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Cited by 63Ovarian function and disordersVitamin D Research StudiesHormonal and reproductive studies

Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review

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Trummer, Christian, Pilz, Stefan, Schwetz, Verena, Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara, Lerchbaum, Elisabeth·2018·Endocrine Connections
DOI 10.1530/ec-18-0009PMC PMC5854850
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Abstract

Background: Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system in both genders. Aim: The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the effects of vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and androgen metabolism in men. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed for relevant English language publications published from January 2012 until September 2017. Results and discussion: The vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. In women, vitamin D status has been associated with several features of PCOS. In detail, cross-sectional data suggest a regulatory role of vitamin D in PCOS-related aspects such as ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance as well as hyperandrogenism. Moreover, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for metabolic, endocrine and fertility aspects in PCOS. In men, vitamin D status has been associated with androgen levels and hypogonadism. Further, there is some evidence for a favorable effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone concentrations, although others failed to show a significant effect on testosterone levels. Conclusion: In summary, vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse fertility outcomes including PCOS and hypogonadism, but the evidence is insufficient to establish causality. High-quality RCTs are needed to further evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women as well as on androgen levels in men.

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  • Randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation and testosterone status have consistently shown no statistically significant effect of vitamin D versus placebo on testosterone levels.

    “data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation and testosterone status have consistently shown no statistically significant effect of vitamin D vs. placebo regarding testosterone levels [16].”

    From Effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgens in men with low testosterone levels: a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [16]

    The Intervention studies section reports no significant vitamin D effect in several RCTs, including the Graz Vitamin D&TT-RCT. But it also reports an RCT with increased testosterone after supplementation, notes that this study did not test between-group differences, and concludes that RCT results are conflicting. The claim that trials have consistently shown no significant effect versus placebo therefore overstates the review. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Previous observational studies found an inverse association of 25(OH)D and SHBG levels.

    “In this context, it should also be noted that previous observational studies found an inverse association of 25(OH)D and SHBG levels [16, 24].”

    From Effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgens in men with low testosterone levels: a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Observational studies have mostly shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with low testosterone concentrations.

    “Observational studies have, by the majority, shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with low testosterone concentrations [16].”

    From Effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgens in men with low testosterone levels: a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [16]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Trummer, C., Pilz, S., Schwetz, V., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., & Lerchbaum, E.
Affiliations
Medical University of Graz (AT)
Corresponding author
Lerchbaum, Elisabeth
ORCID
Venue
Endocrine Connections
Publisher
Bioscientifica
Published
2018-03
Volume
7
Issue
3
Pages
R95-R113
ISSN
2049-3614 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1530/ec-18-0009
PMC
PMC5854850
OpenAlex
W2788914315
Cited by
63
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5
FWCI
1.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Endocrine Connections (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Austrian Science Fund
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
vitamin D, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen metabolism, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D supplementation, hypogonadism, testosterone, insulin resistance, ovulatory dysfunction, male infertility, vitamin D deficiency

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