Serum Vitamin D Levels and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may be associated with metabolic and endocrine disorders in PCOS. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the associations of serum vitamin D levels with metabolic and endocrine dysregulations in women with PCOS, and to determine effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic and hormonal functions in PCOS patients. The literature search was undertaken through five databases until 16 January 2015 for both observational and experimental studies concerning relationships between vitamin D and PCOS. A total of 366 citations were identified, of which 30 were selected (n = 3182). We found that lower serum vitamin D levels were related to metabolic and hormonal disorders in women with PCOS. Specifically, PCOS patients with VDD were more likely to have dysglycemia (e.g., increased levels of fasting glucose and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)) compared to those without VDD. This meta-analysis found no evidence that vitamin D supplementation reduced or mitigated metabolic and hormonal dysregulations in PCOS. VDD may be a comorbid manifestation of PCOS or a minor pathway in PCOS associated metabolic and hormonal dysregulation. Future prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials with repeated VDD assessment and better characterization of PCOS disease severity at enrollment are needed to clarify whether VDD is a co-determinant of hormonal and metabolic dysregulations in PCOS, represents a consequence of hormonal and metabolic dysregulations in PCOS or both.
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The occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is strongly dependent on the current hormonal state of patients.
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- Authors
- He, C., Lin, Z., Robb, S., & Ezeamama, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Kansas State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ezeamama, Amara
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-06-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 4555-4577
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4488802
- OpenAlex
- W1608070738
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D deficiency, serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplementation, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, metabolic dysfunction, hormonal dysregulation, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Vitamin D, Databases, Factual, Dietary Supplements, Metabolic Syndrome, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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