Allopregnanolone concentrations and premenstrual syndrome
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate basal allopregnanolone and progesterone in both phases of the menstrual cycle in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and their response to a GnRH test. DESIGN: We selected 56 women (28 patients with PMS and 28 controls) aged between 18 and 32 years. Blood samples were drawn in both follicular and phases. Twenty-eight women (14 patients with PMS and 14 controls) underwent a GnRH test in the luteal phase. METHODS: We evaluated allopregnanolone by RIA, using a specific antibody. Serum progesterone and oestradiol were determined using a commercially available RIA kit. RESULTS: Luteal phase allopregnanolone concentrations were significantly lower in patients with PMS than in controls. Progesterone concentrations were significantly lower in patients with PMS in both the follicular and the luteal phase. Serum oestradiol concentrations were in the normal range in both groups of women, although slightly greater in those with PMS. Allopregnanolone and progesterone responses to a GnRH test were significantly blunted in women with PMS. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished concentrations of allopregnanolone and progesterone, its precursor, and a blunted response to the GnRH test lead us to hypothesise that patients with PMS may suffer from an inadequate production of ovarian neuroactive steroids, especially in the luteal phase. This would lead to an impaired anxiolytic GABA(A)-mediated response in stressful physiological and psychological conditions, and may in part explain various psychoneuroendocrine symptoms that arise during PMS.
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An altered sex hormone profile in PMDD has been reported, with lower progesterone levels and decreased allopregnanolone during the luteal phase in patients compared with controls.
“An altered sex hormone profile in PMDD has been reported, with lower progesterone levels found in patients compared to controls [93, 94] as well as decreased levels of the anxiolytic progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone during the LP in patients [94, 95].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Monteleone, P., Luisi, S., Tonetti, A., Bernardi, F., Genazzani, A., Luisi, M., Petraglia, F., & Genazzani, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Genazzani, AR
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-03-01
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 269-273
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2119460554
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 14.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- allopregnanolone, premenstrual syndrome, progesterone, GnRH stimulation test, luteal phase, neurosteroids, ovarian steroidogenesis, estradiol, menstrual cycle
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Estradiol, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Luteal Phase, Menstrual Cycle, Pregnanolone, Premenstrual Syndrome, Progesterone, Radioimmunoassay, Case-Control Studies
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