DNA polymerases and human diseases
Abstract
DNA polymerases function in DNA replication, repair, recombination and translesion synthesis. Currently, 15 DNA polymerase genes have been identified in human cells, belonging to four distinct families. In this review, we briefly describe the biochemical activities and known cellular roles of each DNA polymerase. Our major focus is on the phenotypic consequences of mutation or ablation of individual DNA polymerase genes. We discuss phenotypes of current mouse models and altered polymerase functions and the relationship of DNA polymerase gene mutations to human cell phenotypes. Interestingly, over 120 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in human populations that are predicted to result in nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions of DNA polymerases. We discuss the putative functional consequences of these SNPs in relation to human disease.
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Pol γ is the only replicative polymerase known to function in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair.
“Of the 17 human cellular DNA polymerases, polymerase gamma (Pol γ) is the only replicative polymerase known to function in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair (Bebenek and Kunkel, 2004; Ropp and Copeland, 1996; Sweasy et al., 2006).”
From Role of the mitochondrial DNA replication machinery in mitochondrial DNA mutagenesis, aging and age-related diseases (2017) · cites this paper as Sweasy et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Sweasy, J. B., Lauper, J. M., & Eckert, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Radiation Research
- Publisher
- Radiation Research Society
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 693-714
- ISSN
- 0033-7587 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5404
- OpenAlex
- W2122083165
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 273
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R21CA120098, R01CA080830, CA-16038, CA80830, CA120098, P01CA016038, CA 10006)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Keywords
- DNA polymerase, DNA replication, DNA repair, translesion synthesis, DNA recombination, mouse model, single nucleotide polymorphisms, nonsynonymous substitutions, human disease
- MeSH terms
- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Humans, Mutation, Neoplasms, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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