Dietary Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Dietary interventions such as restrictive diets or supplements are common treatments for young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence for the efficacy of these interventions is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of specific dietary interventions on symptoms, functions, and clinical domains in subjects with ASD by using a meta-analytic approach. DATA SOURCES: Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Embase databases. STUDY SELECTION: We selected placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of dietary interventions in ASD published from database inception through September 2017. DATA EXTRACTION: Outcome variables were subsumed under 4 clinical domains and 17 symptoms and/or functions groups. Hedges' adjusted g values were used as estimates of the effect size of each dietary intervention relative to placebo. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, we examined 27 double-blind, randomized clinical trials, including 1028 patients with ASD: 542 in the intervention arms and 486 in the placebo arms. Participant-weighted average age was 7.1 years. Participant-weighted average intervention duration was 10.6 weeks. Dietary supplementation (including omega-3, vitamin supplementation, and/or other supplementation), omega-3 supplementation, and vitamin supplementation were more efficacious than the placebo at improving several symptoms, functions, and clinical domains. Effect sizes were small (mean Hedges' g for significant analyses was 0.31), with low statistical heterogeneity and low risk of publication bias. LIMITATIONS: Methodologic heterogeneity among the studies in terms of the intervention, clinical measures and outcomes, and sample characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis does not support nonspecific dietary interventions as treatment of ASD but suggests a potential role for some specific dietary interventions in the management of some symptoms, functions, and clinical domains in patients with ASD.
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A meta-analysis does not support non-targeted dietary interventions as treatment of ASD.
“A meta-analysis of dietary approaches to ASD does not support non-targeted dietary interventions as treatment of ASD.”
Due to heterogeneity in ASD presentation, there may be a potential role for some specific dietary interventions in managing some symptoms in some individuals with ASD.
“Due to heterogeneity in ASD presentation, it appears that there is a potential role for some specific dietary interventions in the management of some symptoms in some individuals.”
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- Authors
- Fraguas, D., Díaz-Caneja, C. M., Pina-Camacho, L., Moreno, C., Durán-Cutilla, M., Ayora, M., González-Vioque, E., de Matteis, M., Hendren, R. L., Arango, C., & Parellada, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain;
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2019-11-01
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2978226445
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (777394)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, dietary intervention, dietary supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin supplementation, restrictive diets, symptom improvement, functional outcome, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Vitamins, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements
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