ColBERTv2: Effective and Efficient Retrieval via Lightweight Late Interaction
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Keshav Santhanam, Omar Khattab, Jon Saad-Falcon, Christopher Potts, Matei Zaharia. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
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MaxSim has been shown to be both effective and computationally attractive in multi-vector retrieval systems.
“This winner-take-all formulation has been shown to be both effective and computationally attractive in multi-vector retrieval systems [1, 4, 5].”
From Spike Hijacking in Late-Interaction Retrieval (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
HippoRAG outperforms state-of-the-art RAG methods on multi-hop question answering by up to 20%.
“We compare HippoRAG with existing RAG methods on multi-hop question answering (QA) and show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods remarkably, by up to 20 %.”
From HippoRAG: Neurobiologically Inspired Long-Term Memory for Large Language Models (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
The BEIR section reports ColBERTv2 retrieval results, including improvements of up to 4.6 points over SPLADEv2 on open-domain QA queries. Searches for HippoRAG, multi-hop QA comparisons, and a 20% improvement found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed result. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Self-citationMIRACL : A Multilingual Retrieval Dataset Covering 18 Diverse Languages
Zhang, X., Thakur, N., Ogundepo, O., Kamalloo, E., Alfonso-Hermelo, D., Li, X., Liu, Q., Rezagholizadeh, M., & Lin, J. (2023) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00595 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing
Gou, Z., Shao, Z., Gong, Y., Shen, Y., Yang, Y., Duan, N., & Chen, W. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.11738 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Implementation To improve generality, we avoid relying on task-specific retrievers (Santhanam et al., 2022; Khattab et al., 2022) that may lead to higher performance and overfitting.”
MethodEfficient Inverted Indexes for Approximate Retrieval over Learned Sparse Representations
Bruch, S., Nardini, F. M., Rulli, C., & Venturini, R. (2024) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657769 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Extending Context Window of Large Language Models via Positional Interpolation
Chen, S., Wong, S., Chen, L., & Tian, Y. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.15595 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
How to Train Your Dragon: Diverse Augmentation Towards Generalizable Dense Retrieval
Lin, S.-C., Asai, A., Li, M., Oğuz, B., Lin, J., Mehdad, Y., Yih, W.-T., & Chen, X. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.423 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Context-faithful Prompting for Large Language Models
Zhou, W., Zhang, S., Poon, H., & Chen, M. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.968 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
SimLM: Pre-training with Representation Bottleneck for Dense Passage Retrieval
Wang, L., Yang, N., Huang, X., Jiao, B., Yang, L., Jiang, D., Majumder, R., & Wei, F. (2023) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.125 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
When Language Model Meets Private Library
Zan, D., Chen, B., Lin, Z., Guan, B., Yongji, W., & Lou, J. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.21 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Jin, W., Wang, N., Zhang, L., Tian, X., Shi, B., & Zhao, B. (2025) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.067857 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
(2023) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.364 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Answering Questions by Meta-Reasoning over Multiple Chains of Thought
Yoran, O., Wolfson, T., Bogin, B., Katz, U., Deutch, D., & Berant, J. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2304.13007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gao, J., Gou, Y., Xu, Y., Yang, Y., Long, C., & Wong, R. C.-W. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data · doi:10.1145/3725413 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Transfer Learning Approaches for Building Cross-Language Dense Retrieval Models
Nair, S., Yang, E., Lawrie, D., Duh, K., McNamee, P., Murray, K., Mayfield, J., & Oard, D. W. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99736-6_26 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Query Performance Prediction for Neural IR: Are We There Yet?
Faggioli, G., Formal, T., Marchesin, S., Clinchant, S., Ferro, N., & Piwowarski, B. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28244-7_15 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
ConTextual Masked Auto-Encoder for Dense Passage Retrieval
Wu, D. D., Ma, G., Lin, M. S., Lin, Z., Wang, Z., & Hu, S. (2023) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25598 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Scaling Laws For Dense Retrieval
Fang, Y., Zhan, J., Ai, Q., Mao, J., Su, W., Chen, J., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657743 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
UDAPDR: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via LLM Prompting and Distillation of Rerankers
Saad-Falcon, J., Khattab, O., Santhanam, K., Florian, R., Franz, M., Roukos, S., Sil, A., Sultan, M. A., & Potts, C. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.693 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond Factuality: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models as Knowledge Generators
Liang, C., Deng, Y., Bian, Y., Qin, Z., Wu, B., Chua, T., & Wong, K. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.390 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Soft prompt tuning for augmenting dense retrieval with large language models
Peng, Z., Wu, X., Wang, Q., & Fang, Y. (2024) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112758 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dual retrieving and ranking medical large language model with retrieval augmented generation
Yang, Q., Zuo, H., Su, R., Su, H., Zeng, T., Zhou, H., Wang, R., Chen, J., Lin, Y., Chen, Z., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-00724-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Salemi, A., Pizzorno, J. A., & Zamani, H. (2023) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3539618.3591629 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Towards Effective and Efficient Sparse Neural Information Retrieval
Formal, T., Lassance, C., Piwowarski, B., & Clinchant, S. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3634912 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
TravelRAG: A Tourist Attraction Retrieval Framework Based on Multi-Layer Knowledge Graph
Song, S., Yang, C., Li, X., Shang, H., Li, Z., & Chang, Y. (2024) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi13110414 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
FRCL-MNER: A Finer Grained Rank-Based Contrastive Learning Framework for Multimodal NER
Yan, T., Zhao, S., Ma, W., Song, S., Wang, C., Rao, Z., Chen, S., Luo, Z., & Liu, X. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3528567 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
PROD: Progressive Distillation for Dense Retrieval
Lin, Z., Gong, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, H., Lin, C., Dong, A., Jiao, J., Lu, J., Jiang, D., Majumder, R., et al. (2023) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3543507.3583421 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
HippoRAG: Neurobiologically Inspired Long-Term Memory for Large Language Models
Gutiérrez, B. J., Shu, Y., Gu, Y., Yasunaga, M., & Su, Y. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.14831 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“This capacity for single-step multi-hop retrieval yields strong performance improvements of around 3 and 20 points over current RAG methods [8, 27, 41, 53, 54] on two popular multi-hop QA benchmarks, MuSiQue [60] and 2WikiMultiHopQA [25].”
InfluentialCorrectness is not Faithfulness in Retrieval Augmented Generation Attributions
Wallat, J., Heuss, M., Rijke, M. D., & Anand, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 International ACM SIGIR Conference on Innovative Concepts and Theories in Information Retrieval (ICTIR) · doi:10.1145/3731120.3744592 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Towards Query Performance Prediction for Neural Information Retrieval: Challenges and Opportunities
Faggioli, G., Formal, T., Lupart, S., Marchesin, S., Clinchant, S., Ferro, N., & Piwowarski, B. (2023) · ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval (ICTIR) · doi:10.1145/3578337.3605142 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Salemi, A., & Zamani, H. (2024) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657733 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Dense Representation Framework for Lexical and Semantic Matching
Lin, S.-C., & Lin, J. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3582426 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning Makes Generalized and Calibrated Neural Text Retrievers
Tam, W., Liu, X., Ji, K., Xue, L., Liu, J., Li, T., Dong, Y., & Tang, J. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.874 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fine-Grained Distillation for Long Document Retrieval
Zhou, Y., Shen, T., Geng, X., Tao, C., Shen, J., Long, G., Xu, C., & Jiang, D. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v38i17.29947 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Learning Retrieval Augmentation for Personalized Dialogue Generation
Huang, Q., Fu, S., Liu, X., Wang, W., Ko, T., Zhang, Y., & Tang, L. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.154 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Scaling Sparse and Dense Retrieval in Decoder-Only LLMs
Zeng, H., Killingback, J., & Zamani, H. (2025) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3726302.3730225 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zero-shot Query Contextualization for Conversational Search
Krasakis, A. M., Yates, A., & Kanoulas, E. (2022) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3477495.3531769 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Choi, E., Lee, S., Choi, M., Ko, H., Song, Y.-I., & Lee, J. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3511808.3557456 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Translate-Distill: Learning Cross-Language Dense Retrieval by Translation and Distillation
Yang, E., Lawrie, D., Mayfield, J., Oard, D. W., & Miller, S. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56060-6_4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Efficient Multi-vector Dense Retrieval with Bit Vectors
Nardini, F. M., Rulli, C., & Venturini, R. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56060-6_1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Reproducibility Study of PLAID
MacAvaney, S., & Tonellotto, N. (2024) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657856 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
SLIM: Sparsified Late Interaction for Multi-Vector Retrieval with Inverted Indexes
Li, M., Lin, S.-C., Ma, X., & Lin, J. (2023) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3539618.3591977 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Retrieval as Attention: End-to-end Learning of Retrieval and Reading within a Single Transformer
Jiang, Z., Gao, L., Wang, Z., Araki, J., Ding, H., Callan, J., & Neubig, G. (2022) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.149 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
RecJPQ: Training Large-Catalogue Sequential Recommenders
Petrov, A. V., & Macdonald, C. (2024) · ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) · doi:10.1145/3616855.3635821 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Evaluating Token-Level and Passage-Level Dense Retrieval Models for Math Information Retrieval
Zhong, W., Yang, J.-H., Xie, Y., & Lin, J. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-emnlp.78 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
DMDD: A Large-Scale Dataset for Dataset Mentions Detection
Pan, H., Zhang, Q., Dragut, E. C., Caragea, C., & Latecki, L. J. (2023) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00592 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bruch, S., Nardini, F. M., Rulli, C., & Venturini, R. (2024) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3627673.3679977 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Finding environmental-friendly chemical synthesis with AI and high-throughput robotics
Hao, V. V., Bui, K.-H., Khoa, D. D. D., Duong-Tuan, M., Le, D. D., & Nguyen-Dang, T. (2024) · Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices · doi:10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100818 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
M3DocVQA: Multi-Modal Multi-Page Multi-Document Understanding
Cho, J., Mahata, D., İrsoy, O., He, Y., & Bansal, M. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops · doi:10.1109/iccvw69036.2025.00649 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Representation Sparsification with Hybrid Thresholding for Fast SPLADE-based Document Retrieval
Qiao, Y., Yang, Y., He, S., & Yang, T. (2023) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3539618.3592051 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Soft Prompt Decoding for Multilingual Dense Retrieval
Huang, Z., Zeng, H., Zamani, H., & Allan, J. (2023) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3539618.3591769 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lin, W., Blloshmi, R., Byrne, B., de Gispert, A., & Iglesias, G. (2023) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-short.133 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Learned Token Pruning in Contextualized Late Interaction over BERT (ColBERT)
Lassance, C., Maachou, M., Park, J., & Clinchant, S. (2022) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3477495.3531835 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Li, M., Lin, S.-C., Oğuz, B., Ghoshal, A., Lin, J., Mehdad, Y., Yih, W.-T., & Chen, X. (2023) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.663 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
SiReRAG: Indexing Similar and Related Information for Multihop ReasoningPreprint
Zhang, N., Choubey, P. K., Fabbri, A. R., Bernadett-Shapiro, G., Zhang, R., Mitra, P., Xiong, C., & Wu, C.-S. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/93o2s3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An Experimental Study on Pretraining Transformers from Scratch for IR
Lassance, C., Déjean, H., & Clinchant, S. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28244-7_32 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Toward Privacy-preserving Text Embedding Similarity with Homomorphic Encryption
Kim, D., Lee, G., & Oh, S. (2022) · Workshop on Financial Technology and Natural Language Processing (FinNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.finnlp-1.4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adapting Standard Retrieval Benchmarks to Evaluate Generated Answers
Arabzadeh, N., Bigdeli, A., & Clarke, C. L. A. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56060-6_26 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Private-library-oriented code generation with large language models
Zan, D., Chen, B., Gong, Y., Cao, J., Zhang, F., Wu, B., Guan, B., Yin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113934 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Moving Beyond Downstream Task Accuracy for Information Retrieval Benchmarking
Santhanam, K., Saad-Falcon, J., Franz, M., Khattab, O., Sil, A., Florian, R., Sultan, M. A., Roukos, S., Zaharia, M., & Potts, C. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.738 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationKazi, S., Khoja, S., & Daud, A. (2025) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2025.100756 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Joint Optimization of Multi-vector Representation with Product Quantization
Fang, Y., Zhan, J., Liu, Y., Mao, J., Zhang, M., & Ma, S. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17120-8_49 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Improving RAG Quality for Large Language Models with Topic-Enhanced Reranking
Ampazis, N. (2024) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63215-0_6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Thakur, N., Bonifacio, L., Fröbe, M., Bondarenko, A., Kamalloo, E., Potthast, M., Hagen, M., & Lin, J. (2024) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657861 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Investigating the Scalability of Approximate Sparse Retrieval Algorithms to Massive Datasets
Bruch, S., Nardini, F. M., Rulli, C., Venturini, R., & Venuta, L. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88714-7_43 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Efficient Constant-Space Multi-vector Retrieval
MacAvaney, S., Mallia, A., & Tonellotto, N. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88714-7_22 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Efficient Re-ranking with Cross-encoders via Early Exit
Busolin, F., Lucchese, C., Nardini, F. M., Orlando, S., Perego, R., Trani, S., & Veneri, A. (2025) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3726302.3729962 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
W-RAG: Weakly Supervised Dense Retrieval in RAG for Open-domain Question Answering
Nian, J., Peng, Z., Wang, Q., & Fang, Y. (2025) · ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval (ICTIR) · doi:10.1145/3731120.3744578 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Vach, M., Gliem, M., Weiss, D., Ivan, V. L., Hauke, F., Boschenriedter, C., Rubbert, C., & Caspers, J. (2025) · Clinical Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00062-025-01562-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Attacking Open-domain Question Answering by Injecting Misinformation
Pan, L., Chen, W., Kan, M.-Y., & Wang, W. Y. (2023) · Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 3rd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.ijcnlp-main.35 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Data Augmentation and Large Language Model for Legal Case Retrieval and Entailment
Bui, M.-Q., Do, D.-T., Le, N.-K., Nguyen, D.-H., Nguyen, K.-V.-H., Anh, T. P. N., & Nguyen, L.-M. (2024) · The Review of Socionetwork Strategies · doi:10.1007/s12626-024-00158-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
One Blade for One Purpose: Advancing Math Information Retrieval using Hybrid Search
Zhong, W., Lin, S.-C., Yang, J.-H., & Lin, J. (2023) · Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3539618.3591746 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Exploring Dense Retrieval for Dialogue Response Selection
Lan, T., Cai, D., Wang, Y., Su, Y., Huang, H., & Mao, X.-L. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3632750 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lian, X., Wang, S., Zou, H., Liu, F., Wu, J., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering. · doi:10.1145/3729347 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
WARP: An Efficient Engine for Multi-Vector Retrieval
Scheerer, J. L., Zaharia, M., Potts, C., Alonso, G., & Khattab, O. (2025) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3726302.3729904 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLLM-augmented multi-agent cooperative framework for medical case retrieval in cardiology
Deng, L., Hu, H., Lu, K., & He, P. (2025) · Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s44443-025-00311-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
CoSPLADE: Contextualizing SPLADE for Conversational Information Retrieval
Le, N. H., Gerald, T., Formal, T., Nie, J., Piwowarski, B., & Soulier, L. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28244-7_34 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
RetroMAE-2: Duplex Masked Auto-Encoder For Pre-Training Retrieval-Oriented Language Models
Liu, Z., Xiao, S., Shao, Y., & Cao, Z. (2023) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.148 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dong, Q., Liu, Y., Ai, Q., Li, H., Wang, S., Liu, Y., Yin, D., & Ma, S. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3583780.3614923 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Improving First-stage Retrieval of Point-of-interest Search by Pre-training Models
Mei, L., Mao, J., Hu, J., Tan, N., Chai, H., & Wen, J.-R. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3631937 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
TriSampler: A Better Negative Sampling Principle for Dense Retrieval
Zhen, Y., Shao, Z., Dong, Y., & Tang, J. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v38i8.28779 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Enhancing Large Language Models Through External Domain Knowledge
Welz, L., & Lanquillon, C. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60615-1_9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
HiPerRAG: High-Performance Retrieval Augmented Generation for Scientific Insights
Gökdemir, O., Siebenschuh, C., Brace, A., Wells, A. I., Hsu, B., Hippe, K., Setty, P. V., Ajith, A., Pauloski, J. G., Sastry, V. K., et al. (2025) · Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference (PASC) · doi:10.1145/3732775.3733586 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stochastic Retrieval-Conditioned Reranking
Zamani, H., Bendersky, M., Metzler, D., Zhuang, H., & Wang, X. (2022) · ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval (ICTIR) · doi:10.1145/3539813.3545141 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Learning Multi-Stage Multi-Grained Semantic Embeddings for E-Commerce Search
Wang, B., Li, M., Zeng, Z., Zhuo, J., Wang, S., Xu, S., Long, B., & Yan, W. (2023) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3543873.3584638 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Predictive Uncertainty-based Bias Mitigation in Ranking
Heuss, M., Cohen, D., Mansoury, M., de Rijke, M., & Eickhoff, C. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3583780.3615011 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Distillation for Multilingual Information Retrieval
Yang, E., Lawrie, D., & Mayfield, J. (2024) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3626772.3657955 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Effective Inference-Free Retrieval for Learned Sparse Representations
Nardini, F. M., Nguyen, T. D.-M., Rulli, C., Venturini, R., & Yates, A. (2025) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3726302.3730185 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hypencoder: Hypernetworks for Information Retrieval
Killingback, J., Zeng, H., & Zamani, H. (2025) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3726302.3729983 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Yuan, W., Jiang, Z., Peng, L., Chen, S., & Tan‐Soo, J. (2025) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2025.104090 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dense Retrieval with Entity Views
Tran, H. D., & Yates, A. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3511808.3557285 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Multivariate Representation Learning for Information Retrieval
Zamani, H., & Bendersky, M. (2023) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3539618.3591740 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
MASTER: Multi-task Pre-trained Bottlenecked Masked Autoencoders Are Better Dense Retrievers
Zhou, K., Liu, X., Gong, Y., Zhao, W. X., Jiang, D., Duan, N., & Wen, J.-R. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43415-0_37 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Towards a Unified Framework for Reference Retrieval and Related Work Generation
Shi, Z., Gao, S., Zhang, Z., Chen, X., Chen, Z., Ren, P., & Ren, Z. (2023) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (Findings of EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.385 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
GLEN: Generative Retrieval via Lexical Index Learning
Lee, S., Choi, M., & Lee, J. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.477 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Santhanam, K., Khattab, O., Saad-Falcon, J., Potts, C., & Zaharia, M.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies
- Published
- 2022
- Pages
- 3715-3734
- OpenAlex
- W3217305727
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 123 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 18
- FWCI
- 51.41
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1651570, CAREER)
- Cisco Systems
- VMware
- Ant Financial Services Group
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
- Keywords
- Colbert, efficient retrieval, dense retrieval, word embeddings
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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