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Experiential Avoidance as a Mediator of the Effects of Adolescent Sexual Victimization on Negative Adult Outcomes
Abstract
The study examined experiential avoidance as a mediator between sexual victimization and negative adult outcomes. Baron and Kenny's (1986) regression analyses were performed on a sample of 304 undergraduate women to assess direct and indirect effects of sexual victimization on depressive, psychological distress, and alcohol abuse symptoms. Experiential avoidance accounted for statistically significant, but modest effects of victimization on depressive and distress symptoms. Child sexual abuse was not directly associated with experiential avoidance or negative outcomes, but increased vulnerability for adolescent sexual victimization. Adolescent sexual victimization contributed to increased experiential avoidance, which was associated with greater negative outcomes. These results uniquely contribute to the existing literature linking experiential avoidance to psychological problems.
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“To illustrate, EA was found to mediate the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and later psychological symptoms in adulthood in several samples [20,21].”
From Measuring Experiential Avoidance: Evidence toward Multidimensional Predictors of Trauma Sequelae (2017) · cites this paper as [20]
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“These findings are consistent with previous research findings of a relationship between childhood sexual abuse and self-reported experiential avoidance (Batten et al., 2001; Marx & Sloan, 2002; Polusny et al., 2004), and document the potential role of physical and emotional abuse in the risk for experiential avoidance…”
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“There is ample evidence for experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility as problematic processes linking trauma to diminished well-being (e.g., Polusny et al., 2004; Orcutt et al., 2005).”
SEVERITY OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND REVICTIMIZATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COPING AND TRAUMA SYMPTOMS
Fortier, M. A., DiLillo, D., Messman‐Moore, T. L., Peugh, J., DeNardi, K. A., & Gaffey, K. J. (2009) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01503.x · Cited by 169
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“Greater use of avoidance has been associated with psychopathology, including anxiety (Craske & Hazlett-Stevens, 2002), depressive symptoms (Polusny et al., 2004), severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology (Boeschen, Koss, Figueredo, & Coan, 2001), substance abuse (Stasiewicz &…”
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Glover, D. A., Loeb, T. B., Carmona, J. V., Sciolla, A., Zhang, M., Myers, H. F., & Wyatt, G. E. (2010) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299730903502920 · Cited by 82
“This is consistent with previous findings that a general tendency to avoid or escape from unpleasant internal experiences may be a specific factor that exacerbates psychological distress among women with a history of childhood ( Rosenthal, Rasmussen Hall, Palm, Batten, & Follette, 2005 ) or adolescent ( Polusny, Rosen…”
ResultAsberg, K. K., & Renk, K. (2012) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2012.669446 · Cited by 69
Ensink, K., Borelli, J. L., Normandin, L., Target, M., & Fonagy, P. (2020) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000407 · Cited by 78
Boykin, D. M., Himmerich, S. J., Pinciotti, C. M., Miller, L. M., Miron, L. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.003 · Cited by 82
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Self-citationGold, S. D., Dickstein, B. D., Marx, B. P., & Lexington, J. M. (2009) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01474.x · Cited by 72
“Research has consistently indicated that the avoidant behaviors and coping styles consistent with experiential avoidance (e.g., emotion suppression, substance abuse, dissociation) are associated with increased PTSD symptom severity (Gold et al., 2007; Marx & Sloan, 2002, 2005; Polusny et al., 2004).”
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“Similarly, avoidance has been shown to partially mediate the relationship between adolescent sexual victimization and negative outcomes in adulthood ( Polusny, Rosenthal, Aban, & Follette, 2004 ).”
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“Several recent studies indicate that experiential avoidance may play an important role also in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (Batten et al., 2001; Marx and Sloan, 2002; Plumb et al., 2004; Polusny et al., 2004; Tull et al., 2004).”
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“Experiential avoidance is associated with psychological distress and numerous clinical problems including substance abuse, somatization, self-harm behaviors, depression, anxiety, and PTSD [39–41].”
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“We also attempted to replicate past findings that individuals who experience CSA are likely to experience sexual revictimization (Messman & Long, 1996; Polusny et al., 2004).”
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“This research has employed mediational analyses and found that experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between sexual victimization and psychological outcome (Bal et al. 2003; Marx and Sloan 2002; Polusny et al. 2004).”
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“Research has demonstrated that experiential avoidance additionally mediates the relationships between sexual victimization across the life span and symptoms of PTSD (Marx & Sloan, 2005; Merwin, Rosenthal, & Coffey, 2009; Polusny, Rosenthal, Aban, & Follette, 2004) and between psychological distress and other negative…”
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“Also, experiential avoidance has been shown to mediate the effects of workplace stressors (Kurz et al., 2014), sexual victimization (Merwin et al., 2009; Polusny et al., 2004), exposure to community violence (Li et al., 2018b), and childhood abuse (Ghazanfari et al., 2018) on depressive symptoms.”
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“Experiential avoidance, defined as the deliberate avoidance of unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or sensations, has been associated with worse psychological symptoms in survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) (Batten et al., 2001; Polusny et al., 2004; Rosenthal et al., 2005; Sigmon et al., 1996).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Polusny, M. A., Rosenthal, M. Z., Aban, I., & Follette, V. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Venue
- Violence and Victims
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-120
- ISSN
- 0886-6708 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036722293
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 12.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence and Victims (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f31aa005456-01)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (1 F31 AA05456-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- experiential avoidance, adolescent sexual victimization, child sexual abuse, depression, psychological distress, women, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Child Abuse, Sexual, Depression, Female, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychometrics, Regression Analysis, Self Concept, Stress, Psychological, Students, Universities, Midwestern United States, Crime Victims
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