The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: Advancing Adaptive and Personalized Learning
Open accessAbstract
The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) into adaptive and personalized learning represents a transformative shift in the educational landscape.This research paper investigates the impact of incorporating generative AI into adaptive and personalized learning environments, with a focus on tracing the evolution from conventional artificial intelligence methods to generative AI and identifying its diverse applications in education.The study begins with a comprehensive review of the evolution of generative AI models and frameworks.A framework of selection criteria is established to curate case studies showcasing the applications of generative AI in education.These case studies are analysed to elucidate the benefits and challenges associated with integrating generative AI into adaptive learning frameworks.Through an in-depth analysis of selected case studies, the study reveals tangible benefits derived from generative AI integration, including increased student engagement, improved test scores and accelerated skill development.Ethical, technical and pedagogical challenges related to generative AI integration are identified, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and collaborative efforts between educators and technologists.The findings underscore the transformative potential of generative AI in revolutionizing education.By addressing ethical concerns, navigating technical challenges and embracing human-centric approaches, educators and technologists can collaboratively harness the power of generative AI to create innovative and inclusive learning environments.Additionally, the study highlights the transition from Education 4.0 to Education 5.0, emphasizing the importance of social-emotional learning and human connection alongside personalization in shaping the future of education.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Students' varying levels of AI literacy, prior experience, and confidence impact how they engage with AI tools.
“Students' varying levels of AI literacy, prior experience, and confidence further impact how they engage with these tools (Guettala et al., 2024 ).”
From Socratic Mind: Impact of a Novel GenAI-Powered Formative Assessment Tool on Student Learning and Higher-Order Thinking (2026) · cites this paper as Guettala et al., 2024
The Introduction discusses tailoring learning to students’ preferences and proficiencies, and the ‘Enhanced student engagement’ section links personalized content to engagement. Neither addresses whether students’ AI literacy, prior experience, or confidence affects how they engage with AI tools; searches for those terms found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126
LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Touvron, H., Lavril, T., Izacard, G., Martinet, X., Lachaux, M.-A., Lacroix, T., Rozière, B., Goyal, N., Hambro, E., Azhar, F., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2302.13971 · Cited by 4,602
BAİDOO-ANU, D., & OWUSU ANSAH, L. (2023) · Journal of AI · doi:10.61969/jai.1337500 · Cited by 3,939
Baidoo-Anu, D., & Owusu Ansah, L. (2023) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4337484 · Cited by 3,004
Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence
Moor, M., Banerjee, O., Abad, Z. S. H., Krumholz, H. M., Leskovec, J., Topol, E. J., & Rajpurkar, P. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05881-4 · Cited by 2,028
Generative AI and ChatGPT: applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration
Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Zheng, R., Cai, J., Siau, K., & Chen, L. (2023) · Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research · doi:10.1080/15228053.2023.2233814 · Cited by 1,363
Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100790 · Cited by 1,261
A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models
Naveed, H., Khan, A. U., Qiu, S., Saqib, M., Anwar, S., Usman, M., Akhtar, N., Barnes, N., & Mian, A. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · doi:10.1145/3744746 · Cited by 1,257
Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31161 · Cited by 995
Data governance: Organizing data for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence
Janssen, M., Brous, P., Estevez, E., Barbosa, L. S., & Janowski, T. (2020) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2020.101493 · Cited by 811
Bahroun, Z., Anane, C., Ahmed, V., & Zacca, A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151712983 · Cited by 784
Bandi, A., Adapa, P. V. S. R., & Kuchi, Y. E. V. P. K. (2023) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi15080260 · Cited by 638
The role of ChatGPT in higher education: Benefits, challenges, and future research directions
(2023) · Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching · doi:10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.29 · Cited by 561
Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3
Binz, M., & Schulz, E. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2218523120 · Cited by 559
Generative AI in Education and Research: Opportunities, Concerns, and Solutions
Alasadi, E. A., & Baiz, C. R. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00323 · Cited by 463
Jiang, A. Q., Sablayrolles, A., Mensch, A., Bamford, C., Chaplot, D. S., Casas, D. D. L., Bressand, F., Lengyel, G., Lample, G., Saulnier, L., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.06825 · Cited by 340
The ethical use of artificial intelligence in human resource management: a decision-making framework
Bankins, S. (2021) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-021-09619-6 · Cited by 181
Large Language Models as Optimizers
Yang, C., Wang, X., Lu, Y., Liu, H., Le, Q. V., Zhou, D., & Chen, X. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.03409 · Cited by 151
Memorization Without Overfitting: Analyzing the Training Dynamics of Large Language Models
Tirumala, K., Markosyan, A., Zettlemoyer, L., & Aghajanyan, A. (2022) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 · doi:10.52202/068431-2773 · Cited by 67
Is Temperature the Creativity Parameter of Large Language Models?
Peeperkorn, M., Kouwenhoven, T., Brown, D., & Jordanous, A. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.00492 · Cited by 52
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 94
- 10.4135/9781412985277 · DOI
- 10.14264/971f444 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICAC353642.2021.9697300 · DOI
- 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3272479 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2301.04518 · DOI
- 10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20349-X · DOI
- Bozkurt, 2023, Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI): A collective reflection from the educational landscape. Asian Journal of, Distance Education, 18, 53
- 10.3390/educsci14030281 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2303.04226 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.452 · DOI
- 10.1109/AIxVR59861.2024.00011 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10462-022-10275-5 · DOI
- 10.1109/MSP.2017.2765202 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_2 · DOI
- 10.36227/techrxiv.24045792.v1 · DOI
- 10.1038/s42256-023-00626-4 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.48550/arXiv.1606.05908 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.3390/app13053056 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.07.007 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICCV51070.2023.01707 · DOI
- 10.1080/19345747.2023.2174919 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-981-99-6062-0_34 · DOI
- Gimpel, 2023, Unlocking the power of generative AI models and systems such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT for higher education: A guide for students and lecturers. University of Hohenheim
- 10.1561/2200000089 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2301.04246 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1145/3422622 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.46999/ARXN5612 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2404.07654 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICISAT54145.2021.9678434 · DOI
- 10.18844/wjet.v15i4.9091 · DOI
- 10.1109/ACIT57182.2022.9994205 · DOI
- 10.1103/PhysRevX.8.031012 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2403.14608 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.3390/ime2030019 · DOI
- 10.1145/3334480.3383051 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.48550/arXiv.1801.04271 · DOI
- Hoffmann, 2022, Training compute optimal large language models, 10.52202/068431-2176 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.18653/v1/P18-1031 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.48550/arXiv.2404.14047 · DOI
- 10.1109/LRA.2020.3043163 · DOI
- Johri, 2023, Ethical concerns and responsible use of generative artificial intelligence in engineering education. Practice papers. Technological University Dublin
- 10.2196/48163 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-02 · DOI
- Khanzode, 2020, Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence and machine learning: A literature review. International Journal of, Library & Information Science, 9, 30
- Kleinbaum, 2002, Logistic regression. Springer
- 10.3390/computers12080151 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s40593-019-00186-y · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-031-36336-8_81 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00019-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Mao, 2023, GPTEval: A survey on assessments of ChatGPT and GPT-4
- 10.1080/10447318.2022.2108563 · DOI
- 10.2190/EC.43.4.d · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-658-23095-1 · DOI
- 10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.34 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.48550/arXiv.2307.06435 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/nbt1206-1565 · DOI
- Nysom, 2023, AI Generated Feedback for Students' Assignment Submissions: A case study in generating feedback for students' submissions using ChatGPT. Master project. University College of Northern Denmark
- Openai, 2024, GPT-4o
- Opderbeck, 2019, Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceuticals, Biologics, and Medical Devices: Present and Future Regulatory Models, Fordham Law Review, 88, 88
- 10.1086/726042 · DOI
- 10.3390/info14040242 · DOI
- 10.5944/ried.27.1.37716 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1243/095440605X8298 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.patcog.2022.109130 · DOI
- 10.1016/B978-0-08-051581-6.50061-1 · DOI
- 10.61577/ibsm.2024.100002 · DOI
- 10.1115/1.4053859 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.ress.2023.109126 · DOI
- 10.1162/tacl_a_00485 · DOI
- Shanto, 2024, Enriching Learning Process with Generative AI: A Proposed Framework to Cultivate Critical Thinking in Higher Education using Chat GPT, Journal of Propulsion Technology, 45, 3019
- 10.48550/arXiv.1909.08053 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00257 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102700 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.7759/cureus.39384 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.650 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.1904.09408 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1080/10494820.2020.1808794 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.48550/arXiv.2304.03516 · DOI · Paper page
- Watters, 2023, Teaching machines: The history of personalized learning. MIT Press
- 10.1002/0471704091 · DOI
- 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.022140 · DOI
- 10.2991/978-94-6463-264-4_66 · DOI
- 10.1021/acsomega.1c05145 · DOI
- 10.3390/jtaer18010013 · DOI
- 10.1109/ECAI54874.2022.9847414 · DOI
- 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968045 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2303.07909 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100339 · DOI
- Zheng, 2023, Revisiting discriminative vs. generative classifiers: Theory and implications
- 10.1109/TIFS.2013.2286456 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-981-15-1967-3 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.340 · DOI
- 10.1136/jme-2023-108909 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shaping generative AI governance in higher education: Insights from student perception
Barus, O. P., Hidayanto, A. N., Handri, E. Y., Sensuse, D. I., & Yaiprasert, C. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Research Open · doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100452 · Cited by 93
Lee, J., Hung, J.-T., Yilmaz Soylu, M., Popescu, D., Cui, C. Z., Grigoryan, G., Joyner, D. A., & Harmon, S. W. (2026) · Technology, Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-026-10007-6 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Guettala, M., Bourekkache, S., Kazar, O., & Harous, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Biskra (DZ)
- University of Sharjah (AE)
- Corresponding author
- Guettala, Manel
- Venue
- Acta Informatica Pragensia
- Published
- 2024-08-22
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 460-489
- ISSN
- 1805-4951 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401727214
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 126 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 88.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Acta Informatica Pragensia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- generative AI, adaptive learning, personalized learning, artificial intelligence in education, student engagement, test scores, skill development, ethical challenges of AI, educational challenges, human-centered AI, Education 5.0, Education 4.0, social-emotional learning, inclusive learning environment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review