The Changing Global Burden of Cancer: Transitions in Human Development and Implications for Cancer Prevention and Control
Abstract
Presents a global overview of geographic and income-related patterns of cancer and identifies key characteristics of the global cancer transition. Among noncommunicable diseases, cancer is a leading cause of death, especially in high-income countries (HICs). Incidence and mortality measurements of the impact of cancer and relevant data come from the WHO mortality databank. The types of cancers (lung, liver, breast, stomach, oral, cervical, and leukemia) that constitute the burden of the disease differ from HICs to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Men continue to use tobacco in greater numbers than women so they face a growing risk of lung cancer while women in LMICs experience proportionately more breast and cervical cancer than in HICs where early detection and treatment are available. Projections for 2030 appear pessimistic about the future burden of cancer; nevertheless, targeted interventions including lifestyle changes and vaccination programs can counter factors like obesity, smoking, air pollution, alcohol consumption, and infections that are likely to give rise to cancers.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Rates of breast cancer are increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) partly as a result of an epidemiologic shift caused by lifestyle changes, later reproductive age, and longer life expectancy.
“Rates of breast cancer are increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) partly as a result of an epidemiologic shift caused by lifestyle changes, later reproductive age, and longer life expectancy.1”
From Model for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Low-Resource Areas: The Experience in Peru (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
Cites
Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012
Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., Parkin, D. M., Forman, D., & Bray, F. (2015) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.29210 · Cited by 28,766 · see citing works
Self-citationLozano, R., Naghavi, M., Foreman, K., Lim, S., Shibuya, K., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Adair, T., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61728-0 · Cited by 14,070 · see citing works
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., AlMazroa, M. A., Amann, M., Anderson, H. R., Andrews, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8 · Cited by 11,805 · see citing works
Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010.
Alwan, A. (2011) · Cited by 8,494 · see citing works
Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
(1966) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85849-9 · Cited by 5,936 · see citing works
Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective
Marmot, M. G., Atinmo, T., Byers, T., Chen, J., Hirohata, T., Jackson, A., James, W., Kolonel, L. N., Kumanyika, S., Leitzmann, C., et al. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5024 · Cited by 5,365 · see citing works
The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today
Doll, R., & Peto, R. (1981) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/66.6.1192 · Cited by 3,927 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Errors of death certification are well documented (Doll and Peto 1981); patients diagnosed with cancer, for example, may die of the disease without this being written on the death certificate, and such inaccuracies are known to vary considerably between countries and over time.”
The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today
Peto, R. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1117-2_30 · Cited by 3,504 · see citing works
Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends
Jemal, A., Center, M. M., DeSantis, C., & Ward, E. M. (2010) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0437 · Cited by 2,778 · see citing works
Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: a review and synthetic analysis
de Martel, C., Ferlay, J., Franceschi, S., Vignat, J., Bray, F., Forman, D., & Plummer, M. (2012) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70137-7 · Cited by 2,540 · see citing works
Self-citationThe State of US Health, 1990-2010: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors
Murray, C. J. L. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.13805 · Cited by 2,438 · see citing works
Bray, F., Jemal, A., Grey, N., Ferlay, J., & Forman, D. (2012) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70211-5 · Cited by 2,225 · see citing works
Self-citationChang, M.-H., Chen, C.-J., Lai, M.-S., Hsu, H.-M., Wu, T.-C., Kong, M.-S., Liang, D.-C., Shau, W.-Y., & Chen, D.-S. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199706263362602 · Cited by 1,883 · see citing works
21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States
Jha, P., Ramasundarahettige, C., Landsman, V., Rostron, B., Thun, M., Anderson, R. N., McAfee, T., & Peto, R. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1211128 · Cited by 1,767 · see citing works
Use and misuse of population attributable fractions
Rockhill, B., Newman, B., & Weinberg, C. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.15 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
Harper, D. M., Franco, E. L., Wheeler, C. M., Ferris, D. G., Jenkins, D., Schuind, A., Zahaf, T., Innis, B. L., Naud, P., de Carvalho, N. S., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17398-4 · Cited by 1,639 · see citing works
Raaschou‐Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z. J., Beelen, R. M. J., Samoli, E., Stafoggia, M., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B. H., Fischer, P. H., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Brunekreef, B., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70279-1 · Cited by 1,584 · see citing works
Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012
Ng, M., Freeman, M. K., Fleming, T. D., Robinson, M., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Thomson, B., Wollum, A., Sanman, E., Wulf, S., Lopez, A. D., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284692 · Cited by 1,576 · see citing works
Giles‐Corti, B., Broomhall, M. H., Knuiman, M. W., Collins, C. G., Douglas, K., Ng, K., Lange, A., & Donovan, R. J. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.018 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Effect of Three Decades of Screening Mammography on Breast-Cancer Incidence
Bleyer, A., & Welch, H. G. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1206809 · Cited by 1,371 · see citing works
Danaei, G., Hoorn, S. V., López, A. D., Murray, C. J. L., & Ezzati, M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67725-2 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & Sutherland, I. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
(1991) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84695-4 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Worldwide Variations in Colorectal Cancer
Jemal, A., Smith, R. A., & Ward, E. (2009) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.20038 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Salt intakes around the world: implications for public health
Brown, I. J., Tzoulaki, I., Candeias, V., & Elliott, P. (2009) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp139 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Obesity, and Risk for Colon Cancer and Adenoma in Men
Giovannucci, E. L., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-5-199503010-00002 · Cited by 1,011 · see citing works
The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality
Bray, F., McCarron, P., & Parkin, D. M. (2004) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr932 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Self-citationSuicide mortality in India: a nationally representative survey
Patel, V., Ramasundarahettige, C. F., Vijayakumar, L., Thakur, J., Gajalakshmi, V., Gururaj, G., Suraweera, W., & Jha, P. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60606-0 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Ovarian cancer and hormone replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
Beral, V. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60534-0 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences
Stevens, G. A., Singh, G. M., Lu, Y., Danaei, G., Lin, J. K., Finucane, M. M., Bahalim, A. N., McIntire, R. K., Gutierrez, H. R., Cowan, M. J., et al. (2012) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-10-22 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
International Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates
Jemal, A., & Ward, E. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0090 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Preventable Exposures Associated With Human Cancers
Cogliano, V. J., Baan, R. A., Straíf, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, B., Ghissassi, F. E., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim‐Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Freeman, C., et al. (2011) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djr483 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Pirie, K., Peto, R., Reeves, G. K., Green, J., & Beral, V. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61720-6 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action
Farmer, P. E., Frenk, J. M., Knaul, F. M., Shulman, L. N., Alleyne, G. A. O., Armstrong, L., Atun, R. A., Blayney, D. W., Chen, L., Feachem, R. G., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61152-x · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Karim‐Kos, H. E., de Vries, E., Soerjomataram, I., Lemmens, V. E. P. P., Siesling, S., & Coebergh, J. W. W. (2008) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2007.12.015 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Self-citationA mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact.
Goldstein, S. T., Zhou, F., Hadler, S. C., Bell, B. P., Mast, E. E., & Margolis, H. S. (2005) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyi206 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
(1980) · Environmental Pollution Series A Ecological and Biological · doi:10.1016/0143-1471(80)90144-0 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
Beral, V., Bull, D., & REEVES, G. K. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66455-0 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Stages of the cigarette epidemic on entering its second century
Thun, M., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Lopez, A. D. (2012) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050294 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Pischon, T., Lahmann, P. H., Boeing, H., Friedenreich, C., Norat, T., Tjønneland, A., Halkjaer, J., Overvad, K., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., et al. (2006) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djj246 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Cancer mortality in India: a nationally representative survey
Dikshit, R. P., Gupta, P. C., Ramasundarahettige, C. F., Gajalakshmi, V., Aleksandrowicz, L., Badwe, R. A., Kumar, R., Roy, S., Suraweera, W., Bray, F., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60358-4 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Self-citationAvoidable global cancer deaths and total deaths from smoking
Jha, P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2703 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Monninkhof, E. M., Elias, S. G., Vlems, F. A., van der Tweel, I., Schuit, A. J., Voskuil, D. W., & van Leeuwen, F. E. (2007) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000251167.75581.98 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Vaccarella, S., Lortet‐Tieulent, J., Plummer, M., Franceschi, S., & Bray, F. (2013) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2013.04.024 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citationHerrero, R., Quint, W. G. V., Hildesheim, A., González, P., Struijk, L., Katki, H. A., Porras, C., SCHIFFMAN, M. H., Rodríguez, A. C., Solomon, D., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068329 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Cancer burden in Africa and opportunities for prevention
Jemal, A., Bray, F., Forman, D., O’Brien, M., Ferlay, J., & Parkin, D. M. (2012) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.27410 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationThe evolution of the population-based cancer registry
Parkin, D. M. (2006) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1948 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
The burden of cancer attributable to alcohol drinking
Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., Vecchia, C. L., Zatoński, W. A., & Rehm, J. T. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21903 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Availability of Recreational Resources and Physical Activity in Adults
Roux, A. V. D., Evenson, K. R., McGinn, A. P., Brown, D. G., Moore, L. V., Brines, S. J., & Jacobs, D. R. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.087734 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Cancer incidence in five continents : a technical report
Doll, R., Payne, P. M., & Waterhouse, J. A. H. (1966) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Role of smoking in global and regional cancer epidemiology: Current patterns and data needs
Ezzati, M., Henley, S. J., López, A. D., & Thun, M. J. (2005) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21100 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality trends in 37 European countries: An overview
Bray, F., Lortet‐Tieulent, J., Ferlay, J., Forman, D., & Auvinen, A. P. (2010) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.013 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, H.-H., Murray, M. B., Cohen, T., Colijn, C., & Ezzati, M. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61345-8 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Parkin, D. M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., & Jemal, A. (2014) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0281 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationBreast Cancer Risk in Relation to the Interval Between Menopause and Starting Hormone Therapy
Beral, V., REEVES, G. K., Bull, D., Green, J., & Collaborators, F. T. M. W. S. (2011) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djq527 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Estimates of global mortality attributable to particulate air pollution using satellite imagery
Evans, J., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Burnett, R. T., Rainham, D. G. C., Birkett, N., & Krewski, D. R. (2012) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.005 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction
Hanley, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.55.7.508 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Incident cancer burden attributable to excess body mass index in 30 European countries
Renehan, A. G., Soerjomataram, I., Tyson, M., Egger, M., Zwahlen, M., Coebergh, J. W. W., & Buchan, I. E. (2009) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.24803 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationCutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe
de Vries, E., & Coebergh, J. W. W. (2004) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2004.06.003 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Friedenreich, C. M., Norat, T., Steindorf, K., Boutron‐Ruault, M., Pischon, T., Mazuir, M., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., Linseisen, J., Boeing, H., Bergman, M. M., et al. (2006) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0595 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
(2002) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00637-8 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Nurses' Health Study: Log-Incidence Mathematical Model of Breast Cancer Incidence
Rosner, B., & Colditz, G. A. (1996) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/88.6.359 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Harriss, D., Atkinson, G., Batterham, A. M., George, K., Cable, N. T., Reilly, T. P., Haboubi, N. Y., & Renehan, A. G. (2009) · Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01767.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010
Wabinga, H. R., Nambooze, S., Amulen, P. M., Okello, C., Mbus, L. N., & Parkin, D. M. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28661 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Health and economic outcomes of HPV 16,18 vaccination in 72 GAVI-eligible countries
Goldie, S. J., O'Shea, M., Campos, N. G., Diaz, M., Sweet, S., & Kim, S.-Y. (2008) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.053 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Trends in the incidence of cancer in the black population of Harare, Zimbabwe 1991–2010
Chokunonga, E., Borok, M. Z., Chirenje, Z. M., Nyakabau, A. M., & Parkin, D. M. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28063 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Lortet-Tieulent, J., Renteria, E., Sharp, L., Weiderpass, E., Comber, H., Baas, P., Bray, F., Coebergh, J. W., & Soerjomataram, I. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2013.10.014 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citation(2019) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/41416.1532-1827 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Agudo, A., Bonet, C., Travier, N., Gonzalez, C. A., Vineis, P., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Trichopoulos, D., Boffetta, P., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., Boutron‐Ruault, M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2011.41.0183 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Shield, K. D., Rylett, M., Gmel, G. E., Gmel, G. E., Kehoe‐Chan, T. A. K., & Rehm, J. T. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12112 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Rehm, J. T. (2013) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v35.2.07 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
McCormack, V., & Boffetta, P. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq763 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Economic evaluations of hepatitis B immunization: a global review of recent studies (1994–2000)
Beutels, P. (2001) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.625 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The causes of cancer in France
Boffetta, P., Tubiana, M., Hill, C., Boniol, M., Aurengo, A., Masse, R. S., Valleron, A., Monier, R., de Thé, G., Boyle, P., et al. (2008) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn597 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Planning and Developing Population-Based Cancer Registration in Low- or Middle-Income Settings
Bray, F., Znaor, A., Cueva, P., Korir, A., Swaminathan, R., Ullrich, A., Wang, S. A., & Parkin, D. M. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimating the asbestos-related lung cancer burden from mesothelioma mortality
McCormack, V., Peto, J., Byrnes, G. B., Straíf, K., & Boffetta, P. (2012) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.563 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Are we winning the fight against cancer? An epidemiological assessment
Doll, S. R. (1990) · European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/0277-5379(90)90025-o · Cited by 103 · see citing works
(2011) · PubMed · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Immunization in the Developing World
Kane, M., Serrano, B., de Sanjosé, S., & Wittet, S. (2012) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.075 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
REEVES, G. K., Pirie, K. L., Green, J., Bull, D., Beral, V., & Collaborators, F. T. M. W. S. (2011) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.26460 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Urban greenways have the potential to increase physical activity levels cost-effectively
Dallat, M., Soerjomataram, I., Hunter, R. F., Tully, M. A., Cairns, K. J., & Kee, F. (2013) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt035 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationThe interpretation of time trends.
Cs, M., Fraumeni, J. F., & Doll, R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Africa's growing cancer burden: Environmental and occupational contributions
McCormack, V., & Schüz, J. (2011) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2011.09.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
(1863) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.134.89 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cancer causes and prevention: A condensed appraisal in Europe in 2008
Martin-Moreno, J. M., Soerjomataram, I., & Magnusson, G. (2008) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.02.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citation5. Cancers attributable to dietary factors in the UK in 2010
Parkin, D. M. (2011) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.478 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Soerjomataram, I., Pukkala, ., Brenner, H., et al. (2007) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9778-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationde Vries, E., Arnold, M., Altsitsiadis, E., Trakatelli, M. G., Hinrichs, B., Stockfleth, E., Coebergh, J. W. W., & on behalf of the EPIDERM Group (2012) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11087.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Specht, C., Bexten, S., Kölsch, E., & Pauels, H. (2001) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
7. Cancers attributable to dietary factors in the UK in 2010
Parkin, D. M. (2011) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.480 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Priorities for cancer prevention: lifestyle choices versus unavoidable exposures
Stewart, B. W. (2012) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70221-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ovarian cancer and hormone replacement therapy
Gompel, A., & Plu‐Bureau, G. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61436-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Talley, M. B. (2022) · doi:10.57709/1439178 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Model for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Low-Resource Areas: The Experience in Peru
Bain, C., Constant, T. H., Contreras, I., Vega, A. M. B., Jeronimo, J., & Tsu, V. (2018) · Journal of Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/jgo.17.00006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Caregiving Burden among Informal Caregivers of Cancer Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Ogunyemi, A., Umoru, A. K., Alabi, A. O., Adegboyega, B. C., & Otokpa, E. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-769222/v1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bray, F., & Soerjomataram, I.
- Venue
- Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 3): Cancer
- Publisher
- The World Bank
- Published
- 2015-11
- Pages
- 23-44
- OpenAlex
- W2417910850
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 20.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- global cancer burden, cancer incidence and mortality, low- and middle-income countries, high-income countries, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, tobacco use, lifestyle risk factors, cancer prevention, cancer control, cancer projections, non-communicable diseases, cancer vaccination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
