Cited by 200American Environmental and Regional HistoryEnvironmental Movements and Political EcologyNonprofit Sector and Volunteering

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The Organizational Structure of Local Environmentalism

Andrews, Kenneth, Edwards, Bob·2005·Mobilization: An International Quarterly

DOI 10.17813/maiq.10.2.028028u600744073

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Abstract

Based on a survey of the population of local environmental organizations in North Carolina, this article addresses fundamental questions about how local organizations are structured, their orientation toward strategy and social change, their activities, and their perceived impacts. By comparing subsets of local organizations in terms of their geographic scope, degree of professionalization, and tactical repertoires, we identify important patterns. First, locally oriented organizations that focus on a neighborhood, city, or county are more likely to be affiliated with a national organization than regional or state organizations, but they are less likely to participate in coalitions than groups working at the regional or state level. Second, organizations relying on a mixture of volunteers and professionals are more formalized and report higher levels of success at mobilizing people than those that rely exclusively on volunteers or professionals. However, groups that are volunteer-based are more likely to engage in partisan activity and have diverse environmental philosophies, but less likely to use conventional advocacy tactics like lobbying and less likely to have a nonprofit tax status. Finally, organizations engaging in disruptive and routinized protest strategies tend to be more similar to one another than they are to organizations that rely exclusively on moderate tactical repertoires such as lobbying or environmental education.

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Authors: Andrews, K., & Edwards, B.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
East Carolina University (US)
ORCID: Andrews, Kenneth
Edwards, Bob
Venue: Mobilization: An International Quarterly
Publisher: Mobilization Journal
Published: 2005-06-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Pages: 213-234
ISSN: 1086-671X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.17813/maiq.10.2.028028u600744073
OpenAlex: W35084577
Cited by: 200
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 13.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Mobilization An International Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › American Environmental and Regional History
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Environmental Movements and Political Ecology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Keywords: organizational structure, professionalization, volunteer-based organizations, protest tactics, lobbying, coalition building, environmental advocacy, North Carolina

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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The Organizational Structure of Local Environmentalism

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

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Metadata

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