Musical structure is processed in “language” areas of the brain: a possible role for Brodmann Area 47 in temporal coherence

Levitin, D

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.016

Cited by 348Neuroscience and Music PerceptionNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismTactile and Sensory Interactions

Musical structure is processed in “language” areas of the brain: a possible role for Brodmann Area 47 in temporal coherence

Levitin, D·2003·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.016

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Abstract

The neuroanatomical correlates of musical structure were investigated using functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI) and a unique stimulus manipulation involving scrambled music. The experiment compared brain responses while participants listened to classical music and scrambled versions of that same music. Specifically, the scrambled versions disrupted musical structure while holding low-level musical attributes constant, including the psychoacoustic features of the music such as pitch, loudness, and timbre. Comparing music to its scrambled counterpart, we found focal activation in the pars orbitalis region (Brodmann Area 47) of the left inferior frontal cortex, a region that has been previously closely associated with the processing of linguistic structure in spoken and signed language, and its right hemisphere homologue. We speculate that this particular region of inferior frontal cortex may be more generally responsible for processing fine-structured stimuli that evolve over time, not merely those that are linguistic.

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It is difficult to argue that the left inferior frontal gyrus supports general structural processing of complex stimuli that unfold over time.
“making it difficult to argue that this region supports general structural processing of complex stimuli that unfold over time (9, 20, 21).”
From Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
The neuroimaging claims are based largely on observations of activation for a nonlanguage task in or near a general brain region previously implicated in language, without a direct demonstration of overlap of linguistic and nonlinguistic activations in the same subjects.
“However, the neuroimaging claims are based largely on observations of activation for a nonlanguage task in or near a general brain region previously implicated in language (e.g., Broca's area), without a direct demonstration of overlap of linguistic and nonlinguistic activations in the same subjects.”
From Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain (2011) · cites this paper as [9]

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“Levitin & Menon (2003) have suggested that BA47 may be more generally responsible for processing fi ne-structured stimuli that evolve over time, not merely those that are linguistic.”

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Authors: Levitin, D.
Affiliations: McGill University (CA)
Corresponding author: Levitin, D
ORCID: Levitin, D
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-12
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 2142-2152
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.016
OpenAlex: W1969900874
Cited by: 348
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 4.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH62430, R03MH062430)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K25HD040761, HD40761)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Keywords: musical structure, pars orbitalis, inferior frontal cortex, temporal coherence, music perception, left hemisphere
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language, Functional Laterality, Loudness Perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Music, Oxygen, Pitch Perception

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Musical structure is processed in “language” areas of the brain: a possible role for Brodmann Area 47 in temporal coherence

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