The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 14 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Language, Race, and White Public Space
Open accessAbstract
White public space is constructed through intense monitoring of racialized populations and the invisibility of similar signs in Whites; Mock Spanish reproduces negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos while indexing whiteness as an unmarked norm.
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Claims the paper makes
17 Own interpretation · 10 Sources not found · 9 No basis given · 4 Own result · 2 No full text of the sources · 2 Not checked yet
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While obvious”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“My research suggests that precisely the opposite is true for Whites.Whites permit themselves a considerable amount of disorder precisely at the language boundary that is a site of discipline for Puerto Ricans (and other members of historically Spanish-speaking populations in the United States)that is, the boundary between Spanish and English in public discourse.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“While Puerto Ricans agonize over whether or not their English is cultivated enough, the public written use of Spanish by Whites is often grossly nonstandard and ungrammatical.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hill 1993a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is clear that many Spanish speakers do hear the racist message of Mock Spanish.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Furthermore, African Americans diemselves apparently use Mock Spanish: Terry McMillan's 1996 novel, How Stella Got Her Groove Back, is rich in attestations in the speech of Stella, a beautiful and successful African American professional woman from California.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McMillan 1996
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“I have collected some evidence that members of historically Spanish-speaking populations do not share Whites' understanding of Mock Spanish.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“New tokens of White”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By indirect indexicality, it reproduces highly negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By direct indexicality, Mock Spanish presents speakers as possessing desirable personal qualities.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hi the light of the analysis that I have suggested above, the”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By far the richest examples of linguistic incorporations are Mock Spanish and AAE crossover.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For instance, tokens of”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the construction of whiteness is probably a project of global scope, and in fact Mock Spanish seems to be widespread in the English-speaking world.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, as far as I know no members of historically Spanish-speaking populations use Mock Spanish, at least not in anything like the routine way that Whites do.23”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary,”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The practices of Mock Spanish include, first, semantic pejoration of Spanish loans: the use of positive or neutral Spanish words in humorous or negative senses.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some Spanish speakers find some of the greeting cards in my sample funny.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I have discovered only one case of apparent concern about Spanish-speaking opinion in reference to the use of Spanish in mass media.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Indeed, in other work (Hill 1995) I have suggested that working-class speakers are less likely to use”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hill 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One of the dimensions of this space is that disorder on the part of Whites (including not only Mock Spanish, but also cursing and a variety of locutionary sins of the”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hall et al. (1978) source
- Not matchedcites Cohen (1972)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“Students who heard the lecture under the”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rubin (1992) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, precisely because it is narrower in its range of opacity and transparency than is AAE”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“But Whites hear other public Spanish as impolite and even dangerous.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Urciuoli 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The kinds of games reported by Hewitt, however, remain reserved to childhood, unable to break through the dominant voices of racism; Hewitt found that the kind of interracial friendship that permitted teasing with racist epithets essentially vanished from the lives of his subjects by the time they reached the age of 16.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hewitt (1986)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We cannot be sure that these phenomena are genuinely outside the linguistic order of racism until we understand dimensions of that order-within which age-graded cohorts may have a relatively enduring place.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Racism challenges the most advanced anthropological thinking, because racial formation processes (Omi and Winant 1994) are contested and contradictory, yet global in their scope.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Omi and Winant 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mock Spanish is precisely”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
In the paper
“Or, perhaps we should say that carnivalesque inversions can be a”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Scott (1985)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“However, only slightly more than a decade ago Hewitt (1986) found that such crossings did not survive the adolescent years.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hewitt (1986)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, while the”
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It seems likely that there are tokens that originate in Mock Spanish where the original indexicality is suppressable (the word peon, pronounced [piyan], which appeared in English by the seventeenth century, may be an example of this type), but in general tokens of this practice are relatively easy to spot and interpret.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While probably few White readers of this strip sense”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: 'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
The authors state this as an assumption.
'Whites' can be used as a shorthand category for the population that participates in White public space, despite heterogeneity.
“I use”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Notes
“25. See, for instance, his Warrior for Gringostroika (1991).”
§ References
“10. Gomez-Pefia, Guillermo 1993 Warrior for Gringostroika. St. Paul, MN: Gray wolf Press.”
Citations
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- Gomez‐Peña Guillermo, 1993, Warrior for Gringostroika
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Languages, Identities, and Accents: Perspectives from the 2010 Linguistic Diversity Conference
Anya, U., Avineri, N., Carris, L. M., & Valencia, V. (2011) · Issues in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.5070/l4182005342 · Cited by 4
Hoffman, B. (2015) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2015.1094075 · Cited by 4
“In contrast, the work of Hill (1998) and Urciuoli (1996) suggests that the boundary between languages in the USA is bright.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPocho Politics: Language, Identity, and Discourse in Lalo Alcaraz’s La Cucaracha
Breidenbach, C. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137004109_10 · Cited by 4
“Close linguistic analysis reveals four important facets identified in the comic strip La Cucaracha: Mock Spanish (Hill 1998, 2008), fake Spanish accents, code switching, and language ideology.”
BackgroundAlexander, N. (2017) · Education as Change · doi:10.17159/1947-9417/2017/995 · Cited by 4
Evidentiality in Bodic Languages
Hyslop, G. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.28 · Cited by 4
Making Our Nation Fear the Powerless
Ana, O. S., Juárez, M. A., Reséndez, M., Hernández, J., Gaytán, O., Cerón, K., Gómez, C., & Solís, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.018 · Cited by 4
Part II Introduction: The Show Must Go On: Hyperbole and Falsehood in Trump’s Performance
Mendoza‐Denton, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.006 · Cited by 4
The influence of enculturation and shifting in predicting marianismo beliefs among Latinx women
García, S., Gamst, G. C., Meyers, L. S., Arellano‐Morales, L., & Kernes, J. L. (2022) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2022.2110450 · Cited by 4
“For example, Latinx women are often tasked with monitoring their speech production to better conform to a White American normative order (Hill, 1998) that is often hostile to Spanish-speakers (Gamst et al., 2019).”
BackgroundThe First Time I Heard the Word: The “N‐Word” as a Present and Persistent Racial Epithet
Jerry, A. R. (2018) · Transforming Anthropology · doi:10.1111/traa.12117 · Cited by 4
Trinch, S. L., & Snajdr, E. K. (2018) · Linguistic Landscape An international journal · doi:10.1075/ll.18012.tri · Cited by 4
Pastrami, Verklempt, and Tshootspa: Non-Jews’ Use of Jewish Language in the United States
Benor, S. B. (2022) · American Jewish year book · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78706-6_1 · Cited by 4
Sierra, S., & Shrikant, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.015 · Cited by 4
Metroethnicity, Naming and Mocknolect
Maher, J. C. (2020) · Impact · doi:10.1075/impact.49 · Cited by 6
LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES ACROSS TIME
Divita, D. (2013) · Critical Discourse Studies · doi:10.1080/17405904.2013.852985 · Cited by 4
“…speakers” that includes the negative residue’ of subordinating, racist stereotypes.2 In this sense, Mock Spanish constitutes a ‘covert racist discourse’ (Hill, 1999, p. 683) precisely because it elevates whiteness and subordinates a Spanish-speaking target group through its particular semiotic…”
BackgroundSemiotic Ideologies of Race: Racial Profiling and Retroduction
Lele, V. P. (2014) · Recherches sémiotiques · doi:10.7202/1027776ar · Cited by 4
“It has always been about what the colour of a person’s skin represents, and is thus a semiotic subject (see Hill 1998 : 681).”
BackgroundRoth‐Gordon, J., & Woronov, T. (2015) · Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) · doi:10.1075/prag.19.1.07rot · Cited by 5
The Role of Language in Ideological Construction of Mayan Identities in Guatemala
Choi, J.-S. (2002) · Cited by 4
Articulatory Play among American Cuers
Mirus, G. (2014) · Sign language studies · doi:10.1353/sls.2014.0005 · Cited by 4
Rebuilding Schools, Restoring Communities: A Vision of Urban Educational Evaluation
Hopson, R., Greene, J. C., Bledsoe, K. L., et al. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5199-9_47 · Cited by 4
“Similarly, this work was guided by the words of Stafford Hood (2001) who suggests that “to be responsive fundamentally means to attend substantively and politically to issues of culture and race in evaluation practice” (p.”
MethodViatori, M. (2016) · Anthropological Quarterly · doi:10.1353/anq.2016.0038 · Cited by 4
Postsocialism, Social Value, and Identity Politics among Albanians in Macedonia
Neofotistos, V. P. (2010) · Slavic Review · doi:10.1017/s003767790000989x · Cited by 4
Wang, H. (2019) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/0033688218815703 · Cited by 4
“Both Hill (1998) and Barrett (2006) have offered critiques of standardized English language as a form of whiteness and its impact on the marginalization of other languages and speakers.”
BackgroundLaughing in Spaces of Sameness: Disrupting the Seriousness of Critical Pedagogy
Hansen, S. (2012) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 4
Torres, A. (2006) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 4
Intersectional Spatial Politics
Long, J. (2022) · Nordic Journal of Social Research · doi:10.18261/njsr.13.1.3 · Cited by 3
Sprenger, A. (2024) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12445 · Cited by 3
How ethnic is ethnic humor? Theorizing a relationship between ethnic humor and identity
Takovski, A. (2025) · Humor - International Journal of Humor Research · doi:10.1515/humor-2024-0113 · Cited by 3
Chambers, E. (2020) · Journal of Language and Sexuality · doi:10.1075/jls.19020.cha · Cited by 3
Historicity, Interdiscursivity and Intertextuality in Discourse Studies
Fabrício, B. F., & Lopes, L. P. D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.005 · Cited by 5
The Discourses of Money and the Economy
Mooney, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.030 · Cited by 4
Christiansen, M. S., & Albadawi, E. B. (2021) · Educational linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79470-5_12 · Cited by 3
Besides Hegemonic Multilingualism
Thurlow, C. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003125839-15 · Cited by 3
Semiotic Disruption and Negotiations of Authenticity among Argentine Fans of Anglophone Media
Valentinsson, M.-C. (2022) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12355 · Cited by 3
Dosch, E. A., & Khrebtan-Hörhager, J. (2022) · Communication Culture and Critique · doi:10.1093/ccc/tcac049 · Cited by 4
Part IV Introduction: Language and Trump’s White Nationalist Strongman Politics
McIntosh, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.016 · Cited by 3
Angloscene: Compromised Personhood in Afro-Chinese Translations
Ke-Schutte, J. (2022) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/luminos.146 · Cited by 3
Borrowed words, mock language and nationalism in Canada
Vessey, R. (2014) · Language and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/14708477.2013.863905 · Cited by 3
“More specifically, two examples of borrowed words are compared and contrasted across languages and considered through the lens of ‘mock language’ (Hill, 1993, 1995a, 1995b, 1998) and with the methodological approach of crosslinguistic CADS (Gentil, 2013; Partington, Duguid, & Taylor, 2013, pp.…”
BackgroundDutchified English on Broadway
Brown, J. R. C. (2015) · American Speech · doi:10.1215/00031283-3324498 · Cited by 3
Nationalism without borders: Contradictory politics at a transborder European media organization
Stankiewicz, D. (2017) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.12565 · Cited by 3
Between Authority and Authenticity: English Use in Spanish-Language Commercials in the United States
Steeby, N. (2004) · doi:10.25810/dqk2-bb54 · Cited by 3
Lupe Vélez and her spicy visual “accent” in English-language print media
Hinojos, S. V. (2019) · Latino Studies · doi:10.1057/s41276-019-00194-y · Cited by 3
“…of speakers; therefore, marking the word “accent” is a constant reminder that “accents” are situational, lived in the imaginary, and linked to specific socializations that stratify bodies by the way people pronounce one word associating them with systems of power (Hill 1998; Zentella 2007, 2008).”
BackgroundBriggs, C. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.12056-2 · Cited by 3
Community Identity in "The Granada Pioneer"
Gebhard, J. P. S. (2015) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 3
Stone, T. A. (2019) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Responding to Misogyny, Reciprocating Hate Speech - South Korea's Online Feminism Movement: Megalia
Lee, W. (2020) · Cited by 3
Puterbaugh, B., & Medford, K. (2025) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.70027 · Cited by 4
Callahan, L. (2012) · Critical multilingualism studies · doi:10.2458/cms.6713 · Cited by 2
Putcha, R. S. (2022) · Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x21000400 · Cited by 2
Urciuoli, B. (2003) · The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology · doi:10.1525/jlat.2003.8.2.152 · Cited by 2
Lewis, T. (2022) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12596 · Cited by 3
White Language Supremacy in Course Descriptions
Davila, B. (2022) · College Composition and Communication · doi:10.58680/ccc202232013 · Cited by 3
Language Play is Language Variation: Quantitative Evidence and What it Implies About Language Change
Brook, M., & Blamire, E. (2023) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.2023.a907010 · Cited by 2
Settle for Biden: The scalar production of a normative presidential candidate on Instagram
Arnold‐Murray, K. (2024) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404524000356 · Cited by 2
Calling names: Humoring caste and caste‐ing humor
Joshi, B. (2024) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13984 · Cited by 2
Puterbaugh, B. (2025) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12692 · Cited by 2
Arizmendi, G. D. (2025) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00166 · Cited by 2
MacLochlainn, S. (2025) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-071923-112145 · Cited by 2
Vulnerability to Raciolinguistic Ideologies within the Language Teaching Profession
Tavares, V., & Melo‐Pfeifer, S. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192869203.013.41 · Cited by 3
Discourse and Narrative in Legal Settings: The Political Asylum Process
Shuman, A. E., & Bohmer, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.026 · Cited by 3
Introduction to Sociocultural Anthropology
Doda, Z. (2005) · Cited by 2
Limerick, N. (2010) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 2
Researching the Language of Race and Racism in Education
Martínez, D. C., & Martínez, R. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02329-8_37-1 · Cited by 2
Nissan, E. (2016) · Digital Scholarship in the Humanities · doi:10.1093/llc/fqw040 · Cited by 2
LeVine, P. S. (2014) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781473921917.n8 · Cited by 3
Language Crossing in Greater Cape Town: Narratives of Gang Assaults
Chariatte, N. (2017) · Multilingual education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49611-5_19 · Cited by 2
Junker, M.-O., Quinn, C. M., & Valentine, J. R. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.21 · Cited by 2
Szto, C. (2018) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 2
Kanji and non-homophonous furigana: Foreign language readings and character (stereo)types in manga
Redmond, R. C. (2019) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2019.100323 · Cited by 2
We Latin Americans Know a Messianic Autocrat When We See One
Mendoza‐Denton, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.019 · Cited by 2
“Get ’Em Out!”: The Meaning of Ejecting Protesters
Sidnell, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.004 · Cited by 2
Transnationalism, Globalization and Superdiversity
Goebel, Z. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.018 · Cited by 2
Sequence Organization: Understanding What Drives Talk
Hofstetter, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.007 · Cited by 4
Intersectionality, Affect and Discourse
Mortensen, K. K., & Milani, T. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195.020 · Cited by 4
“In the name(s) of the moon!”: ‘Japaneseness’ & Reader Identity in Two Translations of Sailor Moon
Sleeper, M., & Iskos, D. (2021) · The Journal of Anime and Manga Studies · doi:10.21900/j.jams.v2.825 · Cited by 2
Flynn, A. R. (2011) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Jane H.
- ORCID
- Hill, Jane H.
- Venue
- American Anthropologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 680-689
- ISSN
- 0002-7294 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-1433
- OpenAlex
- W1985344939
- Cited by
- 972
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 31.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Anthropologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Keywords
- African Americans, African American English, whiteness, indexicality, code-mixing, semiotics of language
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