The Neural Locus of Temporal Structure and Expectancies in Music: Evidence From Functional Neuroimaging At 3 Tesla
Open accessAbstract
The neuroanatomical correlates of temporal structure and expectancies in music were investigated using a unique stimulus manipulation involving scrambled music. The experiment compared brain responses (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) while participants listened to classical music and scrambled versions of that same music. The scrambled versions disrupted musical structure while holding low-level musical attributes constant, including such psychoacoustic parameters as pitch, loudness, and timbre. Comparing music to its scrambled counterpart, we found focal activation in the pars orbitalis region (Brodmann Area 47) of the left inferior frontal cortex, a region that has been previously closely associated with the processing of linguistic structure in spoken and signed language, and additional activation in the right hemisphere homologue of that area. We speculate that this particular region of inferior frontal cortex may be more generally responsible for processing fine-structured stimuli that evolve over time, not merely those that are linguistic.
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It is difficult to argue that the left inferior frontal gyrus supports general structural processing of complex stimuli that unfold over time.
“making it difficult to argue that this region supports general structural processing of complex stimuli that unfold over time (9, 20, 21).”
From Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Levitin and Menon (2003), including new data, and is done so with permission of Elsevier, Inc.
- Evan Balaban, Caroline Drake, Rich Ivry, Mari Riess Jones, Björn Merker, Ani Patel, Michael Posner, Susan Rogers, and William Forde Thompson. We also thank Ben Krasnow and Anne Caclin for assistance with data acquisition, Caroline Traube and Malcolm Slaney for programming the scrambler, and Michael Brook for his assistance in preparing pilot stimuli. Portions of this work were presented at the meeting of the Society for Music Perception and Cognition, Las Vegas, NV, June 2003, the Biannual Rhythm Perception & Production Workshop, Isle de Tatihou, France, June 2003, and the Meeting on the Neural Representation and Processing of Temporal Patterns Meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Research Laboratory, Long Island, New York, December 2003.
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- Authors
- Levitin, D. J., & Menon, V.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Music Perception
- Publisher
- University of California Press
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 563-575
- ISSN
- 0730-7829 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-8312
- OpenAlex
- W2095313760
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- music perception, temporal structure of music, musical expectation, pars orbitalis, inferior frontal cortex, hemispheric lateralization, classical music
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