Language and thought are not the same thing: evidence from neuroimaging and neurological patients: Language versus thought

Fedorenko, Evelina; Varley, Rosemary

doi:10.1111/nyas.13046

Cited by 247Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismCategorization, perception, and languageHemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience

Language and thought are not the same thing: evidence from neuroimaging and neurological patients: Language versus thought

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Fedorenko, Evelina, Varley, Rosemary·2016·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1111/nyas.13046PMC PMC4874898

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Abstract

Is thought possible without language? Individuals with global aphasia, who have almost no ability to understand or produce language, provide a powerful opportunity to find out. Surprisingly, despite their near-total loss of language, these individuals are nonetheless able to add and subtract, solve logic problems, think about another person's thoughts, appreciate music, and successfully navigate their environments. Further, neuroimaging studies show that healthy adults strongly engage the brain's language areas when they understand a sentence, but not when they perform other nonlinguistic tasks such as arithmetic, storing information in working memory, inhibiting prepotent responses, or listening to music. Together, these two complementary lines of evidence provide a clear answer: many aspects of thought engage distinct brain regions from, and do not depend on, language.

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Despite nearly complete loss of linguistic abilities, individuals with severe aphasia can have intact non-linguistic cognitive abilities: they can play chess, solve arithmetic problems, leverage world knowledge, reason about cause and effect, and navigate complex social situations.
“However, despite the nearly complete loss of linguistic abilities, individuals with severe aphasia can have intact non-linguistic cognitive abilities: they can play chess, solve arithmetic problems, leverage their world knowledge to perform diverse tasks, reason about cause and effect, and navigate complex social situations [49].”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
The human language network is sensitive to abstract hierarchical rules across isolated phrases, naturalistic narratives, and syntactically well-formed but semantically empty stimuli.
“it is sensitive to abstract hierarchical rules in isolated phrases and sentences [31, 108, 109, 110], in naturalistic narratives [111, 112, 113, 114], and in syntactically well-formed but semantically empty (”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [49]

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Authors: Fedorenko, E., & Varley, R.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Fedorenko, Evelina
ORCID: Fedorenko, Evelina
Varley, Rosemary
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-04
Volume: 1369
Issue: 1
Pages: 132-153
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13046
PMC: PMC4874898
OpenAlex: W2341101865
Cited by: 247
References: 289
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 1.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: NICHD Award (R00 HD-057522)
AHRC “Language in Mental Health” Award (AH/L004070/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
Keywords: language and thought, global aphasia, arithmetic, working memory, inhibitory control, music perception, theory of mind, language areas, neuroimaging of language, neurological patients
MeSH terms: Aphasia, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Language, Thinking, Functional Neuroimaging

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Language and thought are not the same thing: evidence from neuroimaging and neurological patients: Language versus thought

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