The role of sleep spindles and slow-wave activity in integrating new information in semantic memory
Open accessAbstract
Assimilating new information into existing knowledge is a fundamental part of consolidating new memories and allowing them to guide behavior optimally and is vital for conceptual knowledge (semantic memory), which is accrued over many years. Sleep is important for memory consolidation, but its impact upon assimilation of new information into existing semantic knowledge has received minimal examination. Here, we examined the integration process by training human participants on novel words with meanings that fell into densely or sparsely populated areas of semantic memory in two separate sessions. Overnight sleep was polysomnographically monitored after each training session and recall was tested immediately after training, after a night of sleep, and 1 week later. Results showed that participants learned equal numbers of both word types, thus equating amount and difficulty of learning across the conditions. Measures of word recognition speed showed a disadvantage for novel words in dense semantic neighborhoods, presumably due to interference from many semantically related concepts, suggesting that the novel words had been successfully integrated into semantic memory. Most critically, semantic neighborhood density influenced sleep architecture, with participants exhibiting more sleep spindles and slow-wave activity after learning the sparse compared with the dense neighborhood words. These findings provide the first evidence that spindles and slow-wave activity mediate integration of new information into existing semantic networks.
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- Authors
- Tamminen, J., Lambon Ralph, M. A., & Lewis, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-09-25
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 15376-15381
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3782619
- OpenAlex
- W2058819676
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 7.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F003048/1)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/H030107/1, RES-062-23-, ES/H011730/1, 062-23-2268, PTA-026-27-2540, RES-062-23-2268)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- sleep spindles, slow-wave activity, semantic memory, memory consolidation, novel word learning, sleep architecture, semantic interference, word recognition speed, polysomnography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Mental Recall, Semantics, Sleep Stages, Brain Waves
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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