Cited by 242Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and MetabolismCardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

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Interplay between the immune system and adipose tissue in obesity

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Exley, Mark A, Hand, Laura, O'Shea, Donal, Lynch, Lydia·2014·Journal of Endocrinology

DOI 10.1530/joe-13-0516

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Abstract

Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease, with white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation emerging as a key underlying pathology. Alongside its major role in energy storage, WAT is an important endocrine organ, producing many bioactive molecules, termed adipokines, which not only serve as regulators of systemic metabolism, but also possess immunoregulatory properties. Furthermore, WAT contains a unique immune cell repertoire, including an accumulation of leukocytes that are rare in other locations. These include alternatively activated macrophages, invariant natural killer T cells, and regulatory T cells. Disruption of resident adipose leukocyte homeostasis contributes to obesity-associated inflammation and consequent metabolic disorder. Despite many recent advances in this new field of immuno-metabolism, fundamental questions of why and how inflammation arises as obesity develops are not yet fully understood. Exploring the distinct immune system of adipose tissue is fundamental to our understanding of the endocrine as well as immune systems. In this review, we discuss the roles of adipose tissue leukocytes in the transition to obesity and progression of inflammation and highlight potential anti-inflammatory therapies for combating obesity-related pathology.

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Authors: Exley, M. A., Hand, L., O'Shea, D., & Lynch, L.
Affiliations: University College Dublin (IE)
ORCID: Exley, Mark A
O'Shea, Donal
Lynch, Lydia
Venue: Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher: Bioscientifica
Published: 2014-09-16
Volume: 223
Issue: 2
Pages: R41-R48
ISSN: 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
1479-6805
DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0516
OpenAlex: W2145456795
Cited by: 242
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 35
FWCI: 3.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (P01CA017094, CA017094)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Keywords: obesity, white adipose tissue, adipose tissue inflammation, adipokines, M2 macrophages, invariant natural killer T cells, regulatory T cells, metabolic disorders, anti-inflammatory therapy
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Eosinophils, Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Obesity

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Interplay between the immune system and adipose tissue in obesity

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