CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 371Gambling Behavior and TreatmentsSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesImpact of Technology on Adolescents

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet.

Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions

Open access
Estévez, Ana, Jáuregui, Paula, Sánchez-Marcos, Inmaculada, López-González, Hibai, Griffiths, Mark D.·2017·Journal of Behavioral Addictions
DOI 10.1556/2006.6.2017.086PMC PMC6034944
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background: Risky behaviors have been related to emotional regulation and attachment, which may constitute risk factors for developing an addictive behavior. However, there may also be differences between substance and non-substance-related addictions. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship of emotional regulation and attachment, with substance (alcohol and drug abuse), and non-substance-related addictions (gambling disorder, video game addiction, and problematic Internet use) in adolescents and emerging adults. The study also aimed to examine gender differences for such predictors. Methods: The sample comprised 472 students aged 13–21 years recruited from high schools and vocational education centers. Results: Findings demonstrated that emotion regulation was predictive of all addictive behaviors assessed in this study (alcohol and drug abuse, gambling disorder, video game addiction, and problematic Internet use), whereas attachment predicted non-substance-related addictions (gambling disorder, video game addiction, and problematic Internet use). In addition, gender differences were found, with females scoring significantly higher in maternal and peer attachment, whereas males scored significantly higher in gambling disorder and video game addiction. Conclusion: The findings may be useful for preventive and clinical interventions conducted with youth regarding addictive behaviors.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1556/2006.6.2017.086

Cites

103 of 105 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 95

  1. Langhinrichsen-Rohling, 2004, The SOGS-RA vs. the MAGS-7: Prevalence estimates and classification congruence, Journal of Gambling Studies,, 20, 259, 10.1023/B:JOGS.0000040279.26711.ef · DOI
  2. Secades, 1998, El juego patológico. Prevención, evaluación y tratamiento en la adolescencia
  3. Gallarín, 2013, Dimensionality of the Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment: Evaluation with the Spanish version, Spanish Journal of Psychology,, 16, 1, 10.1017/sjp.2013.47 · DOI
  4. Beranuy, 2009, Validación de dos escalas breves para evaluar la adicción a Internet y el abuso del móvil [Validation of two brief scales to assess Internet and mobile phone addictions], Psicothema,, 21, 480
  5. Ruiz, 2016, Risk consumption: Children and online gaming. The problem of “responsible gambling”, Política y Sociedad,, 53, 664
  6. Kausch, 2003, Patterns of substance abuse among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,, 25, 263, 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00117-X · DOI
  7. Demetrovics, 2012, Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future, Journal of Behavioral Addictions,, 1, 1, 10.1556/JBA.1.2012.1.0 · DOI
  8. Hayfield, 1974, The CAGE questionnaire: Validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument, American Journal of Psychiatry,, 131,, 1121, 10.1176/ajp.131.10.1121 · DOI
  9. Secades, 1998, El juego patológico. Prevención, evaluación y tratamiento en la adolescencia
  10. Estévez, 2009, Uso y abuso de Internet en adolescentes, Adicción a las nuevas tecnologías en adolescentes y jóvenes
  11. Pedrero, 2007, Validación de un instrumento para la detección de trastornos de control de impulsos y adicciones: el MULTICAGE CAD-4 [Validation of a tool for screening of impulse control disorders and addiction: MULTICAGE CAD-4], Trastornos Adictivos,, 9, 269, 10.1016/S1575-0973(07)75656-8 · DOI
  12. Malbergier, 2012, Gender parity and drug use: Are girls catching up with boys?, Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria,, 34, 16, 10.1016/S1516-4446(12)70005-3 · DOI
  13. Markus, 2003, Addiction, attachment and social support
  14. Schimmenti, 2015, Linking lack of care in childhood to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood: The role of attachment styles, Child and Adolescent Mental Health,, 20, 41, 10.1111/camh.12051 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Malik, 2015, Emotion regulation as a mediator in the relationship between attachment and depressive symptomatology: A systematic review, Journal of Affective Disorders,, 172,, 428, 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.007 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Becoña, 2014, Attachment and substance use in adolescence: A review of conceptual and methodological aspects, Adicciones,, 26, 77, 10.20882/adicciones.137 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Schmitt, 2008, The interaction of neuroticism and gender and its impact on self-efficacy and performance, Human Performance,, 21, 49, 10.1080/08959280701522197 · DOI
  18. Beranuy, 2009, Validación de dos escalas breves para evaluar la adicción a Internet y el abuso del móvil [Validation of two brief scales to assess Internet and mobile phone addictions], Psicothema,, 21, 480
  19. Gross, 2002, Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences, Psychophysiology,, 39, 281, 10.1017/S0048577201393198 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Monacis, 2017, Exploring individual differences in online addictions: The role of identity and attachment, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,, 15, 853, 10.1007/s11469-017-9768-5 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Ladouceur, 2000, Is the SOGS an accurate measure of pathological gambling among children, adolescents and adults?, Journal of Gambling Studies,, 16, 1, 10.1023/A:1009443516329 · DOI
  22. Bányai, 2017, Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample, PLoS One,, 12, e0169839, 10.1371/journal.pone.0169839 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Markus, 2003, Addiction, attachment and social support
  24. Ruiz, 2016, Risk consumption: Children and online gaming. The problem of “responsible gambling”, Política y Sociedad,, 53, 664
  25. Ainsworth, 1970, Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation, Child Development,, 41, 49, 10.2307/1127388 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Mikulincer, 2003, Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies, Motivation and Emotion,, 27, 77, 10.1023/A:1024515519160 · DOI
  27. Armsden, 1987, The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence, Journal of Youth and Adolescence,, 16, 427, 10.1007/BF02202939 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Kun, 2010, Emotional intelligence and addictions: A systematic review, Substance Use & Misuse,, 45, 1131, 10.3109/10826080903567855 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Wallin, 2015, Sage open
  30. Sarabia, 2016, Sexualized behaviors on Facebook, Computers in Human Behavior,, 61,, 219, 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.037 · DOI
  31. Kuss, 2012, Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,, 10, 278, 10.1007/s11469-011-9318-5 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Esmaeilinasab, 2014, The predicting role of difficulties in emotion regulation and distress tolerance in students’ addiction potential, Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal of Drug Abuse,, 8, 41
  33. Vacaru, 2014, New Zealand youth and their relationships with mobile phone technology, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,, 12, 572, 10.1007/s11469-014-9488-z · DOI
  34. Martínez, 2003, Consumo de drogas en la adolescencia: Importancia del afecto y la supervisión parental, Psicothema,, 13, 161
  35. Li, 2013, Parental behavioral and psychological control and problematic Internet use among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of self-control, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,, 16, 442, 10.1089/cyber.2012.0293 · DOI
  36. Baysinger, 2015, Addiction, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine,, 88, 203
  37. Gardner, 2008, Adolescent self-regulation as resilience: Resistance to antisocial behavior within the deviant peer context, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,, 36, 273, 10.1007/s10802-007-9176-6 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Griffiths, 2014, DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder needs a unified approach to assessment, Neuropsychiatry,, 4, 1, 10.2217/npy.13.82 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Molinaro, 2014, Country- and individual-level determinants of probable problematic gambling in adolescence: A multi-level cross-national comparison, Addiction,, 109, 2089, 10.1111/add.12719 · DOI
  40. Laursen, 1996, Closeness and conflict in adolescent peer relationships: Interdependence with friends and romantic partners, 186
  41. Cleveland, 2010, Protective families in high- and low-risk environments: Implications for adolescent substance use, Journal of Youth and Adolescence,, 39, 114, 10.1007/s10964-009-9395-y · DOI
  42. Richardson, 2011, Examining gender differences in emerging tobacco use using the adolescents’ need for smoking scale, Addiction,, 106, 1846, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03496.x · DOI
  43. Gainsbury, 2015, Online gambling addiction: The relationship between Internet gambling and disordered gambling, Current Addiction Reports,, 2, 185, 10.1007/s40429-015-0057-8 · DOI
  44. Fletcher, 2015, Attachment, a matter of substance: The potential of attachment theory in the treatment of addictions, Clinical Social Work Journal,, 43, 109, 10.1007/s10615-014-0502-5 · DOI
  45. Zimmermann, 2014, Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: Age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations, International Journal of Behavioral Development,, 38, 182, 10.1177/0165025413515405 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Shaffer, 1999, Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis, American Journal of Public Health,, 89, 1369, 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1369 · DOI
  47. Vollmer, 2014, Computer game addiction in adolescents and its relationship to chronotype and personality, Sage Open,, 4, 1, 10.1177/2158244013518054 · DOI
  48. Calado, 2017, Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research, Journal of Gambling Studies,, 33, 397, 10.1007/s10899-016-9627-5 · DOI
  49. Griffiths, 2005, A components model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework, Journal of Sustance Use,, 10, 191, 10.1080/14659890500114359 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Weatherly, 2013, Exploring the factors related to endorsing gambling as an escape, International Gambling Studies,, 13, 52, 10.1080/14459795.2012.703214 · DOI
  51. Griffiths, 2017, Behavioural addiction and substance addiction should be defined by their similarities not their dissimilarities, Addiction,, 112, 1718, 10.1111/add.13828 · DOI
  52. Andreassen, 2016, The relationship between technological addictions and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,, 30, 252, 10.1037/adb0000160 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Winters, 1993, Toward the development of an adolescent gambling problem severity scale, Journal of Gambling Studies,, 9, 63, 10.1007/BF01019925 · DOI
  54. Calvete, 2009, Consumo de drogas en adolescentes: El papel del estrés, la impulsividad y los esquemas relacionados con la falta de límites [Adolescents consuming drugs: The role of stress, impulsivity, and lack of boundaries], Adicciones,, 21, 49, 10.20882/adicciones.251 · DOI
  55. Griffiths, 2012, Video game addiction: Past, present and future, Current Psychiatry Reviews,, 8, 308, 10.2174/157340012803520414 · DOI
  56. Vierhaus, 2007, Developmental changes in coping: Situational and methodological influences, Anxiety Stress Coping,, 20, 267, 10.1080/10615800701330242 · DOI
  57. Grant, 2010, Introduction to behavioral addictions, American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,, 36, 233, 10.3109/00952990.2010.491884 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Sayette, 2004, Self-regulatory failure and addiction, 447
  59. Blanchard-Fields, 2008, The experience of anger and sadness in everyday problems impacts age differences in emotion regulation, Developmental Psychology,, 44, 1547, 10.1037/a0013915 · DOI
  60. Williams, 2012, Impulsivity, emotion regulation, and mindful attentional focus in compulsive buying, Cognitive Therapy and Research,, 36, 451, 10.1007/s10608-011-9384-9 · DOI
  61. Wallin, 2015, Sage open
  62. Williams, 2012, Deficits in emotion regulation associated with pathological gambling, British Journal of Clinical Psychology,, 51, 223, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02022.x · DOI
  63. Berking, 2011, Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,, 79, 307, 10.1037/a0023421 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Steinberg, 2005, Cognitive and affective development in adolescence, Trends in Cognitive Sciences,, 9, 69, 10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Aldao, 2010, Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review, Clinical Psychology Review,, 30, 217, 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Elmas, 2017, Alexithymia and pathological gambling: The mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, Turkish Journal of Psychiatry,, 28, 1
  67. Mikulincer, 2007, Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change
  68. Griffiths, 2015, Adolescent gambling and gambling-type games on social networking sites: Issues, concerns, and recommendations, Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport,, 33, 31, 10.51698/aloma.2015.33.2.31-37 · DOI
  69. Mullin, 2007, Emotion regulation and externalizing disorders in children and adolescents, 523
  70. Calvete, 2005, Gender differences in cognitive vulnerability to depression and behaviour problems in adolescents, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,, 33, 179, 10.1007/s10802-005-1826-y · DOI
  71. Schreiber, 2012, Emotion regulation and impulsivity in young adults, Journal of Psychiatric Research,, 46, 651, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.02.005 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Janfaza, 2015, The predictive role of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-control with susceptibility to addiction in drug-dependent individuals, Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal of Drug Abuse,, 9, 45
  73. Herrera Harfuch, 2010, La adicción a Facebook relacionada con la baja autoestima, la depresión y la falta de habilidades sociales, Psicología Iberoamericana,, 18, 6, 10.48102/pi.v18i1.256 · DOI
  74. Canale, 2016, Impact of Internet gambling on problem gambling among adolescents in Italy: Findings from a large-scale nationally representative survey, Computers in Human Behavior,, 57,, 99, 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.020 · DOI
  75. Carbonell, 2012, Problematic Internet and cell phone use in Spanish teenagers and young students, Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology,, 28, 789
  76. Coffey, 2008, Mechanisms of action in the inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress, Complementary Health Practice Review,, 13, 79, 10.1177/1533210108316307 · DOI · Paper page
  77. Lee, 2003, Individual differences in attachment autonomy configuration. Link ages with substance use and youth competencies, Journal of Adolescence,, 26, 347, 10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00018-6 · DOI
  78. Míguez, 2015, El consumo de cigarrillos y alcohol se relaciona con el consumo de cannabis y el juego problema en adolescentes españoles, Adicciones,, 27, 8, 10.20882/adicciones.189 · DOI
  79. Xu, 2014, Parent-adolescent interaction and risk of adolescent Internet addiction: A population-based study in Shanghai, BMC Psychiatry,, 14, 1, 10.1186/1471-244X-14-112 · DOI
  80. Laursen, 1996, Closeness and conflict in adolescent peer relationships: Interdependence with friends and romantic partners, 186
  81. Griffiths, 1998, Adolescent gambling and drug use, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology,, 8, 423, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199811/12)8:6<423::AID-CASP499>3.0.CO;2-B · DOI
  82. Griffiths, 2016, Online addictions: Conceptualizations, debates and controversies, Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions,, 3, 151
  83. Quigley, 2000, Alcohol, drugs, and violence, 259
  84. Stucki, 2007, Prevalence of adult problem and pathological gambling between 2000 and 2005: An update, Journal of Gambling Studies,, 23, 245, 10.1007/s10899-006-9031-7 · DOI
  85. van Rooij, 2014, The (co)ocurrence of video game addiction, substance use, and psychosocial problems in adolescents, Journal of Behavioral Addictions,, 3, 157, 10.1556/JBA.3.2014.013 · DOI
  86. Mihajlov, 2017, Internet addiction: A review of the first twenty years, Psychiatria Danubina,, 29, 260, 10.24869/psyd.2017.260 · DOI
  87. Estévez, 2017, Dependencia emocional y consecuencias psicológicas del abuso de internet y móvil en jóvenes [Emotional dependency and psychological consequences of Internet and mobile phone abuse in adolescents], Anales de Psicología,, 33, 260, 10.6018/analesps.33.2.255111 · DOI
  88. De Rick, 2009, Alcohol addiction and the attachment system: An empirical study of attachment style, alexithymia, and psychiatric disorders in alcoholic inpatients, Substance Use & Misuse,, 44, 99, 10.1080/10826080802525744 · DOI
  89. Jáuregui, 2016, Pathological gambling and associated drug and alcohol abuse, emotion regulation, and anxious-depressive symptomatology, Journal of Behavioral Addictions,, 5, 251, 10.1556/2006.5.2016.038 · DOI · Paper page
  90. Hazan, 1987, Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, 52, 511, 10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 · DOI · Paper page
  91. Kobak, 2009, Adolescent attachment and trajectories of hostile–impulsive behavior: Implications for the development of personality disorders, Development and Psychopathology,, 21, 839, 10.1017/S0954579409000455 · DOI
  92. Gratz, 2004, Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure and initial validation of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Journal Psychopathology Behavioral Assessment,, 26, 41, 10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94 · DOI · Paper page
  93. Bowlby, 1973, Attachment and loss, 2
  94. Baysinger, 2015, Addiction, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine,, 88, 203
  95. Mikulincer, 2009, What’s inside the minds of securely and insecurely attached people? The secure-base script and its associations with attachment-style dimensions, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, 97, 615, 10.1037/a0015649 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 371

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Estévez, A., Jáuregui, P., Sánchez-Marcos, I., López-González, H., & Griffiths, M. D.
Affiliations
  • Universidad de Deusto (ES)
  • Nottingham Trent University (GB)
Corresponding author
Estévez, Ana
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Publisher
Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Published
2017-12
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
534-544
ISSN
  • 2062-5871 (ISSN-L)
  • 2063-5303
DOI
10.1556/2006.6.2017.086
PMC
PMC6034944
OpenAlex
W2781367606
Cited by
371
References
107
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 6
FWCI
27.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Behavioral Addictions (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
  • Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Keywords
attachment, emotion regulation, substance addiction, behavioral addiction, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, gambling addiction, gaming addiction, problematic internet use, adolescents, emerging adults, gender differences, maternal attachment, peer attachment, addictive behavior
MeSH terms
Self-Control, Adolescent, Emotions, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Object Attachment, Behavior, Addictive, Video Games, Substance-Related Disorders, Internet, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review