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Sleep Spindle Activity is Associated with the Integration of New Memories and Existing Knowledge
Open accessAbstract
Sleep spindle activity has been associated with improvements in procedural and declarative memory. Here, for the first time, we looked at the role of spindles in the integration of newly learned information with existing knowledge, contrasting this with explicit recall of the new information. Two groups of participants learned novel spoken words (e.g., cathedruke) that overlapped phonologically with familiar words (e.g., cathedral). The sleep group was exposed to the novel words in the evening, followed by an initial test, a polysomnographically monitored night of sleep, and a second test in the morning. The wake group was exposed and initially tested in the morning and spent a retention interval of similar duration awake. Finally, both groups were tested a week later at the same circadian time to control for possible circadian effects. In the sleep group, participants recalled more words and recognized them faster after sleep, whereas in the wake group such changes were not observed until the final test 1 week later. Following acquisition of the novel words, recognition of the familiar words was slowed in both groups, but only after the retention interval, indicating that the novel words had been integrated into the mental lexicon following consolidation. Importantly, spindle activity was associated with overnight lexical integration in the sleep group, but not with gains in recall rate or recognition speed of the novel words themselves. Spindle activity appears to be particularly important for overnight integration of new memories with existing neocortical knowledge.
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“Second, sleep impacts students’ neurocognitive functions, including memory consolidation (Tamminen et al., 2010), attentional integration, and executive functions (Maquet, 2001), affecting their performance in complex tasks.”
From The Effect of Sleep Quality on Academic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study (2026) · cites this paper as Tamminen et al., 2010
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“Thus, in adults and children, sleep promoted the integration of newly learned spoken words into existing knowledge networks as measured by a lexical competition task (333, 334, 530; but see Ref. 735), with this effect being associated with increased spindle activity (1175).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1175]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tamminen, J., Payne, J. D., Stickgold, R., Wamsley, E. J., & Gaskell, M. G.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-10-27
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 43
- Pages
- 14356-14360
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2989532
- OpenAlex
- W1987662024
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 14.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH48,832)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/E015263/1, RES-063-27-0061)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32 HL 07901, T32HL007901)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-48832, R01MH048832)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- sleep spindles, memory consolidation, lexical integration, memory retrieval, polysomnography, mental lexicon, sleep-dependent memory
- MeSH terms
- Circadian Rhythm, Cues, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reading, Mental Recall, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Polysomnography, Knowledge, Neocortex, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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