Assessment of Adherence Measures with Different Stimulants Among Children and Adolescents
Abstract
Study Objective. To examine adherence measures with different stimulants in children and adolescents. Design. Retrospective analysis. Data Source. Texas Medicaid prescription claims database. Patients. A total of 9549 patients aged 5–18 years with attention‐deficit—hyperactivity disorder. Measurements and Main Results. Paid prescription claims for newly started stimulants during the 2001–2002 school year were extracted from a database; 28,344 prescriptions (9549 patients) were available for analysis. Adherence was evaluated based on the drug therapy prescribed (i.e., mixed amphetamine salts, immediate‐release methylphenidate, and extended‐release methylphenidate—OROS [oral‐osmotic formulation]) and the age and sex of the patient. Adherence measures were persistence and medication possession ratio (MPR). Persistence was higher for extended‐release methylphenidate—OROS (0.50 ± 0.33) than for mixed amphetamine salts (0.42 ± 0.29) or immediate‐release methylphenidate (0.37 ± 0.26; p<0.001). The MPR was also higher for extended‐release methylphenidate—OROS (0.76 ± 0.37) than for mixed amphetamine salts (0.73 ± 0.37) or immediate‐release methylphenidate (0.69 ± 0.37; p<0.001). Patients aged 5–9 years had equal or better persistence and MPR than those aged 10–14 and 15–18 years (p<0.001). No sex‐related differences in adherence were observed. Conclusion. Adherence measures in our study were low. Although they were significantly better for extended‐release methylphenidate—OROS than the other stimulants, the clinical significance of these differences are unclear. Further research should be conducted regarding pharmaceutical products, administration methods, and clinical interventions that may enhance adherence.
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More than half of children prescribed stimulant medication stop receiving treatment within a school year.
“More than half of children prescribed stimulant medication stop receiving treatment within a school year (Sanchez et al., 2005)”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Sanchez et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Sanchez, R. J., Crismon, M. L., Barner, J. C., Bettinger, T., & Wilson, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Texas Department of State Health Services (US)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crismon, M. Lynn
- Venue
- Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 909-917
- ISSN
- 0277-0008 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-9114
- OpenAlex
- W2097767249
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Texas Department of State Health Services
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Keywords
- medication adherence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stimulant medication, extended-release methylphenidate, mixed amphetamine salts, immediate-release methylphenidate, medication possession ratio, persistence, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Amphetamines, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Delayed-Action Preparations, Female, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Patient Compliance, Retrospective Studies
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