Cited by 5,162Cultural Identity and RepresentationSemiotics and Representation StudiesSocial Representations and Identity

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The Concept of Representation

Fenichel Pitkin, Hanna·1967·University of California Press eBooks

DOI 10.1525/9780520340503

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1525/9780520340503

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,009

Policy responsiveness to all citizens or only to voters? A longitudinal analysis of policy responsiveness in OECD countries
Dassonneville, R., Feitosa, F., Hooghe, M., & Oser, J. (2020) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12417 · Cited by 30
District Magnitude and the Personal Vote
André, A., & Depauw, S. (2014) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2014.05.001 · Cited by 30
Political Emotions: A Role for Feelings of Affinity in Citizens’ (Dis)Engagements with Electoral Politics?
Manning, N., & Holmes, M. (2013) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038513500103 · Cited by 35
Policy beyond politics? Public opinion, party politics and the French pro-nuclear energy policy
Brouard, S., & Guinaudeau, I. (2014) · Journal of Public Policy · doi:10.1017/s0143814x14000221 · Cited by 31
“Beyond normative principles (e.g. Schumpeter 1942; Pitkin 1967; Dahl 1971), representatives concerned with re-election may perceive incentives to respond in their policies to the preferences of the median voter (Downs 1957; see also the idea of “rational anticipation” developed by Stimson et al.…”
The internationalization of security sector gender reforms in post-conflict countries
Huber, L., & Karim, S. (2017) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894217696228 · Cited by 31
Star Search: Do Elections Help Nondemocratic Regimes Identify New Leaders?
Malesky, E. J., & Schuler, P. (2013) · Journal of East Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s1598240800008523 · Cited by 31
The Media and Their Use of Opinion Polls: Reflecting and Shaping Public Opinion
Strömbäck, J. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230374959_1 · Cited by 31
Electoral Participation
Topf, R. (1998) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0198294735.003.0002 · Cited by 74
Scientific Communication, Ethical Argument, and Public Policy
MacRae, D. E. (1971) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1955042 · Cited by 31
The Career Length and Service of Female Policymakers in the US House of Representatives
Praino, R., & Stockemer, D. (2016) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2016.37 · Cited by 30
Democracy and lottery: Revisited
Buchstein, H. (2019) · Constellations · doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12429 · Cited by 30
Gendering the GOP
Wineinger, C. N. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197556542.001.0001 · Cited by 31
The Politics of Constitution Making: Transforming Politics into Constitutions
Preuß, U. K. (1991) · Law & Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1991.tb00061.x · Cited by 30
Mutual transformation and the development of European policy spaces. The case of medicines licensing
Hauray, B., & Urfalino, P. (2009) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501760802662714 · Cited by 30
A Legislature or a Legislator Like Me? Citizen Demand for Collective and Dyadic Political Representation
Harden, J. J., & Clark, C. J. (2015) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x15594000 · Cited by 30
Retrospective ideological representation and its impact on democratic satisfaction
Ferland, B. (2016) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2016.1237517 · Cited by 32
Representing Non-Human Interests
Donoso, A. (2017) · Environmental Values · doi:10.3197/096327117x15002190708137 · Cited by 30
Second‐personal authority and the practice of democracy1
Ceva, E., & Ottonelli, V. (2021) · Constellations · doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12575 · Cited by 36
Republicanism and the Future of Democracy
White, S. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108630153 · Cited by 31
Poor Representation
Miler, K. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108562386 · Cited by 35
Electoral representation and the aristocratic thesis
Ferejohn, J., & Rosenbluth, F. M. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511813146.012 · Cited by 30
What Is Realistic Political Philosophy?
Runciman, D. (2012) · Metaphilosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2011.01730.x · Cited by 30
Political Opinion and Distinctiveness: The Case of Hispanic Ethnicity
Claassen, R. L. (2004) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591290405700409 · Cited by 35
Representativity in times of diversity: The political representation of women
Celis, K. (2013) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2013.07.007 · Cited by 35
Toward a Pragmatic Model of Public Responsiveness: Implications for Enhancing Public Administrators’ Responsiveness to Citizen Demands
Liao, Y. (2016) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2016.1256305 · Cited by 30
The social impact of open government data in Hong Kong: Umbrella Movement protests and adversarial politics
Meng, A., DiSalvo, C. F., Tsui, L., et al. (2019) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2019.1613464 · Cited by 30
Parlamentskommunikation
Patzelt, W. J. (1998) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80348-1_32 · Cited by 30
Does the descriptive representation of the working class “crowd out” women and minorities (and vice versa)? Evidence from the Local Elections in America Project
Carnes, N. (2015) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2015.1031802 · Cited by 29
What Factors Shape the Substantive Representation of Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals in Parliament? Testing the Impact of Minority Membership, Political Values and Awareness
Bönisch, L. E. (2021) · Parliamentary Affairs · doi:10.1093/pa/gsab033 · Cited by 29
New voters, new attitudes: how Gen Z Americans rate candidates with respect to generation, gender, and race
McDonald, J. A., & Deckman, M. M. (2021) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2021.1962372 · Cited by 31
The Politics of Women's Presence on High Courts: Bias and the Conditional Nature of Cultivating Legitimacy
Shortell, C., & Valdini, M. E. (2021) · Politics & Gender · doi:10.1017/s1743923x21000404 · Cited by 30
Support for Democratic Values
Thomassen, J. (1998) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0198294735.003.0013 · Cited by 44
Founding Narratives and Men's Political Ambition: Experimental Evidence from US Civics Lessons
Clayton, A. B., O’Brien, D. Z., & Piscopo, J. M. (2023) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123423000340 · Cited by 31
‘No Participation Without Representation’: The Impact of Descriptive and Substantive Representation on the Age-Related Turnout Gap
Angelucci, D., Carrieri, L., & Improta, M. (2024) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00323217241229316 · Cited by 28
Conceptualizing Bureaucratic Responsiveness
Saltzstein, G. H. (1985) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/009539978501700303 · Cited by 29
Candidates in the 2005 Bundestag Election: Mode of Candidacy, Campaigning and Issues
Wüst, A. M., Schmitt, H., Gschwend, T., et al. (2006) · German Politics · doi:10.1080/09644000601062576 · Cited by 29
Institutional Ableism, Critical Actors and the Substantive Representation of Disabled People: Evidence from the UK Parliament 1940–2012
Chaney, P. (2014) · Journal of Legislative Studies · doi:10.1080/13572334.2014.975512 · Cited by 29
Creating a European Demos? The Representativeness of European Umbrella Organisations
Kröger, S. (2013) · Journal of European Integration · doi:10.1080/07036337.2013.799940 · Cited by 28
How do gender quotas affect public support for women as political leaders?
Allen, P., & Cutts, D. (2017) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2017.1320082 · Cited by 29
Forging Women's Substantive Representation: Intersectional Interests, Political Parity, and Pensions in Bolivia
Ewig, C. (2018) · Politics & Gender · doi:10.1017/s1743923x18000211 · Cited by 29
Women in public policy and public administration?
Johnston, K. (2018) · Public Money & Management · doi:10.1080/09540962.2018.1534421 · Cited by 29
Does greater user representation lead to more user focused standards? An empirical investigation of IASB’s approach to standard setting
Bhimani, A., Bond, D. E., & Sivabalan, P. (2019) · Journal of Accounting and Public Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2019.02.004 · Cited by 29
The motivational basis of constituency work: how intrinsic and extrinsic motivations interact
Giger, N., Lanz, S., & Vries, C. E. D. (2019) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2019.19 · Cited by 31
“While political scientists often assume that electoral competition is good for democracy as it allows voters to incentivize legislators to act in accordance with their interests (e.g., Downs, 1957; Pitkin, 1967; Dahl, 1971; Manin et al., 1999), our evidence provides a rather mixed assessment.”
Can the descriptive-substantive link survive beyond democracy? The policy impact of women representatives
Forman‐Rabinovici, A., & Sommer, U. (2019) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1661993 · Cited by 31
Mechanisms for inclusion and exclusion through digital political participation: Evidence from a comparative study of online consultations in three German cities
Rottinghaus, B., & Escher, T. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s41358-020-00222-7 · Cited by 29
“…value on regular citizen participation beyond elections as they expect it to ensure responsiveness between citizens and representatives (Dahl 1989; Pitkin 1967), improve decision-making by incorporating additional knowledge and rational discourse (Habermas 1992), transform opinions and achieve…”
Navigating the spaces between human rights and justice: cultivating Indigenous representation in global environmental governance
Suiseeya, K. R. M., Zanotti, L. C., & Haapala, K. (2021) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2020.1835869 · Cited by 33
On the relationship between party polarization and citizen polarization
Moral, M., & Best, R. E. (2022) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/13540688211069544 · Cited by 35
Freud and his followers
Roazen, P. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521563543.020 · Cited by 28
Civil Society in Southeast Asia
Rodan, G. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108757423 · Cited by 29
Ensuring Local Community Interests in Market-Oriented Urban Planning? The Role of Local Politicians
Hanssen, G. S. (2010) · Environment and Planning C Government and Policy · doi:10.1068/c09102 · Cited by 29
Representatives' Attitudes Toward Citizen Protests in Sweden: The Impact of Ideology, Parliamentary Position, and Experiences
Gilljam, M., Persson, M., & Karlsson, D. (2012) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1939-9162.2012.00045.x · Cited by 29
Beyond Participation and Accountability: Theorizing Representation in Local Democracy
Fischer, H. W. (2016) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.05.003 · Cited by 30
Democracy
Ball, T. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617805.009 · Cited by 29
Reserved Seats, Political Parties, and Minority Representation
Zuber, C. I. (2015) · Ethnopolitics · doi:10.1080/17449057.2015.1032007 · Cited by 33
The British Election Study and Electoral Research
Scarbrough, E. (2000) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9248.00267 · Cited by 29
Political Support in East–Central Europe
Tóka, G. (1998) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0198294735.003.0012 · Cited by 28
Minority Participation on Boards of Directors of Human Service Agencies: Some Evidence and Suggestions
Widmer, C. (1987) · Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly · doi:10.1177/089976408701600406 · Cited by 29
Conducting the Heavenly Chorus: Constituent Contact and Provoked Petitioning in Congress
Henderson, G. L., Hertel‐Fernandez, A., Mildenberger, M., & Stokes, L. C. (2021) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592721000980 · Cited by 29
From women’s presence to feminist representation: second-generation design for women’s group representation
Celis, K., & Childs, S. (2023) · European Journal of Politics and Gender · doi:10.1332/251510821x16654996784749 · Cited by 30
The impact of local protests on political elite communication: evidence from Fridays for Future in Germany
Schürmann, L. (2023) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2023.2189729 · Cited by 28
Women Get the Job Done: Differences in Constituent Communication from Female and Male Lawmakers
Bauer, N. M., & Cargile, I. A. M. (2023) · Politics & Gender · doi:10.1017/s1743923x23000259 · Cited by 28
After the epistemological turn: A framework for studying populism as a knowledge phenomenon
Nawrocki, M. (2023) · The British Journal of Politics and International Relations · doi:10.1177/13691481231202636 · Cited by 29
Sovereignty as Dominium? Reconstructing the Constructivist Roman Law Thesis1
Holland, B. (2010) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00595.x · Cited by 28
Cartelization versus representation? On a misconception in contemporary party theory
Enroth, H. (2015) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/1354068815576293 · Cited by 29
The lobby regulation element of the European Transparency Initiative: Between liberal and deliberative models of democracy
Greenwood, J. (2011) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/cep.2010.18 · Cited by 28
Responding through transposition: public Euroskepticism and European policy implementation
Williams, C. (2016) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773916000187 · Cited by 28
The impact of maleness on judicial decision making: masculinity, chivalry, and immigration appeals
Gill, R. D., Kagan, M., & Marouf, F. E. (2017) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2017.1386572 · Cited by 29
The two faces of personhood: Hobbes, corporate agency and the personality of the state
Fleming, S. (2017) · European Journal of Political Theory · doi:10.1177/1474885117731941 · Cited by 28
Does Increasing Racial Minority Representation Contribute to Overall Organizational Performance? The Role of Organizational Mission and Diversity Climate
Lee, H. (2019) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074019831101 · Cited by 28
Inclusion and Political Representation in Peace Negotiations: The Case of the Colombian Victims’ Delegations
Mendes, I. L. (2019) · Journal of Politics in Latin America · doi:10.1177/1866802x19889756 · Cited by 35
“The following section will propose a theoretical framework on political representation, relying on the works of Hanna Pitkin and Andrew Rehfeld on the concept.”
Influential
When Do Men Represent Women’s Interests in Parliament? How the Presence of Women in Parliament Affects the Legislative Behavior of Male Politicians
Höhmann, D. (2020) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12392 · Cited by 34
Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Poor Citizens in Switzerland
Lloren, A., Rosset, J., & Wüest, R. (2015) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12159 · Cited by 28
Representation, reputation and expectations towards bureaucracy: experimental findings from a favela in Brazil
Cabral, A. D., Peci, A., & Ryzin, G. G. V. (2021) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2021.1906934 · Cited by 32
“It’s Not Over When It’s Over”―Post-Decision Arrangements and Empirical Legitimacy
de Fine Licht, J., Agerberg, M., & Esaiasson, P. (2022) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muab023 · Cited by 28
Bias and representativeness in digitized newspaper collections: Introducing the environmental scan
Beelen, K., Lawrence, J., Wilson, D. C. S., & Beavan, D. (2022) · Digital Scholarship in the Humanities · doi:10.1093/llc/fqac037 · Cited by 27
The Role of Deliberative Mini-Publics in Improving the Deliberative Capacity of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
Pek, S., Mena, S., & Lyons, B. J. (2022) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.1017/beq.2022.20 · Cited by 30
Race/Ethnicity in Candidate Experiments: a Meta-Analysis and the Case for Shared Identification
van Oosten, S., Mügge, L. M., & van der Pas, D. (2023) · Acta Politica · doi:10.1057/s41269-022-00279-y · Cited by 39
The Scope of EU Government
Winter, L. D., & Swyngedouw, M. (1999) · doi:10.1093/0198296614.003.0003 · Cited by 28
Talking about my generation and class? Unpacking the descriptive representation of women in Asian parliaments
Joshi, D. K., & Och, M. (2014) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2014.06.004 · Cited by 30
Partisanship, Structure, and Representation: The Puzzle of African American Education Politics
Meier, K. J., & Rutherford, A. (2014) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000148 · Cited by 27
Great Expectations: Gender and Political Representation in the Pacific Islands
Baker, K. (2017) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2016.54 · Cited by 28
Women, Language and Politics
Shaw, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139946636 · Cited by 36
The Election of Openly Gay Public Officials in American Communities
Button, J. W., Wald, K. D., & Rienzo, B. A. (1999) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/10780879922184356 · Cited by 28
Who are the European experts? Profiles, trajectories and expert ‘careers’ of the European Commission
Robert, C. (2010) · French Politics · doi:10.1057/fp.2010.13 · Cited by 28
Representation, Expertise, and the German Parliament: A Comparison of Three Advisory Institutions
Brown, M. B., Lentsch, J., & Weingart, P. (2005) · Sociology of the sciences/Sociology of the sciences yearbook · doi:10.1007/1-4020-3754-6_5 · Cited by 28
Targeting the Poor: The Politics of Social Policy Reforms in Mexico
Piester, K. (1997) · doi:10.1093/0198781830.003.0019 · Cited by 28
Representative Democracy and State Building in the Progressive Era
McDonagh, E. (1992) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1964346 · Cited by 28
Connecting to Constituents
Esterling, K., Lazer, D. M. J., & Neblo, M. A. (2012) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912911434161 · Cited by 27
All about the Party? Constituency Representation—and Service—in Norway
Heidar, K., & Karlsen, R. (2018) · Representation · doi:10.1080/00344893.2018.1489890 · Cited by 27
Voters reward hard-working MPs: empirical evidence from the French legislative elections
François, A., & Navarro, J. (2019) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773919000274 · Cited by 31
Sovereignty Across Generations
Ferrara, A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192871077.001.0001 · Cited by 27
Electoral Discrimination, Party Rationale, and the Underrepresentation of Immigrant‐Origin Politicians
Auer, D., Portmann, L., & Tichelbaecker, T. (2023) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12817 · Cited by 30
Representative Democracy
Landa, D., & Pevnick, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198897538.001.0001 · Cited by 29
The roles councillors play
Klok, P., & Denters, S. A. H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01857-3_4 · Cited by 27
Political Representation of Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina: How Reserved Seats Affect Minority Representatives’ Influence on Decision-making and Perceived Substantive Representation
Hodžić, E., & Mraović, B. (2015) · Ethnopolitics · doi:10.1080/17449057.2015.1032004 · Cited by 27
The impact of descriptive representation on “persistent” gender gaps: political engagement and political trust in Uruguay
Hinojosa, M., Fridkin, K. L., & Kittilson, M. C. (2017) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2017.1330215 · Cited by 27
Political sophistication affects how citizens’ social policy preferences respond to the economy
Kölln, A. (2017) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2017.1332314 · Cited by 27
Sharing is caring: the role of voter-candidate similarities in intra-party electoral competition
van Erkel, P. F. A. (2018) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s175577391800022x · Cited by 27
“This idea can be traced back to scholars working on descriptive representation (Pitkin, 1967; Mansbridge, 1999).”
The impact of gender quotas in sport management: the case of Spain
Valiente, C. (2020) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2020.1819244 · Cited by 27
Voting from the Pew: The Effect of Senators' Religious Identities on Partisan Polarization in the U.S . S enate
McTague, J. M., & Pearson‐Merkowitz, S. (2013) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/lsq.12020 · Cited by 44

Authors: Fenichel Pitkin, H.
Venue: University of California Press eBooks
Publisher: University of California Press
Published: 1967-12-31
DOI: 10.1525/9780520340503
OpenAlex: W4213160818
Cited by: 5,162
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 285 · 2025: 329 · 2024: 401 · 2023: 318 · 2022: 350 · 2021: 284 · 2020: 464 · 2019: 415 · 2018: 243 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 175 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 134 · 2012: 123
FWCI: 33.02
Type: book
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: University of California Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Cultural Identity and Representation
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Semiotics and Representation Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
Keywords: representation, concept of representation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Concept of Representation

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks