The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 26 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT
Open accessAbstract
To evaluate the effect of a clinic-based screening and referral system (WE CARE) on families' receipt of community-based resources for unmet basic needs.
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Claims the paper makes
23 Own method · 12 Own result · 10 No full text of the sources · 8 Own interpretation · 2 Not checked yet · 2 No basis given · 1 Supported · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no effect modification on any outcome measure by study wave or maternal depression.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WE CARE children had greater odds of being in child care (aOR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-26.0).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“WE CARE children had greater odds of being enrolled in a child care (aOR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-26.0)”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For each type of need, WE CARE mothers had significantly greater adjusted odds of receiving a referral (Table 3).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the 12-month visit, more WE CARE mothers had enrolled in a new community resource (39% vs 24%; aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“At the 12-month well child care visit, more WE CARE mothers had enrolled in $1 new resource (39% vs 24%; aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WE CARE mothers had greater odds of being employed (aOR = 44.4;95% CI, 9.8-201.4).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“WE CARE mothers had greater odds of being employed or enrolled in a job training program (aOR = 44.4;95% CI, 9.8-201.4)”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NNT for WE CARE to result in a mother receiving a referral to community-based resources was 1.6; the NNT for families to enroll in a resource was 6.7.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At 9-month follow-up, more WE CARE mothers had contacted a community resource than control mothers (65% vs 49%; aOR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More WE CARE mothers received $1 referral at the index visit (70% vs 8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 29.6;95% confidence interval [CI], 14.7-59.6).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“More WE CARE mothers received $1 referral at the index visit than control mothers (70% vs 8%; aOR = 29.6;95% CI, 14.7-59.6).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WE CARE families had greater odds of receiving fuel assistance (aOR = 11.9;95% CI, 1.7-82.9)”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NNT for WE CARE to result in a mother receiving a referral to community-based resources was 1.6; the NNT for families to enroll in a resource was 6.7.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 25
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Within the Children's HealthWatch survey, food insecurity is assessed on the 18-item US Food Security Scale, a valid and reliable instrument with established clinical cutoffs.23,25”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Data
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Frank, 2010, Cumulative hardship and wellness of low-income, young children: multisite surveillance study., Pediatrics source
- Partly supportedcites [25] Cook, 2006, Child food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children’s health., J Nutr sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper describes the US Food Security Scale as an 18-question instrument and says the study derived food-security status from it using established procedures (Methods; Exposure variable, page not provided). It does not establish that the scale is valid and reliable or that its classification thresholds are clinical cutoffs. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“There is nearly universal agreement in the scientific and public health communities that social determinants, 1 the circumstances in which people live and work, affect health. 1”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [1] Marmot, 2006 source
The Abstract says social factors are at the root of many health inequalities. Panel 2, “The solid facts,” states directly that the circumstances in which people live and work matter for both communicable and non-communicable disease. (LLM, conf=0.93)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More than 90% of subjects reported $1 unmet basic need at baseline, 68% reported $2 needs, and 39% reported $3 needs.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, 42% of WE CARE mothers received $2 referrals at the visit; 21% received $3 referrals.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most common need was unemployment (57%), followed by housing instability (43%) (Table 2).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This scale consists of 8 questions; a score of .10 has an 88% sensitivity and 88% specificity for major depressive episode.26”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Data
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] Kroenke, 2009, The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population., J Affect Disord source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Children raised in poverty experience poorer health than children from more advantaged backgrounds and commonly face unmet basic needs such as food security, stable housing, or an adequately heated home. [3][4][5][6][7][8]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Aber, 1997, The effects of poverty on child health and development., Annu Rev Public Health source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Duncan, 1997
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Brooks-Gunn, 1997, The effects of poverty on children., Future Child source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we obtained follow-up data for 271 participants (81%) (Fig 1).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Referrals, Contact, and Enrollment
plainn = 271- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, addressing the social determinants of child health in the clinical setting is currently more of a moral imperative than it is an evidence-based practice.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initial contact was assessed in both study arms by a brief structured telephone interview performed by a masked research assistant when the infant was 9 months of age.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Study Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We estimated that each study arm would need 168 mothers to detect an absolute difference of 15% in the overall enrollment in resources assuming equal cluster sizes, an intraclass correlation of .01,an enrollment rate of 5% in the control group, statistical power of 80%, 2-tailed a of .05,and a 15% loss to follow-up.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Numerous American Academy of Pediatrics policy statements and Bright Futures health supervision guidelines support this view and have been published in an effort to reinforce this practice.[13][14][15][16][17]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2002, The medical home., Pediatrics
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Schor, 2003, Family pediatrics: report of the Task Force on the Family., Pediatrics
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Community Pediatrics, 2013, . Community pediatrics: navigating the intersection of medicine, public health, and social determinant of children’s health., Pediatrics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, because of a lack of previous studies, we overestimated our adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient effect.This adjustment resulted in our ability to detect smaller between-group differences than we originally anticipated.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no differences in age, gender, clinician type (pediatrician, nurse practitioner), or years in practice between intervention and control arm clinicians (data not shown).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We relied on maternal self-report to measure our outcomes, which may have introduced social desirability and recall biases.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“our previous work found that visit time was marginally increased.19”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Participants and Enrollment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To assess potential confounding, we examined group differences between sociodemographic variables and basic needs at baseline.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“All Children's HealthWatch questions are internally validated, and a composite Children's HealthWatch measure of cumulative hardships combining food, housing, and energy insecurity has previously been correlated with children's health status, developmental concerns, and a composite child wellness indicator.23”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Data
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Frank, 2010, Cumulative hardship and wellness of low-income, young children: multisite surveillance study., Pediatrics source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Community-based resources may be more available in Boston than in other locations.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Because we did not find any meaningful confounding, and per Murray and Blistein's 35 suggested method, we chose covariates (race, marital status, and maternal employment) that reduced the intraclass correlation effect for our regression models.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Murray and Blistein's 35
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To determine enrollment, 2 different study team members reviewed the questionnaires, with the primary reviewer being masked.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Study Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The WE CARE clinical screening instrument was adapted from a larger family psychosocial screening instrument with test-retest reliability of .92. 19”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WE CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An intention-to-treat approach was used to compare intervention and control groups on study outcomes.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We excluded preterm infants and infants with special health care needs because such infants are often engaged with other services (eg, Early Intervention) and could be expected to benefit from WE CARE differently from healthy infants in terms of our outcome measures.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Participants and Enrollment
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was conducted at CHCs, which may limit its generalizability.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Silverstein et al 41 demonstrated that a computer-generated clinic-based referral system increased enrollment of low-income children in Head Start.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [41] Silverstein, 2004, Effect of a clinic-based referral system to head start: a randomized controlled trial., JAMA source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We tested effect modification by enrollment wave and maternal depression by entering interaction terms into the regression models.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Wyliet al 42 demonstrated the impact that a Web-based screening and referral system has on the identification of social needs in adolescents.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [42] Wylie, 2012, Assessing and referring adolescents’ health-related social problems: qualitative evaluation of a novel web-based approach., J Telemed Telecare source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was approved by the Boston University Medical Center Institutional Review Board and registered on clinicaltrials.gov(NCT01303458).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Study Design and Setting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, for all outcome measures collected after the index visit, we adjusted the models for duration of follow-up time.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A previous study by our group demonstrated that a similar system can lead to more discussion and referrals for family psychosocial problems by pediatric trainees.19”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We view our results as more of a proof of principle than evidence of a specific program.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“For decades, leaders in the field of pediatrics have argued that addressing a child's social needs falls within the purview of the child health provider.[9][10][11][12]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Haggerty, 1975 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Zuckerman, 1995, Preventive pediatrics—new models of providing needed health services., Pediatrics source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Wood, 2003, Effect of child and family poverty on child health in the United States., Pediatrics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“We decided to screen for these needs because of their high prevalence among urban families, 19,27 the public availability of community resources designed to address them, and previous research demonstrating the association of these needs with negative child outcomes.23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WE CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] Garg, 2009, Screening for basic social needs at a medical home for low-income children., Clin Pediatr (Phila) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Frank, 2010, Cumulative hardship and wellness of low-income, young children: multisite surveillance study., Pediatrics source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
There were no systematic biases in receipt of city-wide early childhood and home visitation programs between study groups.
“However, we are not aware of any systematic biases in receipt of these programs, which probably would have exerted a conservative bias.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Screening practices for social drivers of health, such as FI, are often limited in the clinical setting because of insufficient time, inadequate training, lack of resources, and sensitivity of questions [26].”
From Food Insecurity Screening and Referral Practices of Pediatric Clinicians in Metropolitan Washington, DC (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies of referral-based interventions reported moderate increases in patient food program referrals (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.36-0.98; SMD = 1.42, 95% CI, 0.76-2.08)”
From Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“One study found only modest effects of a waiting room-based intervention on patient enrollment in food-related resources (Table 2). 22”
From Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Rates of patients receiving referrals as a result of the intervention ranged from 30% to 75% (Table 2). 16,22,27,29,35,40”
From Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“the evidence supporting the different components of this pathway is not yet robust.”
From Revising the logic model behind health care's social care investments (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| ,$40 000 | 260 (79) | 134 (81) | 126 (75) | | $$40 000 | 72 (22) | 32 (19) | 40 (24) |”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > CONCLUSIONS
Reported 79 · recomputed 77.380952
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Non-Hispanic .1 race | 16 (4) | 12 (7) | 4 (3) |”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > CONCLUSIONS
Reported 4 · recomputed 4.761905
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
“per Murray and Blistein's 35 suggested method”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > References
“34. Murray DM, Blistein JL. Methods to reduce the impact of intraclass correlation in group-randomized trials. Eval Rev. 2003;27(1):79-103”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 622
Reuland, C. P., Collins, J. C., Chiang, L. C., et al. (2020) · BMJ Innovations · doi:10.1136/bmjinnov-2020-000452 · Cited by 11
Loo, S. S., Brochier, A., Wexler, M. G., Long, K. A., Kavanagh, P. L., Garg, A., & Drainoni, M. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-06055-y · Cited by 11
“Such interventions have been shown to increase caregiver enrollment in community-based resources within pediatric primary care [8].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchipper, M. C., Manshanden, A., Philippe, K., Ferré, N., Luque, V., Lecorguillé, M., Aubert, A. M., Guerlich, K., Gal, C. L., Feher, S., et al. (2025) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.70060 · Cited by 12
“Practical strategies may include integrating screening tools to identify social needs, such as the WE CARE survey and PREPARE screening tool [107, 108], incorporating referral systems into electronic health records to connect families directly with local services such as food banks, housing…”
Zhu, M., Arinze, N. V., de la Vega, P. B., et al. (2023) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2023.10.026 · Cited by 10
Patel, M. R., Zhang, G., Heisler, M., Piette, J. D., Resnicow, K., Choe, H. M., Shi, X., & Song, P. X. ‐. (2024) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-024-08708-8 · Cited by 12
Evaluating the Impact of a Pediatric Inpatient Social Care Program in a Community Hospital
Leary, J. C., Bagley, H., Chan, I. T., Coates, J. L., Foote, A. M., Murzycki, J. E., Perkins, T. A., Landrigan, C. P., Freund, K. M., & Garg, A. (2024) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2023-007487 · Cited by 10
Self-citationOblath, R., Dayal, R. R., Loubeau, J. K., Lejeune, J., Sikov, J., Savage, M., Posse, C., Jain, S., Zolli, N., Baul, T. D., et al. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00712-4 · Cited by 11
“Pediatric primary care and mental health providers may be able to initiate support for families by using screening and referral programs (e.g., WE CARE [20]) and partnering with community organizations to connect families in need of care.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHealth-Related Social Needs Screening and Referral in Pediatric Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Petts, R. A., Baskin, T., Basiru, T., Ippolito, S., Rothwell-Termotto, H., & Shahidullah, J. D. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.05.012 · Cited by 11
Sonenklar, M., Marks, S. J., Donald, C., Valrie, C. R., Smith, W. R., & Sisler, I. Y. (2024) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31478 · Cited by 10
“This questionnaire has been validated in Boston Medical Center (BMC)’s pediatric primary care network and shown to be an effective way of gathering information about unmet social needs in pediatric sickle cell clinics as well [20, 21].”
Timing and Persistence of Material Hardship Among Children in the United States
Campbell, C., O’Brien, G., & Tumin, D. (2022) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03448-9 · Cited by 17
Long, K. A., Blakey, A. O., Amaro, C. M., Eilenberg, J. S., Brochier, A., Garg, A., Drainoni, M., Pashankar, F., Esrick, E. B., & Kavanagh, P. L. (2023) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.30539 · Cited by 11
Self-citationAcute Health Care Utilization among Food-insecure Children in Primary Care Practices
Palakshappa, D., Khan, S. M., Feudtner, C., & Fiks, A. G. (2016) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2016.0127 · Cited by 11
Determining Food-Insecure Families' Resource Access with Health System and Public Data
Palakshappa, D., Strane, D., Griffis, H. M., & Fiks, A. G. (2019) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2019.0020 · Cited by 10
Medicaid and CHIP Child Health Beneficiary Incentives: Program Landscape and Stakeholder Insights
Moseley, C. A., Vulimiri, M., Saunders, R. S., Bleser, W. K., Perrin, E. M., Armstrong, S., Wang, G. X., Ubel, P. A., McClellan, M., & Wong, C. A. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3161 · Cited by 10
Tatum, K. L., Valenzuela, J. M., Amirniroumand, R., & Brochu, P. M. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13003 · Cited by 16
Are acute care settings amenable to addressing patient social needs: A sub-group analysis
Gottlieb, L., Hessler, D., Long, D., Laves, E., Burns, A., Amaya, A., Schudel, C., Sweeney, P., & Adler, N. (2018) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.03.034 · Cited by 9
Hamill, L., Kearns, A., Doig, L., Hesse, M., Frederick, D., Purcell, A. A., & Woolfenden, S. R. (2022) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2022.2134456 · Cited by 8
“This pilot study demonstrates lower rates of unmet social needs identification (9%), yet higher rates of onwards referrals (84%), compared to recent studies that report rates of 20-68% and 43-70% respectively (Berger-Jenkins et al., 2019; Fiori et al., 2020; Garg et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialIntegrating social care into gynecologic oncology: Identifying and addressing patient's social needs
Cotangco, K., Pineda, E., Hingarh, V., Nyakudarika, N. C., Cohen, J. G., & Holschneider, C. H. (2023) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.11.001 · Cited by 9
Griesemer, I., Palmer, J. A., MacLaren, R. Z., Harvey, K. L. L., Li, M., Garikipati, A., Linsky, A. M., Mohr, D. C., & Gurewich, D. A. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08530-8 · Cited by 9
Jaboyedoff, M., Starvaggi, C. A., Surı́s, J.-C., et al. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-10348-3 · Cited by 9
“Randomized controlled trials showed that systematic screening and referral for social determinants during well-child visits and urgent-care could decrease social needs and improve receipt of community resources and parent-reported child health [43, 44].”
BackgroundGordon, L., Hastry, M., Bate, A., Gordon, K., Greaves, E., Dimitriadou, S., Rapley, T., & Basu, A. P. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12329-0 · Cited by 11
Hill, S., Topel, K., Li, X., & Solomon, B. S. (2022) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2022.05.012 · Cited by 10
Palinkas, L. A., Belanger, R., Newton, S., Saldana, L., Landsverk, J. A., & Dubowitz, H. (2023) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2023.06.024 · Cited by 9
LeLaurin, J. H., Cruz, J. D. L., Theis, R. P., Thompson, L. A., Lee, J., Shenkman, E. A., & Salloum, R. G. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2023.585 · Cited by 10
Wadhwani, S. I., Kruse, G. R., Squires, J. E., Ebel, N. H., Gupta, N. A., Campbell, K. M., Hsu, E. K., Zielsdorf, S. M., Vittorio, J., Desai, D. M., et al. (2023) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000004835 · Cited by 9
“9,12,13 This study is the first to evaluate caregiver perceptions of social risk screening, specifically in pediatric LT clinics.”
BackgroundLingam, R., Hu, N., Cecil, E. V., Forman, J., Newham, J. J., Satherley, R., Bori, M. S., Cousens, S. N., Fox-Rushby, J. A., & Wolfe, I. (2024) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326766 · Cited by 10
“15 16 Social determinants have been long recognised as a major cause for health inequity and child health morbidity globally.”
BackgroundSlopen, N. B., & Williams, D. R. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942000173x · Cited by 9
Roberts, W., Ji, K. E., Martinez, J., & Uwemedimo, O. T. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.29328/journal.japch.1001036 · Cited by 8
Concordance in Adolescent and Caregiver Report of Social Determinants of Health
Sokol, R. L., Clift, J., Martínez, J. J., Goodwin, B., Rusnak, C., & Garza, L. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.004 · Cited by 10
Housing and Food Insecurity, Health Literacy, and Maladaptive Coping Behaviors
Joseph, P. L., Applewhite, J., & Fleary, S. A. (2022) · HLRP Health Literacy Research and Practice · doi:10.3928/24748307-20221019-01 · Cited by 8
“…for SDH-related stressors at pediatric well visits has also been effective in helping families access resources to address their social needs (Garg et al., 2015; TA B LE 5 Lo g is ti c R eg re ss io n s o f F o o d In se cu ri ty , H ea lt h L it er ac y D o m ai n , a n d th e In te ra ct…”
BackgroundExploring family and social context through the electronic health record: Physicians’ experiences.
Kotay, A., Huang, J. L., Jordan, W. B., & Korin, E. C. (2016) · Families Systems & Health · doi:10.1037/fsh0000190 · Cited by 12
Hall, T. L., Knierim, K. E., Nease, D. E., Staton, E. W., Nkouaga, C., Dickinson, L. M., Rhyne, R. L., & Dickinson, W. P. (2019) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2019.04.180361 · Cited by 8
“This is consistent with previous studies indicating that patient engagement, routine assessment of social determinants, and connection to community resources remain relatively uncommon.(41,42) These findings Table 3.”
ResultIjadi‐Maghsoodi, R., Feller, S. C., Ryan, G. W., Altman, L., Washington, D. L., Kataoka, S., & Gelberg, L. (2021) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2021.02.200331 · Cited by 8
Feasibility of implementing systematic social needs assessment for children with medical complexity
Ming, D. Y., Jones, K. A., Sainz, E., Tkach, H., Stewart, A., Cram, A., Morreale, M. C., Dizon, S., & deJong, N. A. (2021) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-021-00237-3 · Cited by 9
“While positive clinical trials of social needs screening and intervention have been conducted at primary care sites with previously healthy children [12, 16, 17], there has been little published evidence to-date about adaptation of these programs to the care of CMC.”
BackgroundTablazon, I. L. D., Palakshappa, D., O'Brian, F. C., Ramirez, B., Skelton, J. A., Albertini, L. W., & Montez, K. G. (2021) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.07.025 · Cited by 8
Promoting optimal mental health outcomes for children and youth
Arruda, W., Bélanger, S. A., Cohen, J. S., Hrycko, S., Kawamura, A. A., Lane, M., Patriquin, M. J., & Korczak, D. J. (2023) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxad032 · Cited by 10
Perinatal interventions to prevent Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): A scoping review
Kinsey, J., Charite, J. L., Russ, S. A., & Schickedanz, A. B. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307441 · Cited by 9
Acholonu, R. G., & Raphael, J. L. (2022) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20220215-01 · Cited by 7
Wahi, G., Marjerrison, S., Gutierrez, C. A., Krasevich, K., Morrison, K. M., & Thabane, L. (2022) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01080-6 · Cited by 6
“This opportunity is reinforced by the availability of tools to screen for social risk among pediatric patients and families [2, 7], local resources that provide communitylevel information to help guide clinician referrals to community resources [3, 16, 17], and existing models of successful navigation interventions in…”
BackgroundAccuracy of a Single Financial Security Question to Screen for Social Needs
Hanmer, J., Ray, K. N., Schweiberger, K. A., Berkowitz, S. A., & Palakshappa, D. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-062555 · Cited by 8
Improving food insecurity screening across a health system throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Kroese, L., Lobo, K., Meyer, M., Tate, J., Mays, M., Adye, R., Qureshi, H., Al-Shammaa, B., Brito, A. V., Seo-Mayer, P., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002462 · Cited by 8
Social Needs Screening Via Electronic Tablet in Pediatric Primary Care
Gorecki, M. C., Klein, M. D., Anyigbo, C., Beck, A. F., Henize, A. W., Ehrlich, S. R., MacDougall, M. C., & Burkhardt, M. C. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-065918 · Cited by 9
Impact of an Inpatient Social Needs Screening Program: Did Our Referral Resolve Your Need?
Lax, Y., Pacheco, A., Yost, E., Mathai, M., Silver, M. P., Vasan, A., & Coria, A. L. (2024) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2024-007895 · Cited by 8
Bird, C., Harper, L., Muslim, S., Yates, D., & Litchfield, I. J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22508-7 · Cited by 11
“They were identified via bespoke screening tools [48, 49], through their existing or previous use of social care or support [43], and an actual or proxy measure of low-income or deprivation [44–46].”
InfluentialUtilization of Patient Navigators in an Urban Academic Pediatric Primary Care Practice
Sprecher, E., Conroy, K., Chan, J., et al. (2018) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922818759318 · Cited by 8
“With the rise of the patient-centered medical home, pediatric primary care practices have implemented innovative care models to assess and meet families’ social and financial needs.(18-20) However, the structure of diffuse and poorly coordinated care systems leaves gaps that vulnerable families are least equipped to f…”
BackgroundAdverse Childhood Experience and Social Risk: Pediatric Practice and Potential
Conn, A., Szilagyi, M. A., & Forkey, H. C. (2020) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2020.03.013 · Cited by 8
Factors Related to Providers Screening Children for Behavioral Health Risks in Primary Care Settings
Jones, L. M., Nolte, K., O'Brien, A. J., Trumbell, J. M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.014 · Cited by 8
Arbour, M., Fico, P., Atwood, S., & Sege, R. D. (2022) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2022.06.013 · Cited by 8
Patient Preferences for Discussing and Acting on Health-Related Needs in Primary Care
O'Loughlin, K. M., Shadowen, H. M., Haley, A. D., Gilbert, J., Kashiri, P. L., Webel, B., Huebschmann, A. G., & Krist, A. H. (2022) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319221115946 · Cited by 8
The role of pediatric networks in managing social health needs
Gunn, V. L., & Brixey, S. N. (2021) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2021.101066 · Cited by 8
Association between Unmet Social Need and Ambulatory Quality of Care for US Children
Geanacopoulos, A. T., Branley, C. E., Garg, A., Samuels‐Kalow, M. E., Gabbay, J. M., & Peltz, A. (2024) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2024.10.001 · Cited by 8
Self-citationMuleta, H., Fischer, L. K., Ali, Q., Menezes, S., Kim, N., Minkah-Premo, E., & Essel, K. D. (2024) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319241276780 · Cited by 7
“…risk and household FS. Existing literature supports that referrals from trusted healthcare providers increase participation in community programs, 51 families are interested in discussing diet-related health conditions with their child’s pediatrician 52 and prefer a multidisciplinary approach to…”
Okobi, O. E., Akahara, P. F., Nwachukwu, O. B., Egbuchua, T. O., Ajayi, O. O., Oranu, K. P., & Ibanga, I. U. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.45194 · Cited by 7
“In addition, further work is needed to optimize WCV, and research has suggested that a schedule with fewer visits may not have a detrimental effect on child health [29].”
BackgroundRacial differences in length of stay and readmission for asthma in the all of us research program
Correa-Agudelo, E., Gautam, Y., Mendy, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04826-9 · Cited by 7
“For example, exploring integration and the optimal use of the electronic health record to tailor clinical pathways and health interventions could help improve access and asthma care for groups at risk [40].”
BackgroundGaltieri, L. R., Perez, M. N., & Barakat, L. P. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae014 · Cited by 8
What Policies Advance Infants and Toddlers? Evidence to Inform State and Federal Options
Fuller, B. C., Bridges, M., & Land, A. (2020) · Child Policy Nexus · doi:10.1002/sop2.6 · Cited by 7
Caldwell, J. I., Shah-Patel, D., Cohen, D., Palimaru, A. I., & Kuo, T. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106297 · Cited by 5
Gómez, A., Karimli, L., Holguin, M., Chung, P. J., Szilagyi, P. G., & Schickedanz, A. B. (2021) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12587 · Cited by 7
Hurst, R., Liljenquist, K. S., Lowry, S., Szilagyi, P. G., Fiscella, K. A., Weaver, M. R., Porras-Javier, L., Ortiz, J., Guerra, L. J. S., & Coker, T. R. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/27054 · Cited by 7
Developing and Validating an Individual-Level Deprivation Index for Children’s Health in France
Laporte, R., Babe, P., Jouve, É., Daguzan, A., Mazoue, F., Minodier, P., Noel, G., Urbina, D., & Gentile, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416949 · Cited by 7
“Screening for deprivation is crucial to provide appropriate referral and support for children [19], and pediatricians often need assistance with this [20].”
BackgroundBercaw, H., Reid, L. A., Mendoza, J. A., Frongillo, E. A., Sauder, K. A., Reboussin, B. A., Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Dabelea, D., Marcovina, S. M., Mercado, C. I., et al. (2023) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2023.03.013 · Cited by 8
Mooney‐Doyle, K., Castellon, E. V., & Lindley, L. C. (2023) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/10499091231177053 · Cited by 7
“31,32 Just as fi nancial and food security are important resources for AMC health, parent and family health is a powerful resource and warrants attention.”
BackgroundScreening for the social determinants of health: Referring patients to community-based services
Mullen, L. G., Oermann, M. H., Cockroft, M. C., Sharpe, L. M., & Davison, J. A. (2023) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000922 · Cited by 7
Comparison of Caregiver and Provider Food Insecurity Screening Preferences Within a Health System
Alvis, C. E., Mosha, M. H., Amankwah, E. K., Hernandez, R. G., & Morrison, J. M. (2023) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228231191926 · Cited by 7
“9,10,17,18,28,31,33 Previously studied barriers for providers were surveyed, including limited time, discomfort, shame, offense, disinterest, and lack of resources.”
BackgroundResultLiu, P. Y., Spiker, S., Holguin, M., & Schickedanz, A. B. (2023) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101451 · Cited by 7
Martinez, J., Fornari, A. B., Vanhuse, V., Fried, E. D., Uwemedimo, O. T., Kim, E. J., Conigliaro, J. C., & Yacht, A. C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development · doi:10.1177/2382120520915495 · Cited by 7
Singh, G., & Zhu, H. (2020) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-318259 · Cited by 7
Moheize, S., Hsu, M., Matiz, L. A., Peretz, P. J., Medina, K., Esteves, A., Meyer, D. D., Maletz, B., Pineda, L., & Berger‐Jenkins, E. (2024) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319241234478 · Cited by 6
Assessing Social Determinants of Health During Critical Illness
Magee, P. M., Asp, R. A., Myers, C. N., Grunwell, J. R., Paquette, E., & Akande, M. Y. (2024) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2024.05.001 · Cited by 9
Home Food Delivery to Address Food Insecurity Following Hospital Discharge
Bouchelle, Z. M., Stern, A., Beatty, B., Khan, S. M., & Vasan, A. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-068249 · Cited by 6
Targeting hardship: poverty as a modifiable risk factor in childhood leukemia and lymphoma treatment
Umaretiya, P. J., Aziz‐Bose, R., Kelly, C. A., & Bona, K. O. (2024) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/hematology.2024000527 · Cited by 7
Finch, E. M. H., Obando, A. M., & O’Brien, J. R. G. (2025) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2025.103142 · Cited by 8
Nichol, B., Rodrigues, A., Wilson, R., & Haighton, C. (2023) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/2023/2928228 · Cited by 5
Scientific literature on food and nutrition security in primary health care: A scoping review
Botelho, F., França, I., Guerra, L. D. D. S., Rodrigues, S. F., & Tonacio, L. V. (2020) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2020.1783565 · Cited by 8
Allemang, B. A., Bradley, J., Leone, R., & Henze, M. (2020) · Pediatric Quality and Safety · doi:10.1097/pq9.0000000000000349 · Cited by 7
Jetelina, K. K., Rodriguez, P., Oke, O. K., Mathew, M. S., Schoppa, S., Booker, Q., & Messiah, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1410 · Cited by 6
“The prevalence of SDOH in our study is consistent with healthy pediatric populations in previous studies.(24,32) However, once stratified by clinical area, the prevalence of social needs, and screening rates, substantially varied from 24% in PICU to 50% in LTP.”
BackgroundResultComparing health care system and physician practice influences on social risk screening
Frehn, J. L., Brewster, A. L., Shortell, S. M., & Rodríguez, H. P. (2021) · Health Care Management Review · doi:10.1097/hmr.0000000000000309 · Cited by 6
“…patient’s health and ability to adhere to a care plan, (c) detecting which patients may benefit from a referral to community resources, and (d) informing broader efforts to understand unmet needs in the community (DeVoe et al., 2016; Garg et al., 2015; Gottlieb et al., 2013; LaForge et al., 2018).”
BackgroundKuo, D. Z., Lail, J. L., Comeau, M., Chesnut, E., Meyers, A., & Mosquera, R. A. (2022) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.06.007 · Cited by 7
Brennan, L. P., Evans, M. D., Michaeli, G., Pandita, P., Patel, S., Powell, K., Putnam-Johnson, H., Chong, A., Stelzner, S. M., & Casavan, K. (2022) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001114 · Cited by 6
Fleischman, A., Heuvel, C. V., Tesfamichael, D. H., Valley, T. M., & Jones, K. (2023) · Journal of Student-Run Clinics · doi:10.59586/jsrc.v9i1.227 · Cited by 6
O’Donnell, L., Green, J. J., Hill, E. C., & O’Donnell, M. (2024) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932024000129 · Cited by 6
“Infants, children, and adolescents are especially affected by social factors (Garg et al. , 2015).”
What Are Social Determinants of Health and Why Should They Matter to an Orthopaedic Surgeon?
Meacock, S. S., Khan, I. A., Hohmann, A. L., Cohen-Rosenblum, A. R., Krueger, C. A., Purtill, J. J., & Fillingham, Y. A. (2024) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.23.01114 · Cited by 6
Integrating Parenting Support Within and Beyond the Pediatric Medical Home
Linton, J. M., Stockton, M. P., Andrade, B., & Daniel, S. S. (2018) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x18769819 · Cited by 6
“Pediatricians can access tools to screen for social determinants of health and connect children to relevant community resources.(1,12-15) Referral to community resources can enhance receipt of other community resources for families.”
BackgroundClinical Tools Working at Home with Immigrants and Refugees
Turner, C., Ibrahim, A., & Linton, J. M. (2019) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2019.02.008 · Cited by 6
Practical Needs in the Home Care of Latino Children With Medical Complexity
Ware, E. J., Beveridge, M. S., Rosado, A. I., et al. (2020) · Home Healthcare Now · doi:10.1097/nhh.0000000000000854 · Cited by 6
“Screening for energy insecurity and referring families to programs such as LIHEAP can reduce energy insecurity (Garg et al., 2015).”
BackgroundBurns, J., Conway, D. I., Gnich, W., & Macpherson, L. M. D. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa242 · Cited by 7
“Another study by this research group showed an increase of 15% when signposting was delivered in addition to structured screening as opposed to a routine social history taken at a clinic visit (28).”
BackgroundAlford, A. Y., Riggins, A. D., Cowan, L. T., Chopak-Foss, J., Mitchell, C. E., Nwoanumah, E. C., Oloyede, T. F., Sejoro, S. T., Azu, E. U., Kutten, W. S., et al. (2024) · Children's Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2024.2307021 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, routine screening is associated with increased referral to community support services for families of children with developmental disorders (Garg et al., 2015).”
Khurana, R., Valera, K., Raghunathan, R. R., Gallagher, K. D., Angove, R., Bradshaw, E., Patton, J., Alvarado, S., Crespo, S., Judon, K. M., et al. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101523 · Cited by 5
“…the intervention arm will receive a voucher ($100) as direct resource provision for immediate needs; they will also be provided with a standard resource sheet that has been co-developed with the social work team at CUIMC and lists available community resources for people living with cancer [49,50].”
Thompson, T., Roux, A. M., Kohl, P. L., Boyum, S., & Kreuter, M. W. (2018) · Journal of Child Health Care · doi:10.1177/1367493518777152 · Cited by 5
“Brief screenings by pediatric providers can be effective in identifying basic and social needs and connecting families to helping resources (Fierman et al., 2016; Garg et al., 2015), but the success of these efforts is complicated by hardships low-income families face in daily life.”
Teteh, D., Love, M., Ericson, M., Chan, M., Phillips, T., Toor, A., FERRELL, B. R., Erhunmwunsee, L., Montgomery, S., Sun, V. C.-Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-22-1613 · Cited by 5
“Research on SDOH for FCGs has mainly focused on pediatric populations (19-21) and chronic conditions (22,23).”
Do Basic Unmet Maternal Needs Influence Infant Maltreatment Risk? A Nested Case-Control Study
Garg, A., Tripodis, Y., Dworsky, Z. D., & Sege, R. D. (2019) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922818821879 · Cited by 5
Self-citationZajac, L., Gallate, X., Gu, G., Liu, B., Elaiho, C. R., Lin, E. P., Mogilner, L. N., Oliver, K., Vangeepuram, N., & Wilson, K. M. (2021) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000001440 · Cited by 5
“SDOH screening programs have shown to be feasible and effective to address a wide range of unmet needs.(43,44) Integration of screening for tobacco and marijuana smoke exposure as part of an SDOH program can facilitate the provision of resources, such as information on establishing a smoke-free home or a referral to c…”
BackgroundDahrouge, S., Gauthier, A. P., Durand, F., Lemonde, M., Saluja, K., Kendall, C., Premji, K., Presseau, J., Chomienne, M., Toal-Sullivan, D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.6500 · Cited by 5
Pursuing a Cross-Sector Approach to Advance Child Health Equity
Corley, A. M. S., Henize, A. W., Klein, M. D., & Beck, A. F. (2023) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2023.03.008 · Cited by 5
Erzse, A., Desmond, C., Hofman, K. J., Barker, M. E., & Christofides, N. J. (2024) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441692.2024.2329986 · Cited by 5
“These studies have demonstrated reduced social needs of mothers through increased enrolment in community resources, enhanced employment opportunities, improved childcare access, and fuel assistance (Garg et al., 2015).”
Using quality improvement to address social determinants of health needs in perinatal care
King, P. A., Surenian, A., Odom, R. M., et al. (2024) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2024.151908 · Cited by 5
Maternal Disability and Early Child Preventive Care
Brown, H. K., Taylor, C. L., Camden, A., Lunsky, Y., Vigod, S. N., Santiago, M., Fung, K., Cohen, E., Guttmann, A., Telner, D., et al. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-066069 · Cited by 5
Topical review: family psychosocial risk screening and social determinants of health assessment
Kazak, A. E., Scialla, M. A., Ramaswamy, N., Deatrick, J. A., Arasteh, K., Hammer, S. N., & Barakat, L. P. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaf006 · Cited by 6
Medicaid Expenditures for Children Remaining at Home After a First Finding of Child Maltreatment
Campbell, K. A., Telford, S., Cook, L., Waitzman, N., & Keenan, H. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0439 · Cited by 4
Screening for Social Determinants of Health—Reply
Garg, A., Boynton‐Jarrett, R., & Dworkin, P. H. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16925 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Garg, A., Toy, S., Tripodis, Y., Silverstein, M., & Freeman, E.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2015-02-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e296-e304
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC4306802
- OpenAlex
- W2033448635
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 71.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R00HD056160)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- social determinants of health, well-child care, unmet basic needs, community resource referral, community health centers, food security, housing, child care, employment, homelessness, mothers of infants
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Community Health Centers, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mass Screening, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Social Work, United States, Cluster Analysis, Community Networks, Needs Assessment, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health
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