The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 14 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Language, Race, and White Public Space
Open accessAbstract
White public space is constructed through intense monitoring of racialized populations and the invisibility of similar signs in Whites; Mock Spanish reproduces negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos while indexing whiteness as an unmarked norm.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While obvious”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“My research suggests that precisely the opposite is true for Whites.Whites permit themselves a considerable amount of disorder precisely at the language boundary that is a site of discipline for Puerto Ricans (and other members of historically Spanish-speaking populations in the United States)that is, the boundary between Spanish and English in public discourse.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“While Puerto Ricans agonize over whether or not their English is cultivated enough, the public written use of Spanish by Whites is often grossly nonstandard and ungrammatical.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hill 1993a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is clear that many Spanish speakers do hear the racist message of Mock Spanish.”
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Furthermore, African Americans diemselves apparently use Mock Spanish: Terry McMillan's 1996 novel, How Stella Got Her Groove Back, is rich in attestations in the speech of Stella, a beautiful and successful African American professional woman from California.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McMillan 1996
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“I have collected some evidence that members of historically Spanish-speaking populations do not share Whites' understanding of Mock Spanish.”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“New tokens of White”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By indirect indexicality, it reproduces highly negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By direct indexicality, Mock Spanish presents speakers as possessing desirable personal qualities.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hi the light of the analysis that I have suggested above, the”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By far the richest examples of linguistic incorporations are Mock Spanish and AAE crossover.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For instance, tokens of”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the construction of whiteness is probably a project of global scope, and in fact Mock Spanish seems to be widespread in the English-speaking world.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, as far as I know no members of historically Spanish-speaking populations use Mock Spanish, at least not in anything like the routine way that Whites do.23”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary,”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The practices of Mock Spanish include, first, semantic pejoration of Spanish loans: the use of positive or neutral Spanish words in humorous or negative senses.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some Spanish speakers find some of the greeting cards in my sample funny.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I have discovered only one case of apparent concern about Spanish-speaking opinion in reference to the use of Spanish in mass media.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Indeed, in other work (Hill 1995) I have suggested that working-class speakers are less likely to use”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hill 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One of the dimensions of this space is that disorder on the part of Whites (including not only Mock Spanish, but also cursing and a variety of locutionary sins of the”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hall et al. (1978) source
- Not matchedcites Cohen (1972)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“Students who heard the lecture under the”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rubin (1992) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, precisely because it is narrower in its range of opacity and transparency than is AAE”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“But Whites hear other public Spanish as impolite and even dangerous.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Urciuoli 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The kinds of games reported by Hewitt, however, remain reserved to childhood, unable to break through the dominant voices of racism; Hewitt found that the kind of interracial friendship that permitted teasing with racist epithets essentially vanished from the lives of his subjects by the time they reached the age of 16.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hewitt (1986)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We cannot be sure that these phenomena are genuinely outside the linguistic order of racism until we understand dimensions of that order-within which age-graded cohorts may have a relatively enduring place.”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Racism challenges the most advanced anthropological thinking, because racial formation processes (Omi and Winant 1994) are contested and contradictory, yet global in their scope.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Omi and Winant 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mock Spanish is precisely”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“Or, perhaps we should say that carnivalesque inversions can be a”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Scott (1985)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“However, only slightly more than a decade ago Hewitt (1986) found that such crossings did not survive the adolescent years.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hewitt (1986)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, while the”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It seems likely that there are tokens that originate in Mock Spanish where the original indexicality is suppressable (the word peon, pronounced [piyan], which appeared in English by the seventeenth century, may be an example of this type), but in general tokens of this practice are relatively easy to spot and interpret.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While probably few White readers of this strip sense”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The authors state this as an assumption.
'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
“I use”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Conflicting dates for Warrior for Gringostroika
MinorThe note dates the same titled work to 1991, while the reference entry dates it to 1993.
“25. See, for instance, his Warrior for Gringostroika (1991).”
“10. Gomez-Pefia, Guillermo 1993 Warrior for Gringostroika. St. Paul, MN: Gray wolf Press.”
Citations
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Frankenburg, R. (1993) · doi:10.4324/9780203973431 · Cited by 3,308
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Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Butler Judith, 1997, Excitable Speech
- Cmiel Kenneth, 1990, Democratic Eloquence
- Gibbs Nancy, 1996, An American Voice, Time, 149, 32
- Gomez‐Peña Guillermo, 1993, Warrior for Gringostroika
- Gubar Susan, 1997, Racechanges: White Skins, Black Face in American Culture
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“Evidence of this assimilationist trend can be found in the hostility encountered by multi-linguals for using languages other than English or non-standardized varieties of English in what Hill calls the ‘ white public space ’ (Hill 1995, 1998; Urciuoli 1996).”
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“Jane Hill (1998) has pointed out in relation to jokes directed at ethnically or racially defined groups, that these jokes are not considered funny or even make sense without knowledge of negative stereotypes of the group in question.”
BackgroundEscobar, C. F. (2023) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1080/15348458.2023.2205649 · Cited by 9
“…bilingual teacher education, critically looking at raciolinguistic metacommentary necessitates that BTCs question how and why certain linguistic varieties become enregistered as indicative of marginalized social representations while others remain invisibly normal (Alim et al., 2016; Hill, 1998).”
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“Similarly, the informal reliance on linguistic gatekeepers to verify the validity of Spanish language copy reflects a double standard about Spanish that Hill (1998) points to in her discussion of Latino speech in White public space.”
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“The original song Samuel refers to may be interpreted as Mock Spanish (Hill, 1998).”
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Soft linguistic terrorism: 21st century re-articulations
Mena, M. (2023) · Educational Linguistics · doi:10.1515/eduling-2023-0003 · Cited by 9
Hiramoto, M. (2015) · Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) · doi:10.1075/prag.21.3.03hir · Cited by 7
Countering Anti-Immigrant Discourses in the New Latino South: “Nos mascan pero no nos tragan”
Fitts, S., & McClure, G. (2015) · Critical Inquiry in Language Studies · doi:10.1080/15427587.2015.1096726 · Cited by 7
“…discrimination against the use of Spanish in public was less prevalent in our data, the dominant language ideology of English monolingualism acted as de facto public language policy, creating what we refer to as “language zoning,” and what Hill (1998) has called “White public space” (p. 684).”
BackgroundThe Poetics and Politics of Hospitality in U.S. Literature and Culture
Gerke, A. E., Guerrero-Strachan, S. R., & Rico, P. S. J. (2020) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004408043 · Cited by 7
Catalano, T., Kiramba, L. K., & Viesca, K. (2020) · Bilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/15235882.2020.1738287 · Cited by 7
Culture and Diversity in the United States
Eller, J. D. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315739120 · Cited by 9
Raciolinguistic Ideologies of Spanish Speakers in a California Child Welfare Court
López‐Espino, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76900-0_10 · Cited by 7
Incommunicable: Decolonizing perspectives on language and health
Briggs, C. L. (2023) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13917 · Cited by 7
What Is Normal? A Historical Survey and Neuroanthropological Perspective
Mason, P. H. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4707-4_153 · Cited by 7
Linguistic and cultural authenticity of ‘Spanglish’ greeting cards
Potowski, K. (2011) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2011.606908 · Cited by 7
“A theoretically relevant perspective on inauthentic or ‘gringo Spanglish’ is Hill's ( 1993 , 1998 ) concept of ‘mock Spanish’, the use by English speakers of lexical items and fixed expressions of Spanish-language origin, supposedly for humour value; in other words, an appropriation of Spanish language resources in a…”
BackgroundStrom, M. C. (2015) · Social Semiotics · doi:10.1080/10350330.2015.1080039 · Cited by 7
“…groups in the English-language media serve as the basis for sustaining ideologies: Latin@ immigrants in the USA are “low- income, unskilled, uneducated, crime-ridden, unemployed,” (Dávila 2001, 217) and “stupid, politically corrupt, sexually loose, lazy, dirty, and disorderly” (Hill 1998, 683).”
BackgroundResultTalmy, S. (2010) · Cited by 7
Regimes of hearing: Norwegian qualia of quiet and noise as heard through a migrant classroom
Connor, J. (2018) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2018.10.003 · Cited by 7
Researching the Language of Race and Racism in Education
Martínez, D. C., & Martínez, R. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02249-9_37 · Cited by 8
Evidentiality and Information Source in Signed Languages
Wilcox, S. E., & Shaffer, B. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.36 · Cited by 7
Non-Propositional Evidentiality
Jacques, G. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.5 · Cited by 8
MEXIQUEÑO?: ISSUES OF IDENTITY AND IDEOLOGY IN A CASE STUDY OF DIALECT CONTACT
Johnson, G., & Elka, S. (2005) · Cited by 7
Thoroughly Mixed Yet Thoroughly Ethnic: Indexing Class with Ethnonyms
Smith, A. L., & Eisenstein, A. (2013) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12012 · Cited by 7
“Indexicality is an important focus of many language-centered explorations of covert racialization (Anderson 2008; Hill 1998, 2005, 2008:128–155; Modan 2001, 2007; Trechter and Bucholtz 2001:16; Trechter 2001; Wortham et al. 2011).”
BackgroundThe vitality and diversity of multilingual repertoires: Commentary on Mufwene
Carlo, P. D., & Good, J. (2017) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.2017.0069 · Cited by 7
Mockery and Appropriation of Spanish in White Spaces: Perceptions of Latinos in the United States1
Schwartz, A. C. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444393446.ch30 · Cited by 7
Language Socialization and Linguistic Ideologies Among Israeli Emissaries in the United States
Kattan, S. (2010) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Bookman-Zandler, R., & Smith, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/00916471221149101 · Cited by 9
“Sovereignty for a culture means that its members have protection from constantly engaging in code switching, making themselves smaller for fear of appearing threatening, and other types of posturing mandated by the White gaze (J. H. Hill, 1998; K. D. Hill, 2009; Jungkunz & White, 2013; Young, 2009).”
BackgroundMartínez, D. C. (2016) · International Journal of the Sociology of Language · doi:10.1515/ijsl-2016-0023 · Cited by 6
Evidentiality in Formosan Languages
Pan, C.-J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.31 · Cited by 6
Canut, C. (2019) · Signs and Society · doi:10.1086/704985 · Cited by 6
6Chai and Conversation: Crafting Field Identities and Archaeological Practice in South Asia
Raczek, T. P., & Sugandhi, N. S. (2020) · Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association · doi:10.1111/apaa.12125 · Cited by 3
“…to be more authoritative and more valued than others and may be employed to reinforce dominant-subordinate relationships (e.g., Coates 2012; Dick and Wirtz 2011; Hill 1998; Philips 2004)—for example, when men interrupt or talk over women to dominate conversations (Zimmerman and West 1975).”
BackgroundZavala, V., & Back, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.025 · Cited by 9
#BlackOutEid: Resisting Anti‐Blackness in Digital Muslim Life
Durrani, M. (2021) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12326 · Cited by 6
Stone, T. B. (2022) · International Review of Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/19408447211068195 · Cited by 7
“…of terms such as “siestas,” “unskilled labor,” and, in terms of schooling, being “unmotivated,” indexed by racializing discourses that saturate talk about Mexicans as part of longer border and migration histories (Godinez, 2019; Hill, 1998, 2008; Roth-Gordon, 2011; Balderrama & Rodriguez, 2006).”
Background“Are There Any Mexicans Listening?” Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in a Spanish L2 Classroom
Mattson‐Prieto, R., & Showstack, R. E. (2022) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12485 · Cited by 6
Recognizing Indigenous Languages
Limerick, N. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197559178.001.0001 · Cited by 6
Cepeda, M. E. (2009) · Identities · doi:10.1080/10702890903172702 · Cited by 6
Notions of intimate publicness and the American do-it-yourself music spaces
Verbuč, D. (2017) · Communication and the Public · doi:10.1177/2057047317741901 · Cited by 7
“…race, class, and gender into spatially demarcated hierarchical relations that often segregate these groups of people away from the “public” spaces, the latter being hegemonically defined as White, middle class, heterosexual, and male (Fraser, 1990; Hill, 1998; Leppert, 1993; Warner, 2002, p. 49).”
BackgroundEvidentiality in Boran and Witotoan Languages
Wojtylak, K. I. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.19 · Cited by 7
Sohn, H. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.33 · Cited by 7
Evidentiality in the Uto-Aztecan Languages
Thornes, T. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.20 · Cited by 6
Language Hegemonies and their Discontents: History, Theory, Bilingualism, and Funds of Knowledge
Vélez‐Ibáñez, C. G. (2018) · Association of Mexican American Educators Journal · doi:10.24974/amae.12.2.393 · Cited by 6
Dirksmeier, P., & Helbrecht, I. (2010) · Social Geography Discussions · doi:10.5194/sgd-6-141-2010 · Cited by 6
Tetreault, C. (2015) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12098 · Cited by 6
Evidentiality in Nambikwara Languages
Eberhard, D. M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.17 · Cited by 7
Evidentiality in the Languages of New Guinea
Sarvasy, H. S. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.30 · Cited by 6
45 as a Bullshit Artist: Straining for Charisma
Jacquemet, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.008 · Cited by 6
Bauman, R., & Briggs, C. L. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511486647.006 · Cited by 6
Introduction: The Multiple Voices of Jane Hill1
Roth‐Gordon, J., & Mendoza‐Denton, N. (2011) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01103.x · Cited by 6
SOCIAL OBSTACLES TO INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN AMERICA'S LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS
Fonseca-Greber, B. B. (2010) · Cited by 6
Martínez, D. C. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 6
Gallo, S. (2013) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 6
McMillan, D. W. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108678971.004 · Cited by 6
Negrette, G. M. (2023) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.3214 · Cited by 5
Viatori, M. (2014) · Anthropological Theory · doi:10.1177/1463499614554529 · Cited by 5
Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality in Gitksan
Peterson, T. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.22 · Cited by 5
Scandinavian-American English over time: Stereotypes and regionalization
Moquin, L., & Salmons, J. (2020) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2020.100064 · Cited by 5
Sonic masquerading in Israeli popular music: self-Imitation, accent, and mockery
Karkabi, N., & Mendel, Y. (2021) · Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/09502386.2021.1981960 · Cited by 5
“Similarly to Mock Spanish in the United States (Hill 1998), Tuna reconstructs Jewish Israeli intimacy by mocking Arabs and their language.”
BackgroundInfluentialLife After the EL Label: Conversations About Identity, Language, and Race
Aguayo, V. A. (2020) · USF Scholarship Repository (University of San Francisco) · Cited by 5
“ RIP English”: Race, class and ‘good English’ in India
Highet, K. (2023) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12405 · Cited by 7
Centering Race and Multilingualism in French Linguistics
Smith, M. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197755259.003.0008 · Cited by 5
Parker, G. A., Botek, M., & y Cabo, D. P. (2024) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages9060220 · Cited by 5
Graham, L. R. (2011) · Mana · doi:10.1590/s0104-93132011000200002 · Cited by 5
Nicola, N. (2010) · Journal of Language and Politics · doi:10.1075/jlp.9.2.06nic · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Jane H.
- ORCID
- Hill, Jane H.
- Venue
- American Anthropologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 680-689
- ISSN
- 0002-7294 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-1433
- OpenAlex
- W1985344939
- Cited by
- 972
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 31.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Anthropologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Keywords
- African Americans, African American English, whiteness, indexicality, code-mixing, semiotics of language
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