The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 26 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT
Open accessAbstract
To evaluate the effect of a clinic-based screening and referral system (WE CARE) on families' receipt of community-based resources for unmet basic needs.
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Claims the paper makes
23 Own method · 12 Own result · 10 No full text of the sources · 8 Own interpretation · 2 Not checked yet · 2 No basis given · 1 Supported · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no effect modification on any outcome measure by study wave or maternal depression.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WE CARE children had greater odds of being in child care (aOR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-26.0).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“WE CARE children had greater odds of being enrolled in a child care (aOR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-26.0)”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For each type of need, WE CARE mothers had significantly greater adjusted odds of receiving a referral (Table 3).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the 12-month visit, more WE CARE mothers had enrolled in a new community resource (39% vs 24%; aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“At the 12-month well child care visit, more WE CARE mothers had enrolled in $1 new resource (39% vs 24%; aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WE CARE mothers had greater odds of being employed (aOR = 44.4;95% CI, 9.8-201.4).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“WE CARE mothers had greater odds of being employed or enrolled in a job training program (aOR = 44.4;95% CI, 9.8-201.4)”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NNT for WE CARE to result in a mother receiving a referral to community-based resources was 1.6; the NNT for families to enroll in a resource was 6.7.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At 9-month follow-up, more WE CARE mothers had contacted a community resource than control mothers (65% vs 49%; aOR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More WE CARE mothers received $1 referral at the index visit (70% vs 8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 29.6;95% confidence interval [CI], 14.7-59.6).”
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
“More WE CARE mothers received $1 referral at the index visit than control mothers (70% vs 8%; aOR = 29.6;95% CI, 14.7-59.6).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § FIGURE 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WE CARE families had greater odds of receiving fuel assistance (aOR = 11.9;95% CI, 1.7-82.9)”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > METHODS:
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NNT for WE CARE to result in a mother receiving a referral to community-based resources was 1.6; the NNT for families to enroll in a resource was 6.7.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 25
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Within the Children's HealthWatch survey, food insecurity is assessed on the 18-item US Food Security Scale, a valid and reliable instrument with established clinical cutoffs.23,25”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Data
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Frank, 2010, Cumulative hardship and wellness of low-income, young children: multisite surveillance study., Pediatrics source
- Partly supportedcites [25] Cook, 2006, Child food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children’s health., J Nutr sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper describes the US Food Security Scale as an 18-question instrument and says the study derived food-security status from it using established procedures (Methods; Exposure variable, page not provided). It does not establish that the scale is valid and reliable or that its classification thresholds are clinical cutoffs. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“There is nearly universal agreement in the scientific and public health communities that social determinants, 1 the circumstances in which people live and work, affect health. 1”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [1] Marmot, 2006 source
The Abstract says social factors are at the root of many health inequalities. Panel 2, “The solid facts,” states directly that the circumstances in which people live and work matter for both communicable and non-communicable disease. (LLM, conf=0.93)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More than 90% of subjects reported $1 unmet basic need at baseline, 68% reported $2 needs, and 39% reported $3 needs.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, 42% of WE CARE mothers received $2 referrals at the visit; 21% received $3 referrals.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > FIGURE 1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most common need was unemployment (57%), followed by housing instability (43%) (Table 2).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This scale consists of 8 questions; a score of .10 has an 88% sensitivity and 88% specificity for major depressive episode.26”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Data
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] Kroenke, 2009, The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population., J Affect Disord source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Children raised in poverty experience poorer health than children from more advantaged backgrounds and commonly face unmet basic needs such as food security, stable housing, or an adequately heated home. [3][4][5][6][7][8]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Aber, 1997, The effects of poverty on child health and development., Annu Rev Public Health source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Duncan, 1997
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Brooks-Gunn, 1997, The effects of poverty on children., Future Child source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we obtained follow-up data for 271 participants (81%) (Fig 1).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Referrals, Contact, and Enrollment
plainn = 271- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, addressing the social determinants of child health in the clinical setting is currently more of a moral imperative than it is an evidence-based practice.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initial contact was assessed in both study arms by a brief structured telephone interview performed by a masked research assistant when the infant was 9 months of age.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Study Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We estimated that each study arm would need 168 mothers to detect an absolute difference of 15% in the overall enrollment in resources assuming equal cluster sizes, an intraclass correlation of .01,an enrollment rate of 5% in the control group, statistical power of 80%, 2-tailed a of .05,and a 15% loss to follow-up.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Numerous American Academy of Pediatrics policy statements and Bright Futures health supervision guidelines support this view and have been published in an effort to reinforce this practice.[13][14][15][16][17]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2002, The medical home., Pediatrics
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Schor, 2003, Family pediatrics: report of the Task Force on the Family., Pediatrics
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Community Pediatrics, 2013, . Community pediatrics: navigating the intersection of medicine, public health, and social determinant of children’s health., Pediatrics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, because of a lack of previous studies, we overestimated our adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient effect.This adjustment resulted in our ability to detect smaller between-group differences than we originally anticipated.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no differences in age, gender, clinician type (pediatrician, nurse practitioner), or years in practice between intervention and control arm clinicians (data not shown).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We relied on maternal self-report to measure our outcomes, which may have introduced social desirability and recall biases.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“our previous work found that visit time was marginally increased.19”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Participants and Enrollment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To assess potential confounding, we examined group differences between sociodemographic variables and basic needs at baseline.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“All Children's HealthWatch questions are internally validated, and a composite Children's HealthWatch measure of cumulative hardships combining food, housing, and energy insecurity has previously been correlated with children's health status, developmental concerns, and a composite child wellness indicator.23”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Baseline Data
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Frank, 2010, Cumulative hardship and wellness of low-income, young children: multisite surveillance study., Pediatrics source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Community-based resources may be more available in Boston than in other locations.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Because we did not find any meaningful confounding, and per Murray and Blistein's 35 suggested method, we chose covariates (race, marital status, and maternal employment) that reduced the intraclass correlation effect for our regression models.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Murray and Blistein's 35
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To determine enrollment, 2 different study team members reviewed the questionnaires, with the primary reviewer being masked.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Study Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The WE CARE clinical screening instrument was adapted from a larger family psychosocial screening instrument with test-retest reliability of .92. 19”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WE CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An intention-to-treat approach was used to compare intervention and control groups on study outcomes.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We excluded preterm infants and infants with special health care needs because such infants are often engaged with other services (eg, Early Intervention) and could be expected to benefit from WE CARE differently from healthy infants in terms of our outcome measures.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Participants and Enrollment
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was conducted at CHCs, which may limit its generalizability.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Silverstein et al 41 demonstrated that a computer-generated clinic-based referral system increased enrollment of low-income children in Head Start.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [41] Silverstein, 2004, Effect of a clinic-based referral system to head start: a randomized controlled trial., JAMA source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We tested effect modification by enrollment wave and maternal depression by entering interaction terms into the regression models.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Wyliet al 42 demonstrated the impact that a Web-based screening and referral system has on the identification of social needs in adolescents.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [42] Wylie, 2012, Assessing and referring adolescents’ health-related social problems: qualitative evaluation of a novel web-based approach., J Telemed Telecare source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was approved by the Boston University Medical Center Institutional Review Board and registered on clinicaltrials.gov(NCT01303458).”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Study Design and Setting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, for all outcome measures collected after the index visit, we adjusted the models for duration of follow-up time.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A previous study by our group demonstrated that a similar system can lead to more discussion and referrals for family psychosocial problems by pediatric trainees.19”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We view our results as more of a proof of principle than evidence of a specific program.”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“For decades, leaders in the field of pediatrics have argued that addressing a child's social needs falls within the purview of the child health provider.[9][10][11][12]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Haggerty, 1975 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Zuckerman, 1995, Preventive pediatrics—new models of providing needed health services., Pediatrics source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Wood, 2003, Effect of child and family poverty on child health in the United States., Pediatrics source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“We decided to screen for these needs because of their high prevalence among urban families, 19,27 the public availability of community resources designed to address them, and previous research demonstrating the association of these needs with negative child outcomes.23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34]”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > WE CARE
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Garg, 2007, Improving the management of family psychosocial problems at low-income children’s well-child care visits: the WE CARE Project., Pediatrics source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] Garg, 2009, Screening for basic social needs at a medical home for low-income children., Clin Pediatr (Phila) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] Frank, 2010, Cumulative hardship and wellness of low-income, young children: multisite surveillance study., Pediatrics source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
There were no systematic biases in receipt of city-wide early childhood and home visitation programs between study groups.
“However, we are not aware of any systematic biases in receipt of these programs, which probably would have exerted a conservative bias.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Screening practices for social drivers of health, such as FI, are often limited in the clinical setting because of insufficient time, inadequate training, lack of resources, and sensitivity of questions [26].”
From Food Insecurity Screening and Referral Practices of Pediatric Clinicians in Metropolitan Washington, DC (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies of referral-based interventions reported moderate increases in patient food program referrals (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.36-0.98; SMD = 1.42, 95% CI, 0.76-2.08)”
From Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“One study found only modest effects of a waiting room-based intervention on patient enrollment in food-related resources (Table 2). 22”
From Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Rates of patients receiving referrals as a result of the intervention ranged from 30% to 75% (Table 2). 16,22,27,29,35,40”
From Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“the evidence supporting the different components of this pathway is not yet robust.”
From Revising the logic model behind health care's social care investments (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| ,$40 000 | 260 (79) | 134 (81) | 126 (75) | | $$40 000 | 72 (22) | 32 (19) | 40 (24) |”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > CONCLUSIONS
Reported 79 · recomputed 77.380952
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Non-Hispanic .1 race | 16 (4) | 12 (7) | 4 (3) |”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > CONCLUSIONS
Reported 4 · recomputed 4.761905
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
“per Murray and Blistein's 35 suggested method”
§ Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT > References
“34. Murray DM, Blistein JL. Methods to reduce the impact of intraclass correlation in group-randomized trials. Eval Rev. 2003;27(1):79-103”
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“A cluster RCT conducted by Garg and colleagues [51] demonstrated that screening for social determinants of health during well child care visits led to greater referral to social support resources, greater odds of being employed and having child care at 12 months of follow-up, and lower odds of being in a shelter.”
Backgroundde la Vega, P. B., Losi, S., Martinez, L. S. S., Bovell-Ammon, A., Garg, A., James, T. L., Ewen, A. M., Stack, M., DeCarvalho, H., Sandel, M. T., et al. (2019) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001029 · Cited by 327
Self-citationIntegrating Data On Social Determinants Of Health Into Electronic Health Records
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Screening Children for Social Determinants of Health: A Systematic Review
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“11,12 This screening debate is largely centered on a deficit in understanding the present state of the science: what screening tools exist?”
BackgroundPart II: a qualitative study of social risk screening acceptability in patients and caregivers
Byhoff, E., De Marchis, E. H., Hessler, D., Fichtenberg, C., Adler, N., Cohen, A. J., Doran, K. M., Ettinger de Cuba, S., Fleegler, E. W., Gavin, N., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.016 · Cited by 255
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“43,71,72 Little such guidance currently exists; we know of no previously published reports on processes used to develop EHR-based SDH data collection, summary, and referral tools.”
BackgroundInterventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review
De Marchis, E. H., Torres, J. M., Benesch, T., Fichtenberg, C., Allen, I. E., Whitaker, E. M., & Gottlieb, L. M. (2019) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.2412 · Cited by 195
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“…to understand the “upstream” factors impacting their patients’ health and ability to act on care recommendations; (ii) inform clinical care decisions; and (iii) identify patients in need of referral to community resources to address identified needs (Garg et al., 2015; Gottlieb et al., 2013).”
BackgroundClinician Experiences with Screening for Social Needs in Primary Care
Tong, S. T., Liaw, W. R., Kashiri, P. L., Pecsok, J., Rozman, J., Bazemore, A. W., & Krist, A. H. (2018) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.03.170419 · Cited by 173
“28–31 However, it is unclear whether knowing the social needs of patients could help clinicians address gaps in care, adapt care for patients, and improve morbidity and mortality.”
BackgroundYan, Q., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Campbell, J. A., Xue, Q., Williams, M. Y., Weinhardt, L. S., & Egede, L. E. (2022) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2022.0010 · Cited by 188
“Similarly, although fewer studies reported findings related to a program’s impact on patients’ social needs change, those studies led to improved access to resources, resolutions of identified problems, or decreased self-reported social distress score.(22,23,25,29,31,34,35,40,42,44) The health outcomes.”
ResultScreening and Interventions for Social Risk Factors
Eder, M. L., Henninger, M. L., Durbin, S., Iacocca, M. O., Martin, A., Gottlieb, L. M., & Lin, J. S. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12825 · Cited by 191
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Food Insecurity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
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“In other settings, link workers also facilitate referrals to external resources, such as community or government assistance programs around food, housing, and employment (Basu et al., 2012; Beck et al., 2014; Buchanan et al., 2009; Colorado Department of Health Care Policy & Financing, 2015; Garg et al., 2015; Gottlie…”
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Improving Social Determinants of Health
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“Major: Physical, verbal, or sexual abuse in past 12 months 64 (16) 4 (1) 11 (3)”
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Self-citationDiagnostic Accuracy of Two Food Insecurity Screeners Recommended for Use in Health Care Settings
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“Routine screening for food insecurity is feasible in the health setting(4,31,32) and can enable support for food and other health-related basic needs.(22,29,30) Wilson and Jungner’s widely accepted criteria for effective screening require that the test be acceptable to the population.”
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Integrating Social Determinants of Health Into Graduate Medical Education: A Call for Action
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Improving Social Needs Intervention Research: Key Questions for Advancing the Field
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Lindau, S. T., Makelarski, J. A., Abramsohn, E., Beiser, D. G., Boyd, K., Chou, C., Giurcanu, M. C., Huang, E. S., Liao, C., Schumm, L. P., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304905 · Cited by 99
“This finding is similar to resource use rates reported for a volunteer sample (n = 458) in the previous CommunityRx observational study(12) and for higher-intensity interventions delivered by specially trained clinicians or staff.(31,33) To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a rate of community resource…”
Food Insecurity and Health Care Use
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Self-citationPoverty dynamics and health in late childhood in the UK: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study
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Parental perspectives of screening for adverse childhood experiences in pediatric primary care.
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CommunityRx: A Population Health Improvement Innovation That Connects Clinics To Communities
Lindau, S. T., Makelarski, J. A., Abramsohn, E., Beiser, D. G., Escamilla, V., Jerome, J. S., Johnson, D., Kho, A., Lee, K. K. C., Long, T., et al. (2016) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0694 · Cited by 93
Gottlieb, L. M., Adler, N. E., Wing, H. E., Velazquez, D. E., Keeton, V. F., Romero, A., Hernandez, M., Vera, A. M., Caceres, E. U., Arevalo, C., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0701 · Cited by 92
Social Determinants of Health Needs and Pediatric Health Care Use
Hardy, R. Y., Boch, S. J., Keedy, H. E., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.07.056 · Cited by 87
Institute of Medicine Measures of Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health: A Feasibility Study
Giuse, N. B., Koonce, T. Y., Kusnoor, S. V., Prather, A. A., Gottlieb, L. M., Huang, L., Phillips, S. E., Shyr, Y., Adler, N. E., & Stead, W. W. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.07.033 · Cited by 85
Social determinants of health: the how, who, and where screenings are occurring; a systematic review
O’Brien, K. H. (2019) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2019.1645795 · Cited by 86
Zhao, Y., Wood, E. P., Mirin, N., Vedanthan, R., Cook, S., & Chunara, R. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.016 · Cited by 93
Kostelanetz, S., Pettapiece-Phillips, M. J., Weems, J., Spalding, T., Roumie, C. L., Wilkins, C. H., & Kripalani, S. B. (2021) · Population Health Management · doi:10.1089/pop.2021.0176 · Cited by 92
Adults with Housing Insecurity Have Worse Access to Primary and Preventive Care
Martin, P., Liaw, W. R., Bazemore, A., Jetty, A., Petterson, S. M., & Kushel, M. (2019) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2019.04.180374 · Cited by 83
COVID ‐19 pandemic: The impact on vulnerable children and young people in Australia
Jones, B., Woolfenden, S. R., Pengilly, S., Breen, C., Cohn, R. J., Biviano, L., Johns, A., Worth, A., Lamb, R., Lingam, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.15169 · Cited by 88
Stenmark, S. H., Steiner, J. F., Marpadga, S., DeBor, M., Underhill, K., & Seligman, H. K. (2018) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/18-093 · Cited by 80
Models of social prescribing to address non-medical needs in adults: a scoping review
Oster, C., Skelton, C., Leibbrandt, R. E., Hines, S. J., & Bonevski, B. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09650-x · Cited by 87
A Parent Coach Model for Well-Child Care Among Low-Income Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Coker, T. R., Chacón, S., Elliott, M. N., Bruno, Y., Chavis, T., Biely, C., Bethell, C. D., Contreras, S., Mimila, N. A., Mercado, J., et al. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3013 · Cited by 82
Clinicians’ Perceptions of Screening for Food Insecurity in Suburban Pediatric Practice
Palakshappa, D., Vasan, A., Khan, S. M., Seifu, L., Feudtner, C., & Fiks, A. G. (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-0319 · Cited by 82
Morone, J. F. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2017.08.022 · Cited by 78
“Across all studies, only 30% (4) included communitymembers in the initial development of the screening tool (i.e. through focus groups, home interviews, or cognitive interviews) (Gilbert & Downs, 2015; Keller et al., 2008; Orr et al., 1989; Page-Reeves et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSocial Needs and Health-Related Outcomes Among Medicaid Beneficiaries
Thompson, T., McQueen, A., Croston, M. A., Luke, A. A., Caito, N. M., Quinn, K., Funaro, J., & Kreuter, M. W. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198118822724 · Cited by 78
“Past research has found that screening families at well-child visits and providing referrals for unmet needs increased the likelihood that parents would later report receiving community resources (Garg et al., 2015).”
BackgroundDeterminants of Health and Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Beck, A. F., Tschudy, M. M., Coker, T. R., Mistry, K. B., Cox, J. E., Gitterman, B. A., Chamberlain, L. J., Grace, A. M., Hole, M. K., KLASS, P. E., et al. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3673 · Cited by 71
Uwemedimo, O. T., & May, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00207 · Cited by 73
Bona, K. O., Li, Y., Winestone, L. E., Getz, K., Huang, Y.-S. V., Fisher, B. T., Desai, A. V., Richardson, T., Hall, M., Naranjo, A. H., et al. (2020) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djaa107 · Cited by 71
Social Determinants of Health Training in U.S. Primary Care Residency Programs: A Scoping Review
Gard, L. A., Peterson, J., Miller, C. H., Ghosh, N., Youmans, Q. R., Didwania, A. K., Persell, S. D., Jean‐Jacques, M., Ravenna, P. A., O’Brien, M. J., et al. (2018) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002491 · Cited by 75
Herrera, C., Brochier, A., Pellicer, M., Garg, A., & Drainoni, M. (2019) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132719887260 · Cited by 71
“Problems with SDOH may manifest in primary care office visits as unmet social needs such as food scarcity, hunger, homelessness, and debt and can lead to detrimental health and developmental outcomes in children.(4,5) Thus, mitigating children’s and families’ unmet social needs has the potential to reduce toxic stress…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationRahman, T. M., Shaw, J. H., Mehaidli, A., Hennekes, M. E., Hansen, L. M., Castle, J. P., Kulkarni, M., & Silverton, C. D. (2023) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.23.00044 · Cited by 74
“Community-based organizations and government programs exist to bridge health disparities by providing access to primary care, food, education, employment, and more 26 .”
BackgroundInfluentialColvin, J. D., Bettenhausen, J. L., Anderson‐Carpenter, K. D., Collie-Akers, V. L., Plencner, L. M., Krager, M. K., Nelson, B., Donnelly, S., Simmons, J., Higinio, V., et al. (2015) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2015.06.001 · Cited by 69
Cullen, D. L., Attridge, M. M., & Fein, J. A. (2020) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2020.04.006 · Cited by 69
Caregiver Opinion of In-Hospital Screening for Unmet Social Needs by Pediatric Residents
Colvin, J. D., Bettenhausen, J. L., Anderson‐Carpenter, K. D., Collie-Akers, V. L., & Chung, P. J. (2016) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2015.06.002 · Cited by 71
Social Determinants of Health 201 for Health Care: Plan, Do, Study, Act
Magnan, S. J. (2021) · NAM Perspectives · doi:10.31478/202106c · Cited by 72
“At 12 months, in comparison to the control, WE CARE mothers were more likely to be enrolled in a community resource and be employed, their children were more likely to be in child care, their families were more likely to be receiving fuel assistance, and they were less likely to be in a homeless shelter [39].”
BackgroundResultIncreasing Use of a Healthy Food Incentive: A Waiting Room Intervention Among Low-Income Patients
Cohen, A. J., Richardson, C. R., Heisler, M., Sen, A., Murphy, E. C., Hesterman, O. B., Davis, M. M., & Zick, S. M. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.11.008 · Cited by 66
Revising the logic model behind health care's social care investments
GOTTLIEB, L. M., HESSLER, D., WING, H., GONZALEZ‐ROCHA, A., CARTIER, Y., & FICHTENBERG, C. (2024) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12690 · Cited by 64
“11 Though this logic model has served as the foundation for a growing number of research studies and even multiple reviews that examine whether and when social care interventions improve health outcomes and decrease avoidable and costly health care utilization, 12– 32 the evidence supporting the”
Arons, A., DeSilvey, S., Fichtenberg, C., & Gottlieb, L. (2019) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy051 · Cited by 64
“Selection of SDH domains We identified 20 SDH domains covered in six of the most widely used SDH screening tools in the US (Table 1), including: (1) the NAM’s 2014 Recommended Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures report, which is the basis for the ONC Social, Psychological, and Behavioral data certification crit…”
MethodFiori, K. P., Rehm, C. D., Sanderson, D., Braganza, S. F., Parsons, A. S., Chodon, T., Whiskey, R., Bernard, P., & Rinke, M. L. (2020) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922820908589 · Cited by 64
“7) Race/ethnicity Hispanic 96 (33) Non-Hispanic, black 76 (27) Non-Hispanic, multiracial 22 (8) Not disclosed 93 (32) Preferred spoken language, caregiver English 219 (76) Spanish 64 (23) Other 4 (1)”
Household material hardship in families of children post‐chemotherapy
Bilodeau, M., Ma, C., Al‐Sayegh, H., Wolfe, J., & Bona, K. O. (2017) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.26743 · Cited by 64
Back to Basics: Social Determinants of Health
Spruce, L. R. (2019) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1002/aorn.12722 · Cited by 63
If social determinants of health are so important, shouldn’t we ask patients about them?
Moscrop, A., Ziébland, S., Bloch, G. C., & Iraola, J. R. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4150 · Cited by 63
Collection of social determinants of health in the community clinic setting: a cross-sectional study
Kusnoor, S. V., Koonce, T. Y., Hurley, S., McClellan, K. M., Blasingame, M. N., Frakes, E. T., Huang, L., Epelbaum, M. I., & Giuse, N. B. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5453-2 · Cited by 62
“While previous studies have begun to assess social determinants of health in the community clinic setting [14, 15], we have not identified any published studies evaluating questionnaire performance in this population using standardized questionnaires, such as the NAM or PRAPARE questionnaires.”
MethodByhoff, E., Garg, A., Pellicer, M., Diaz, Y., Yoon, G. H., Charns, M. P., & Drainoni, M. (2019) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2019.03.180276 · Cited by 67
“Efficacy trials found that SDOH screening and referral interventions increase physician awareness of SDOH prevalence(3,4) while improving referrals in the targeted population.(5) With nearly 70% of variation in health outcomes driven by SDOH, there is great potential that SDOH screening and referral interventions can…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationBona, K. O., Brazauskas, R., He, N., Lehmann, L., Abdel‐Azim, H., Ahmed, I. A., Al‐Homsi, A. S., Aljurf, M. D., Arnold, S. D., Badawy, S. M., et al. (2020) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2020006252 · Cited by 61
Advancing Social Prescribing with Implementation Science
Gottlieb, L. M., Cottrell, E., Park, B., Clark, K. D., Gold, R. B., & Fichtenberg, C. (2018) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.03.170249 · Cited by 59
“…although findings from some evaluations of SDH-related interventions suggest that specific programs can decrease social needs and improve health 21–24 , relatively little research addresses the impacts of social prescribing initiatives on patient and provider experience of care, health outcomes,…”
BackgroundUses and Misuses of Patient- and Neighborhood-level Social Determinants of Health Data
Gottlieb, L. M., Francis, D., & Beck, A. F. (2018) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/18-078 · Cited by 59
Social Prescribing—An Effort to Apply a Common Knowledge: Impelling Forces and Challenges
Islam, M. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.515469 · Cited by 59
Health Disparities in Tobacco Use and Exposure: A Structural Competency Approach
Marbin, J. N., Balk, S. J., Gribben, V., Groner, J. A., CONTROL, S. O. T., Walley, S. C., Boykan, R., Jenssen, B. P., Mih, B., Alfieri, N. L., et al. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-040253 · Cited by 65
Selvaraj, K., Ruiz, M. J., Aschkenasy, J. R., Chang, J. D., Heard, A., Minier, M., Osta, A. D., Pavelack, M., Samelson, M., Schwartz, A., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.004 · Cited by 60
A systematic review of reasons for and against asking patients about their socioeconomic contexts
Moscrop, A., Ziébland, S., Roberts, N. W., & Papanikitas, A. N. (2019) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1014-2 · Cited by 57
Tang, M. N., Adolphe, S., Rogers, S. R., & Frank, D. A. (2021) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2020-001883 · Cited by 66
Tung, E. L., Abramsohn, E., Boyd, K., Makelarski, J. A., Beiser, D. G., Chou, C., Huang, E. S., Ozik, J., Kaligotla, C., & Lindau, S. T. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05530-5 · Cited by 56
Screening for Social Determinants of Health in Hospitalized Children
Schwartz, B. N., Herrmann, L. E., Librizzi, J., Gayle, T. L., Waloff, K., Walsh, H. A., Rucker, A. C., Herrera, N. A., & Bhansali, P. (2020) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2019-0092 · Cited by 54
Davidson, K., Kemper, A., Doubeni, C. A., Tseng, C., Simon, M., Kubik, M. Y., Curry, S., Mills, J., Krist, A., Ngo-Metzger, Q., et al. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-0730 · Cited by 43
Inadequacy of Current Screening Measures for Health-Related Social Needs.
Garg, A., LeBlanc, A., & Raphael, J. (2023) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.13948 · Cited by 49
Self-citationThe Inherent Fallibility of Validated Screening Tools for Social Determinants of Health.
Garg, A., Sheldrick, R., & Dworkin, P. H. (2017) · Academic pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2017.12.006 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Garg, A., Toy, S., Tripodis, Y., Silverstein, M., & Freeman, E.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2015-02-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e296-e304
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC4306802
- OpenAlex
- W2033448635
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 71.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R00HD056160)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- social determinants of health, well-child care, unmet basic needs, community resource referral, community health centers, food security, housing, child care, employment, homelessness, mothers of infants
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Community Health Centers, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mass Screening, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Social Work, United States, Cluster Analysis, Community Networks, Needs Assessment, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health
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