The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 14 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Language, Race, and White Public Space
Open accessAbstract
White public space is constructed through intense monitoring of racialized populations and the invisibility of similar signs in Whites; Mock Spanish reproduces negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos while indexing whiteness as an unmarked norm.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While obvious”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“My research suggests that precisely the opposite is true for Whites.Whites permit themselves a considerable amount of disorder precisely at the language boundary that is a site of discipline for Puerto Ricans (and other members of historically Spanish-speaking populations in the United States)that is, the boundary between Spanish and English in public discourse.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“While Puerto Ricans agonize over whether or not their English is cultivated enough, the public written use of Spanish by Whites is often grossly nonstandard and ungrammatical.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hill 1993a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is clear that many Spanish speakers do hear the racist message of Mock Spanish.”
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Furthermore, African Americans diemselves apparently use Mock Spanish: Terry McMillan's 1996 novel, How Stella Got Her Groove Back, is rich in attestations in the speech of Stella, a beautiful and successful African American professional woman from California.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McMillan 1996
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“I have collected some evidence that members of historically Spanish-speaking populations do not share Whites' understanding of Mock Spanish.”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“New tokens of White”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By indirect indexicality, it reproduces highly negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By direct indexicality, Mock Spanish presents speakers as possessing desirable personal qualities.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hi the light of the analysis that I have suggested above, the”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By far the richest examples of linguistic incorporations are Mock Spanish and AAE crossover.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For instance, tokens of”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the construction of whiteness is probably a project of global scope, and in fact Mock Spanish seems to be widespread in the English-speaking world.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, as far as I know no members of historically Spanish-speaking populations use Mock Spanish, at least not in anything like the routine way that Whites do.23”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary,”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The practices of Mock Spanish include, first, semantic pejoration of Spanish loans: the use of positive or neutral Spanish words in humorous or negative senses.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some Spanish speakers find some of the greeting cards in my sample funny.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I have discovered only one case of apparent concern about Spanish-speaking opinion in reference to the use of Spanish in mass media.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Indeed, in other work (Hill 1995) I have suggested that working-class speakers are less likely to use”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hill 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One of the dimensions of this space is that disorder on the part of Whites (including not only Mock Spanish, but also cursing and a variety of locutionary sins of the”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hall et al. (1978) source
- Not matchedcites Cohen (1972)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“Students who heard the lecture under the”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rubin (1992) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, precisely because it is narrower in its range of opacity and transparency than is AAE”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“But Whites hear other public Spanish as impolite and even dangerous.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Urciuoli 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The kinds of games reported by Hewitt, however, remain reserved to childhood, unable to break through the dominant voices of racism; Hewitt found that the kind of interracial friendship that permitted teasing with racist epithets essentially vanished from the lives of his subjects by the time they reached the age of 16.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hewitt (1986)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We cannot be sure that these phenomena are genuinely outside the linguistic order of racism until we understand dimensions of that order-within which age-graded cohorts may have a relatively enduring place.”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Racism challenges the most advanced anthropological thinking, because racial formation processes (Omi and Winant 1994) are contested and contradictory, yet global in their scope.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Omi and Winant 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mock Spanish is precisely”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“Or, perhaps we should say that carnivalesque inversions can be a”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Scott (1985)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“However, only slightly more than a decade ago Hewitt (1986) found that such crossings did not survive the adolescent years.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hewitt (1986)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, while the”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It seems likely that there are tokens that originate in Mock Spanish where the original indexicality is suppressable (the word peon, pronounced [piyan], which appeared in English by the seventeenth century, may be an example of this type), but in general tokens of this practice are relatively easy to spot and interpret.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While probably few White readers of this strip sense”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The authors state this as an assumption.
'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
“I use”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Conflicting dates for Warrior for Gringostroika
MinorThe note dates the same titled work to 1991, while the reference entry dates it to 1993.
“25. See, for instance, his Warrior for Gringostroika (1991).”
“10. Gomez-Pefia, Guillermo 1993 Warrior for Gringostroika. St. Paul, MN: Gray wolf Press.”
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- Butler Judith, 1997, Excitable Speech
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- Gibbs Nancy, 1996, An American Voice, Time, 149, 32
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Of Cops and “Karens”: Language and the Bureaucratic Arm of Policing
Feliciano‐Santos, S. (2021) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12322 · Cited by 14
Being in Public: The Threat and Promise of Stranger Contact
Cooper, D. (2007) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2007.00056.x · Cited by 14
“…the asymmetrical coding that renders certain social dimensions, such as maleness and whiteness, unmarked and unremarked upon (see also Hill 1998).10 In characterizing subordination as a system, Nielsen emphasizes the extent to which different kinds of gender and racial practices…”
BackgroundMediatization of East Asia in James Bond films
Pua, P., & Hiramoto, M. (2017) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2017.01.003 · Cited by 14
The Interactional and Cultural Pragmatics of Evidentiality in Pastaza Quichua
Nucholls, J. B. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.10 · Cited by 15
Brosig, B., & Skribnik, E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.26 · Cited by 16
The Acquisition of Evidentiality
Fitneva, S. A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.9 · Cited by 16
The Blackness of “Broken English”
Gaudio, R. P. (2011) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01108.x · Cited by 14
Semiotic whitening: Whiteness without white people
Mena, M. (2024) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12425 · Cited by 18
Discourse, Emotions and Embodiment
Busch, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.016 · Cited by 15
Language ideologies and legitimacy among nonbinary YouTubers
Crowley, A. (2022) · Journal of Language and Sexuality · doi:10.1075/jls.20021.cro · Cited by 13
Carpenter-Song, E. A., & Whitley, R. (2013) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-013-9311-5 · Cited by 13
‘A ondi queras’: Ranchero identity construction by U.S. born Mexicans on Facebook
Christiansen, M. S. (2015) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12155 · Cited by 13
Speech play, gender play, and the verbal artistry of queer argots
Barrett, R. (2018) · Suvremena lingvistika · doi:10.22210/suvlin.2018.086.03 · Cited by 13
Limerick, N. (2020) · Signs and Society · doi:10.1086/708164 · Cited by 13
“Speakers of marginalized languages in public spaces routinely risk that their language use will be seen as threatening (Hill 1998), and commensurate forms of Kichwa aid in managing the reactions of others.”
BackgroundRethinking Narrative: Tellers, Tales and Identities in Contemporary Worlds
Fina, A. D., & Georgakopoulou, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.006 · Cited by 17
Third party interaction in the medical context: Code-switching and control
Vickers, C. H., Goble, R., & Deckert, S. K. (2015) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2015.05.009 · Cited by 13
Language, Discourse, and New Media: A Linguistic Anthropological Perspective
Akkaya, A. H. (2014) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/lnc3.12082 · Cited by 13
Evidentials, Information Sources, and Cognition
Ünal, E., & Anna Papafragou, A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.8 · Cited by 14
“Brad and Angelina: And Now … Brangelina!”
(2020) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478008880-011 · Cited by 11
Wernicke, M. (2022) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr-2021-0074 · Cited by 13
In the service of surveillance: Immigrant child language brokers in parent-teacher conferences
Reynolds, J. F., Orellana, M. F., & García–Sánchez, I. M. (2015) · Langage et société · doi:10.3917/ls.153.0091 · Cited by 12
Hong Kong’s language ecology and the racialized linguistic order
Fleming, K. (2017) · Language Ecology · doi:10.1075/le.1.1.03fle · Cited by 12
“Research in other contexts has shown that multilingualism among non-elites is often seen as disorderly, problematic and a barrier to school success, while multilingualism among elites is valued as a personal and economic asset (Hill 1999; Cummins 2000).”
BackgroundChang, A. (2015) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2015.1110337 · Cited by 12
“…is not solely the skin color of People of Color that whites reject, not even language on its own, although both of these things are dangerous particularly in public spaces (Hill 1998), rather it is their experience and the bodies that incorporate these experiences which whites deem as un-American.”
BackgroundThe meaning of mocking: Stylizations of Asians and preps at a U.S. high school
Chun, E. W. (2007) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 12
Braden, S. K. (2019) · Bilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/15235882.2019.1688202 · Cited by 12
Playing with Antagonists: The Politics of Humor in Israeli‐Palestinian Market Encounters
Siegman, J. A. (2020) · PoLAR Political and Legal Anthropology Review · doi:10.1111/plar.12345 · Cited by 12
The Significance of Trump’s Incoherence
Slotta, J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.003 · Cited by 12
Well, Now, Okey Dokey: English Discourse Markers in Spanish-Language Medical Consultations
Vickers, C. H., & Goble, R. (2011) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.67.4.536 · Cited by 16
Diverse Voices, Dialogue and Intercultural Learning in a Second Language Classroom
Hirst, E., & Renshaw, P. D. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-1931-9_5 · Cited by 12
Giving and Taking Voice: Metapragmatic Dismissals of Parents in Child Welfare Court Cases
López‐Espino, J. (2023) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1017/lsi.2023.50 · Cited by 12
“Racialized perceptions of people can be normalized through consistent social and institutional metapragmatic positioning of a racialized group ’ s linguistic practices as nonnormative, deviant, or de fi cient (Hill 1998; Rosa 2016a, 2016b; 2019; López-Espino 2021).”
Muwwakkil, J. (2023) · Transforming Anthropology · doi:10.1111/traa.12257 · Cited by 11
Embracing linguistic diversity: Global Englishes language teaching for anti-racist education
Yunhua, D., & Budiman, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1413778 · Cited by 11
Metaphor, Metonymy and Framing in Discourse
Demjén, Z., & Semino, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.011 · Cited by 17
A Black Perspective on the Language of Race in Dutch
Kanobana, S. R. (2021) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12325 · Cited by 11
Hodges, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.009 · Cited by 13
Whiteness, Freedom, and Technology: The Racial Struggle over Philadelphia’s Streetcars, 1859–1867
Zylstra, G. D. (2011) · Technology and Culture · doi:10.1353/tech.2011.0166 · Cited by 11
Lin, S. (2009) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404509090514 · Cited by 11
Situating Discourse Analysis in Ethnographic and Sociopolitical Context
Roth‐Gordon, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.003 · Cited by 13
Racializing Latinx bilinguals in K-12 language learning classrooms in the United States
Clemons, A. M., & Toribio, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Spanish Language Teaching · doi:10.1080/23247797.2021.2016228 · Cited by 13
“…we submit that the ideology embedded in the ubiquitous assertion “ We speak English in America ” is not founded in linguistic preference but in the racialization of groups who use languages other than English, especially Spanish (Hill 1998; Lippi-Green 2004; Alim 2004, 2016; Zentella 2016a).”
SPEAKING SPANISH OUTSIDE THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM: AN ANALYSIS OF LEARNER NARRATIVES
Pomerantz, A. (2010) · Critical Inquiry in Language Studies · doi:10.1080/15427580903523565 · Cited by 11
“Likewise, many of the examples presented in Jane Hill’s work on mock Spanish (2008) are accessible to learners and could provide numerous points of departure for analysis and discussion.”
BackgroundParodies of whiteness: Die Antwoord and the politics of race, gender, and class in South Africa
Bekker, I., & Levon, E. (2020) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404519000630 · Cited by 11
“…of subversion, including, prominently, Butler’s (1993) argument that parodic imitation can destabilize the apparent fixity of entrenched cultural norms and categories (see also e.g. Hill 1998; Lloyd 1999, 2007; Brickell 2005; as well as recent discussions of infrapolitics, e.g. J. Scott 2012).”
BackgroundHill, J. H. (1999) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1525/jlin.1999.9.1-2.244 · Cited by 11
Self-citationWhat Comes After Discourse Analysis for LGBTQ Psychology?
Hegarty, P. V. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713099.ch3 · Cited by 11
Talmy, S. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118531242.ch21 · Cited by 11
The view from within: Gendered language ideologies of multilingual speakers in contemporary Berlin
Truan, N., & Oldani, M. (2021) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12471 · Cited by 10
“Drawing on previous accounts of racialized linguistic regimentation of public space (Hill, 1998), we show how discourses on who is entitled to speak differently than the (perceived; white) norm are also gendered.”
BackgroundInfluentialLanguage and Race: Settler Colonial Consequences and Epistemic Disruptions
Shankar, S. (2023) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-010220-074541 · Cited by 11
Descolonización y enseñanza del español
Gutiérrez, M. F., Reiter, R. M., & Clemons, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Spanish Language Teaching · doi:10.1080/23247797.2023.2294635 · Cited by 11
Smalls, K. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197697573.001.0001 · Cited by 11
Braden, S. K. (2020) · International Journal of Multicultural Education · doi:10.18251/ijme.v22i2.2439 · Cited by 11
‘Gangpu is too funny!’: The mediatization of Hong Kong Mandarin as a jocular register
Wong, A. (2023) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404523000416 · Cited by 10
“Yet to understand Mock Spanish humor, one needs to have access to ‘ very negative racializing representations of Chicanos and Latinos as stupid, politically corrupt, sexually loose, lazy, dirty, and disorderly ’ (Hill 1998:682).”
Speaking with (dis)respect: a study of reactions to Mock Spanish
Callahan, L. (2010) · Language and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/14708477.2010.494731 · Cited by 10
“5 Compare this to the non-empowered person speaking non-fluent English. In regard to pronunciation, Hill ( 1998 ) makes the observation that while Spanish speakers are hyper-conscious of and are criticized for their lack of fluency in English – i.”
BackgroundO’Connor, B. H. (2016) · Anthropology & Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/aeq.12145 · Cited by 10
Evidentiality and Formal Semantic Theories
Speas, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.15 · Cited by 12
Dizqueand other Emergent Evidential forms in Romance Languages
Alcázar, A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.35 · Cited by 10
Ideophone Humor: The Enregisterment of a Stereotype and Its Inversion
Bermúdez, N. (2020) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12275 · Cited by 9
Excluding veiled women from French public space: the emergence of a ‘respectable’ segregation?
Khemilat, F. (2020) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1863198 · Cited by 13
“In addition to the gendered factor, the racial factor also plays its part in the differentiated occupation of public space (Hill, 1998).”
BackgroundRhythms of the secular: The politics of modernizing Arab poetic forms
Furani, K. (2008) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.00036.x · Cited by 10
Making Chinese Learnable: Strategies for the Retention of Language Learners
Singh, M. J., & Han, J. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137492913_9 · Cited by 10
¡No manches, güey! Service encounters in a Hispanic American intercultural communication setting
Cruz, H. R. (2016) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2016.11.010 · Cited by 10
Lopez, Q., & Hinrichs, L. (2017) · Journal of English Linguistics · doi:10.1177/0075424217702106 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Jane H.
- ORCID
- Hill, Jane H.
- Venue
- American Anthropologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 680-689
- ISSN
- 0002-7294 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-1433
- OpenAlex
- W1985344939
- Cited by
- 972
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 31.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Anthropologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Keywords
- African Americans, African American English, whiteness, indexicality, code-mixing, semiotics of language
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