIntegrated Morphoelectric and Transcriptomic Classification of Cortical GABAergic Cells
Gouwens, N. W., Sorensen, S. A., Baftizadeh, F., Budzillo, A., Lee, B. R., Jarsky, T., Alfiler, L., Baker, K., Barkan, E., Berry, K., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.057 · Cited by 538
“described L2/3 Martinotti and L5/6 fanning-out Martinotti cells (Nigro et al., 2018; Munõz et al., 2017).”
Phenotypic variation of transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex
Scala, F., Kobak, D., Bernabucci, M., Bernaerts, Y., Cadwell, C. R., Castro, J. R., Hartmanis, L., Jiang, X., Laturnus, S., Miranda, E., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2907-3 · Cited by 398
Burst-dependent synaptic plasticity can coordinate learning in hierarchical circuits
Payeur, A., Guerguiev, J., Zenke, F., Richards, B. A., & Naud, R. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00857-x · Cited by 299
“We modeled somatostatin-positive interneurons [46, 71, 92] using the adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire (AdEx) model [68]:”
MethodLayer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas
Scala, F., Kobak, D., Shan, S., Bernaerts, Y., Laturnus, S., Cadwell, C. R., Hartmanis, L., Froudarakis, E., Castro, J. R., Tan, Z. H., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12058-z · Cited by 193
Neuronal circuits in barrel cortex for whisker sensory perception
Staiger, J. F., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2019 · Cited by 165
Single-cell transcriptomic evidence for dense intracortical neuropeptide networks
Smith, S. J., Sümbül, U., Graybuck, L. T., Collman, F., Seshamani, S., Gala, R., Gliko, O., Elabbady, L., Miller, J. A., Bakken, T. E., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.47889 · Cited by 156
Yamamuro, K., Bicks, L. K., Leventhal, M. B., Kato, D., Im, S., Flanigan, M. E., Garkun, Y., Norman, K. J., Caro, K., Sadahiro, M., et al. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0695-6 · Cited by 169
Cortical Somatostatin Interneuron Subtypes Form Cell-Type Specific Circuits
Wu, S. J., Sevier, E., Dwivedi, D., Saldi, G.-A., Hairston, A., Yu, S. Q., Abbott, L., Choi, D. H., Sherer, M., Qiu, Y., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.032 · Cited by 139
Self-citationComplementary networks of cortical somatostatin interneurons enforce layer specific control
Naka, A., Veit, J., Shababo, B., Chance, R. K., Risso, D., Stafford, D., Snyder, B., Egladyous, A., Chu, D., Sridharan, S., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.43696 · Cited by 117
Diversity and Function of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Cerebral Cortex
Riedemann, T. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20122952 · Cited by 103
“In layer 2/3 and in layers 5 and 6, pyramidal neurons represent the preferred postsynaptic target of SOM+ INs [59,75,76,127,128].”
BackgroundNaskar, S., Qi, J., Pereira, F., Gerfen, C. R., & Lee, S. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108774 · Cited by 76
“SST INs are diverse not only in their molecular and genetic profiles but also in their axonal morphology and intrinsic electrophysiological properties (Jiang et al., 2015; Ma et al., 2006; Muñoz et al., 2017; Naka et al., 2019; Nigro et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2013).”
Cortical disinhibitory circuits: cell types, connectivity and function
Kullander, K., & Topolnik, L. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.04.009 · Cited by 86
Genetic mosaicism in the human brain: from lineage tracing to neuropsychiatric disorders
Bizzotto, S., & Walsh, C. A. (2022) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00572-x · Cited by 87
Hage, T. A., Bosma-Moody, A., Baker, C. A., Kratz, M. B., Campagnola, L., Jarsky, T., Zeng, H., & Murphy, G. J. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71103 · Cited by 88
“How, if at all, does the pattern of vertical inhibitory input to L2/3 PCs resemble that of vertical excitatory input to the same cells? The diverse axonal projection patterns of interneurons and reports of translaminar synaptic inhibition (Kapfer et al., 2007; Silberberg and Markram, 2007; Nigro et al., 2018; Gouwens…”
BackgroundRen, C., Peng, K., Yang, R., Liu, W., Liu, C., & Komiyama, T. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.031 · Cited by 79
Head Movements Control the Activity of Primary Visual Cortex in a Luminance-Dependent Manner
Bouvier, G., Senzai, Y., & Scanziani, M. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.004 · Cited by 64
Nguyen, R., Venkatesan, S., Binko, M. A., Bang, J. Y., Cajanding, J. D., Briggs, C., Sargin, D., Imayoshi, I., Lambe, E. K., & Kim, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1919-19.2020 · Cited by 72
“The interneurons targeted include the lowthreshold spiking and Regular spiking subgroups, broadly consistent with the somatostatin (SST) and VIP subclasses (Ma et al., 2006; Prönneke et al., 2015; Batista-Brito et al., 2017; Nigro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundCell-type-specific inhibitory circuitry from a connectomic census of mouse visual cortexPreprint
Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Bodor, Á. L., Brittain, D., Buchanan, J., Bumbarger, D. J., Elabbady, L., Gamlin, C. R., Kapner, D., Kinn, S., Mahalingam, G., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525290 · Cited by 70
Mechanisms underlying the response of mouse cortical networks to optogenetic manipulation
Mahrach, A., Chen, G., Li, N., van Vreeswijk, C., & Hansel, D. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.49967 · Cited by 68
“PCs in layer 2/3 project to layer 5 and receive feedback from the latter ( Hooks et al., 2013 ; Naka and Adesnik, 2016 ).”
BackgroundJoffe, M. E., Maksymetz, J., Luchsinger, J. R., Dogra, S., Ferranti, A. S., Luessen, D. J., Gallinger, I. M., Xiang, Z., Branthwaite, H. E., Melugin, P. R., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.027 · Cited by 72
“One of the major types of SST-IN is the Martinotti cell, which can be functionally characterized by low-threshold spiking activity as well as cellular anatomy, morphology, and function (Nigro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundParallel social information processing circuits are differentially impacted in autism
Lewis, E. M., Stein-O’Brien, G. L., Patino, A. V., Nardou, R., Grossman, C. D., Brown, M., Bangamwabo, B., Ndiaye, N., Giovinazzo, D., Dardani, I., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.002 · Cited by 72
Exciting Complexity: The Role of Motor Circuit Elements in ALS Pathophysiology
Gunes, Z. I., Kan, V. W. Y., Ye, X., & Liebscher, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00573 · Cited by 74
The Organization and Development of Cortical Interneuron Presynaptic Circuits is Area Specific
Pouchelon, G., Dwivedi, D., Bollmann, Y., Agba, C. K., Xu, Q., Mirow, A. M., Kim, S., Qiu, Y., Sevier, E., Ritola, K., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109993 · Cited by 57
“40% of non-Mar-tinotti cells in S1 (Nigro et al., 2018).”
The covariance environment defines cellular niches for spatial inference
Haviv, D., Remšík, J., Gatie, M. I., Snopkowski, C., Takizawa, M., Pereira, N., Bashkin, J., Jovanovich, S. B., Nawy, T., Chaligné, R., et al. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-024-02193-4 · Cited by 72
Joffe, M. E., Winder, D. G., & Conn, P. J. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108126 · Cited by 53
Malik, R., Pai, E. L.-L., Rubin, A. N., Stafford, A. M., Angara, K., Minasi, P., Rubenstein, J. L. R., Sohal, V. S., & Vogt, D. L. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12962-4 · Cited by 55
Cone, J. J., Scantlen, M. D., Histed, M. H., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0337-18.2019 · Cited by 48
“, 2017) and diverse electrophysiological and morphologic properties within a cortical layer (Nigro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInterneuron development and dysfunction
Yang, J., Yang, X. W., & Tang, K. (2021) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15872 · Cited by 54
Layer 6b controls brain state via apical dendrites and the higher-order thalamocortical system
Zolnik, T. A., Bronec, A., Ross, A., Staab, M., Sachdev, R. N. S., Molnár, Z., Eickholt, B. J., & Larkum, M. E. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.021 · Cited by 57
Inhibition in the auditory cortex
Studer, F., & Barkat, T. R. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.021 · Cited by 56
“One study found increased spontaneous and sound-evoked activity of L1 inhibitory neurons during movement, which potentially explains the decreased activity observed in L2/3 excitatory neurons (Zhou et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialCell-type-specific propagation of visual flicker
Schneider, M., Τζάνου, Α., Uran, C., & Vinck, M. A. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112492 · Cited by 61
Huang, A. Y., Li, P., Rodin, R. E., Kim, S. N., Dou, Y., Kenny, C. J., Akula, S. K., Hodge, R. D., Bakken, T. E., Miller, J. A., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2006163117 · Cited by 50
“Previous studies cataloging interneurons in mouse and human have suggested that MGE-derived inhibitory neuron subtypes (SST+ and PVALB+) are enriched in infragranular cortical layers, while CGE-derived interneuron subtypes (LAMP5/PAX6+, VIP+) tend to occupy upper cortical layers preferentially (5, 42, 43), and thus ou…”
BackgroundAn enhancer-AAV toolbox to target and manipulate distinct interneuron subtypes
Furlanis, E., Dai, M., Garcia, B. L., Tran, T. K., Vergara, J., Pereira, A., Gorissen, B. L., Wills, S., Vlachos, A., Hairston, A., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.05.002 · Cited by 68
Somatostatin and Somatostatin-Containing Interneurons—From Plasticity to Pathology
Liguz‐Lecznar, M., Dobrzański, G., & Kossut, M. M. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12020312 · Cited by 46
“L5 non-Martinotti interneurons account for approximately one-third of all L5 SOM-INs and regulate the activity of the excitatory cells of L4, but not of L5 [54].”
BackgroundPhenotypic variation within and across transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex
(2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.929158 · Cited by 397
“Sst Myh8_1, Sst Etv1, and Sst Pvalb Etv1 showed ‘T-shaped’ Martinotti morphologies (Muñoz et al., 2017; Nigro et al., 2018) and strong rebound firing.”
BackgroundInfluentialSomatostatin-Positive Interneurons Contribute to Seizures in SCN8A Epileptic Encephalopathy
Wengert, E. R., Miralles, R. M., Wedgwood, K. C. A., Wagley, P. K., Strohm, S. M., Panchal, P. S., Idrissi, A. M., Wenker, I. C., Thompson, J. A., Gaykema, R. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0718-21.2021 · Cited by 48
Origin, Development, and Synaptogenesis of Cortical Interneurons
Llorca, A., & Deogracias, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.929469 · Cited by 46
(2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932244 · Cited by 537
“As mentioned, this met-type reflects the well-described Martinotti-type neurons, and includes cells that resemble the recently described L2/3 Martinotti and L5/6 fanning-out Martinotti cells (Muñ oz et al., 2017; Nigro et al., 2018).”
MethodFisher, J., Verhagen, M. G., Long, Z., Moissidis, M., Yan, Y., He, C., Wang, J., Micoli, E., Alastruey, C. M., Moors, R., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.013 · Cited by 38
“…transcriptional profile in the developmental dataset aligns well with Sst-MET-6, which corresponds to deep-layer alpha-2 T-shaped MCs, 23 MC3 matches several subtypes of fanning-out MCs (Sst-MET-3, Sst-MET-4, and Sst-MET-5) that occupy different layers in the adult cortex 24,25 (Figures 3A and 3B).”
Regulation of Recurrent Inhibition by Asynchronous Glutamate Release in Neocortex
Deng, S., Li, J., He, Q., Zhang, X., Zhu, J., Li, L., Mi, Z., Yang, X., Jiang, M., Dong, Q., et al. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.038 · Cited by 38
Almási, Z., Dávid, C., Witte, M., & Staiger, J. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00045 · Cited by 38
Yang, J., Serrano, P., Yin, X., Sun, X., Lin, Y., & Chen, S. X. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.018 · Cited by 38
Stimulus novelty uncovers coding diversity in survey of visual cortexPreprint
Garrett, M., Groblewski, P. A., Piet, A. T., Ollerenshaw, D. R., Najafi, F., Yavorska, I., Amster, A., Bennett, C., Buice, M. A., Caldejon, S., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.14.528085 · Cited by 32
Guthman, E. M., Garcia, J. D., Ma, M., Chu, P., Baca, S. M., Smith, K. R., Restrepo, D., & Huntsman, M. M. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.50601 · Cited by 35
“Further, in piriform and neocortex, FS Sst+ INs show clear biophysical and circuit connectivity differences from other Sst+ IN subtypes (Large et al., 2016; Ma et al., 2006; Naka et al., 2019; Nigro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe hippocampus associated GABAergic neural network impairment in early-stage of Alzheimer's disease
Tang, Y., Yan, Y., Mao, J., Ni, J., & Qing, H. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101865 · Cited by 34
Genetically Defined Subtypes of Somatostatin-Containing Cortical Interneurons
Hostetler, R. E., Hu, H., & Agmon, A. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0204-23.2023 · Cited by 31
“We therefore resorted to an intersectional strategy (He et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2017; Nigro et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2022), but chose the following novel approach: we crossed each of the four Cre line with the Sst-Flp line and the combinatorial RC::FLTG reporter (Plummer et al.”
InfluentialMultimodal cortical neuronal cell type classification
Mao, X., & Staiger, J. F. (2024) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-024-02923-2 · Cited by 36
“Layer 2/3 VIP cells possess axonal arborizations that extend downward to the layer 6/white matter boundary [22], with Vip-Rspo1-Itga4 displaying regular spiking and Vip-Ptprt-Pkp2 (mostly associated with Chat + cells) displaying irregular spiking [9, 10].”
BackgroundTranslaminar recurrence from layer 5 suppresses superficial cortical layers
Onodera, K., & Kato, H. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30349-w · Cited by 26
Adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting changes in cortical microcircuits in mice
Sicher, A. R., Starnes, W. D., Griffith, K. R., Dao, N. C., Smith, G. C., Brockway, D. F., & Crowley, N. A. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109561 · Cited by 27
Connectomic reconstruction of a cortical columnPreprint
Sievers, M., Motta, A., Schmidt, M., Yener, Y., Loomba, S., Song, K., Bruett, J., & Helmstaedter, M. N. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586254 · Cited by 32
A postnatal molecular switch drives activity-dependent maturation of parvalbumin interneurons
Moissidis, M., Abbasova, L., Selten, M. M., Alis, R., Bernard, C., Domínguez-Canterla, Y., Oozeer, F., Qin, S., Kelly, A., Mòdol, L., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.029 · Cited by 38
Wang, H., Flores, R. J., Yarur, H. E., Limoges, A., Bravo-Rivera, H., Casello, S. M., Loomba, N., Enríquez-Traba, J., Arenivar, M. A., Wang, Q., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.015 · Cited by 25
Distinct roles of PV and Sst interneurons in visually induced gamma oscillations
Onorato, I., Τζάνου, Α., Schneider, M., Uran, C., Broggini, A. C., & Vinck, M. A. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115385 · Cited by 37
Li, M., Cabrera-García, D., Salling, M. C., Au, E., Yang, G., & Harrison, N. L. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108501 · Cited by 25
Targeting prefrontal cortex GABAergic microcircuits for the treatment of alcohol use disorder
Fish, K. N., & Joffe, M. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2022.936911 · Cited by 20
“Most SST-INs are lowthreshold spiking cells, characterized by high input resistance, depolarized resting potential, low rheobase, and occasional firing upon hyperpolarization rebound (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997, 1998; Marlin and Carter, 2014; McGarry and Carter, 2016; Tremblay et al., 2016; Nigro et al., 2018; Joffe e…”
BackgroundConnectomics of predicted Sst transcriptomic types in mouse visual cortex
Gamlin, C. R., Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Mallory, M., Elabbady, L., Gouwens, N. W., Williams, G., Mukora, A., Dalley, R. A., Bodor, Á. L., Brittain, D., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08805-6 · Cited by 32
“Previous functional studies have also shown that MCs can connect broadly in a ‘blanket of inhibition’ 25–27 or inhibit a subset of excitatory neuron targets within and across cortical layers 28–32 .”
InfluentialJuxtacellular opto-tagging of hippocampal CA1 neurons in freely moving mice
Ding, L., Balsamo, G., Chen, H., Blanco-Hernández, E., Zouridis, I. S., Naumann, R. K., Preston‐Ferrer, P., & Burgalossi, A. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71720 · Cited by 20
Neocortical somatostatin neuron diversity in cognition and learning
Park, E., Mosso, M. B., & Barth, A. L. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2024.12.004 · Cited by 24
“Experiments resolving SST subtypes have demonstrated differences in intrinsic properties [28], laminar location [30,31], and target speci fi city [25,32] between subsets of Martinotti neurons, highlighting the advantage of this approach for understanding SST function.”
Regulatory Elements Inserted into AAVs Confer Preferential Activity in Cortical Interneurons
Rubin, A. N., Malik, R., Cho, K. K. A., Lim, K. J., Lindtner, S., Schwartz, S. E. R., Vogt, D. L., Sohal, V. S., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0211-20.2020 · Cited by 19
“Second, the Cre-driver lines are not able to distinguish between additional subclasses within the PV, SST, and VIP CIN subtypes, which have distinct physiological properties and molecular markers (Nigro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSamaran, J., Gabriel Peyré, A., & Cantini, L. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51382-x · Cited by 22
“Furthermore, Somatostatin-expressing neurons (Sst), which are known to be morphologically diverse 82 , seem to be organized according to their layer of origin, with layer 2/3, layer 5, and layer 6 moving from left to right in the last UMAP plot of Fig.”
Zhou, X., Mansori, I., Fischer, T., Witte, M., & Staiger, J. F. (2020) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24756 · Cited by 18
“In layer V, GIN cells are mainly represented by fanning-out Martinotti cells, which innervate most extensively layer II/III, and to a lesser extent layer I (Ma et al., 2006; Nigro et al., 2018).”
BackgroundLimoni, G., Murthy, S. S., Jabaudon, D., Dayer, A. G., & Niquille, M. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108644 · Cited by 21
Synaptic zinc potentiates AMPA receptor function in mouse auditory cortex
Bender, P. T. R., McCollum, M., Boyd-Pratt, H., Mendelson, B. Z., & Anderson, C. T. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112932 · Cited by 18
Hwang, Y.-S., Maclachlan, C., Blanc, J., Dubois, A., Petersen, C. C. H., Knott, G. W., & Lee, S. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa378 · Cited by 18
“In the mouse somatosensory cortex, SST+ neurons show various physiological features that can be used to further classify the sub-classes of SST+ neurons (Munoz et al. 2017; Nigro et al. 2018).”
BackgroundTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation and Neocortical Neurons: The Micro-Macro Connection
Tian, D., & Izumi, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.866245 · Cited by 18
Hernáth, F., Schlett, K., & Szűcs, A. L. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49197-8 · Cited by 16
Inhibitory and disinhibitory VIP IN-mediated circuits in neocortexPreprint
Dellal, S. S., Zurita, H., Kruglikov, I., Valero, M., Abad-Perez, P., Geron, E., Meng, J. H., Prönneke, A., Hanson, J. L., Mir, E., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.26.640383 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCortical Hyperexcitability in the Driver’s Seat in ALS
Gunes, Z. I., Kan, V. W. Y., Jiang, S., Logunov, E., Ye, X., & Liebscher, S. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.3390/ctn6010005 · Cited by 18
“Activity levels and information processing in M1 is regulated by a diverse set of local and remote inhibitory neurons, which constitute ~20% of the cortical neuronal population [92,93].”
BackgroundOpioid modulation of prefrontal cortex cells and circuits
Cole, R. H., Moussawi, K., & Joffe, M. E. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109891 · Cited by 16
Cattaneo, S., Ripamonti, M., Bedogni, F., Sessa, A., & Taverna, S. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/566984 · Cited by 14
“…described in cortical and hippocampal SST-INs (Oliva et al., 2000; Taverna et al., 2005; Ma et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2006; Yekhlef et al., 2015; Nigro et al., 2018), and distinct from those of other major cell types such as spiny projection neurons (SPNs, (Taverna et al., 2008; Kreitzer,…”
BackgroundThe synaptic architecture of layer 5 thick tufted excitatory neurons in mouse visual cortex
Bodor, A. L., Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Zhang, C., Elabbady, L., Mallen, A., Bergeson, A., Brittain, D., Buchanan, J., Bumbarger, D. J., Dalley, R. A., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-02004-2 · Cited by 29
Hilscher, M. M., Mikulovic, S., Perry, S. E., Lundberg, S., & Kullander, K. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106895 · Cited by 15
“…cells with “ T-shaped ” morphology (prominent innervation of layer 1) was suppressed during whisking whereas the spiking activity of layer 5 Martinotti cells with “ fanning-out ” morphology (prominent innervation of layer 2/3, with less ascending axon reaching layer 1) was increased [140,141].”
Agmon, A., & Barth, A. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2024.1436915 · Cited by 13
Transcriptomic cell-type specificity of local cortical circuits
Patiño, M., Rossa, M., Lagos, W. N., Patne, N. S., & Callaway, E. M. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.09.003 · Cited by 19
Wu, S. J., Dai, M., Yang, S.-P., McCann, C., Qiu, Y., Kumar, V., Marrero, G. J., Tsyporin, J., Huang, S., Shin, D., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.20.604399 · Cited by 17
László, Z. I., Bercsényi, K., Mayer, M., Lefkovics, K., Szabó, G., Katona, I., & Lele, Z. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz168 · Cited by 13
Transcriptional maintenance of cortical somatostatin interneuron subtype identity during migration
Munguba, H., Nikouei, K., Hochgerner, H., Oberst, P., Kouznetsova, A., Ryge, J., Muñoz‐Manchado, A. B., Close, J., Batista‐Brito, R., Linnarsson, S., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.018 · Cited by 20
Sensitization of Cutaneous Primary Afferents in Bone Cancer Revealed by In Vivo Calcium Imaging
de Clauser, L., Luiz, A. P., Santana‐Varela, S., Wood, J. N., & Sikandar, S. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12123491 · Cited by 12
“Where indicated, homozygous Pirt-GCaMP3 and Rosa-flox-stop tdTomato mice were crossed with homozygous Calb1-cre [69] or Tmem233-cre mice.”
BackgroundIbrahim, L. A., Wamsley, B., Alghamdi, N., Yusuf, N., Sevier, E., Hairston, A., Sherer, M., Jaglin, X. H., Xu, Q., Guo, L., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86842 · Cited by 14
Cell-type-specific enhancement of deviance detection by synaptic zinc in the mouse auditory cortex
McCollum, M., Manning, A., Bender, P. T. R., Mendelson, B. Z., & Anderson, C. T. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2405615121 · Cited by 11
“In addition, whereas the organizing principles of inhibitory circuits in superficial cortical layers are relatively well understood ( 83 – 93 ), the translaminar activation of layer 5 GABAergic interneurons during auditory processing is less well studied.”
Mapping of morpho-electric features to molecular identity of cortical inhibitory neurons
Roussel, Y., Verasztó, C., Rodarie, D., Damart, T., Reimann, M., Ramaswamy, S., Markram, H., & Keller, D. X. (2023) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010058 · Cited by 11
Gamlin, C. R., Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Mallory, M., Elabbady, L., Gouwens, N. W., Williams, G., Mukora, A., Dalley, R. A., Bodor, Á. L., Brittain, D., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533857 · Cited by 11
Genetic approaches to elucidating cortical and hippocampal GABAergic interneuron diversity
Machold, R. P., & Rudy, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1414955 · Cited by 12
“A number of recent studies have begun to illuminate the diversity of SST MC, non-MC, and OLM IN populations using intersectional genetic approaches (He et al., 2016; Nigro et al., 2018; Gouwens et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2023; Chamberland et al., 2024).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationFrequency-dependent gating of feedforward inhibition in thalamofrontal synapses
Lee, J., Choi, J. H., & Rah, J. (2020) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-020-00608-2 · Cited by 10
Park, E., Kuljis, D. A., Swindell, R. A., Ray, A., Zhu, M., Christian, J. A., & Barth, A. L. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115606 · Cited by 15
Bershteyn, M., Zhou, H., Fuentealba, L. C., Chen, C., Subramanyam, G., Cherkowsky, D., Sevilla, E. S., Hampel, P., Salvatierra, J., Sezan, M., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.010 · Cited by 14
Selective Inhibitory Circuit Dysfunction after Chronic Frontal Lobe Contusion
Nolan, A., Sohal, V. S., & Rosi, S. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0097-22.2022 · Cited by 11
Nogueira, I., Lima, T. Z., Malfatti, T., & Leão, K. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1152497 · Cited by 8
“A larger sample of Chrna2+ MCs may allow for further subdivision of membrane properties and cell morphology (Nigro et al., 2018) since the genetic profiles of Chrna2+ MCs show several possible subclassifications based on clustering of transcriptomic data (Allen brain Atlas, Transcriptomics Explorer).”
BackgroundFriendlyClearMap: an optimized toolkit for mouse brain mapping and analysis
Negwer, M., Bosch, B., Bormann, M., Hesen, R., Lütje, L., Aarts, L., Rossing, C., Kasri, N. N., & Schubert, D. (2022) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/giad035 · Cited by 5
Transcriptional maintenance of cortical somatostatin interneuron subtype identity during migrationPreprint
Munguba, H., Nikouei, K., Hochgerner, H., Oberst, P., Kouznetsova, A., Ryge, J., Batista‐Brito, R., Muñoz‐Manchado, A. B., Close, J., Linnarsson, S., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/593285 · Cited by 9
Huang, A. Y., Li, P., Rodin, R. E., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.19.046904 · Cited by 9
“suggested that MGE-derived inhibitory neuron subtypes (SST+ and PVALB+) are enriched in 320 infragranular cortical layers, while CGE-derived interneuron subtypes (LAMP5/PAX6+, VIP+) 321 tend to occupy upper cortical layers preferentially (5, 42, 43) and thus our mapping of PRDD-seq 322”
BackgroundDistinct roles of PV and Sst interneurons in visually-induced gamma oscillationsPreprint
Onorato, I., Τζάνου, Α., Schneider, M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.08.535291 · Cited by 9
“We found that the Sst interneurons included both Nw and Bw cells, consistent with previous reports (Mu˜noz et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2016; Nigro et al., 2018; Kvitsiani et al., 2013), (Fig.”
InfluentialPyramidal neurons proportionately alter cortical interneuron subtypes
Wu, S. J., Dai, M., Yang, S.-P., McCann, C., Qiu, Y., Kumar, V., Marrero, G. J., Tsyporin, J., Huang, S., Shin, D., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09996-8 · Cited by 26
Cell-Type–Specific Effects of Somatostatin on Synaptic Transmission in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Riedemann, T., & Sutor, B. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0598-23.2024 · Cited by 9
Cortical somatostatin interneuron subtypes form cell-type specific circuitsPreprint
Wu, S. J., Sevier, E., Saldi, G.-A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.510081 · Cited by 8
“8,10 Another SST subtype that resides in L5a is the SST-Etv1 subtype, which resembles a fanning-out Martinotti shape and can be partially targeted using an Etv1 CreER ;Sst FlpO intersectional strategy.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Nigro, M. J., Hashikawa-Yamasaki, Y., & Rudy, B.
- Affiliations
- Neuroscience Institute (IT)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2018-01-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1622-1633
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC5815450
- OpenAlex
- W2782653800
- Semantic Scholar
- f587144c9781b3912ec6840b8be4b2b7202ba19d
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns030989-22)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS107257, R01-NS030989, P01NS074972, R01NS110079, R21NS093987)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- layer 5, barrel cortex, Martinotti cells, dendritic inhibition, somatosensory cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dendrites, Female, Interneurons, Male, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Somatosensory Cortex, Somatostatin, Pyramidal Cells, Mice, Electrophysiological Phenomena, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
