Burnout among the addiction counseling workforce: The differential roles of mindfulness and values-based processes and work-site factors

Vilardaga, Roger; Luoma, Jason B.; Hayes, Steven C.; Pistorello, Jacqueline; Levin, Michael E.; Hildebrandt, Mikaela J.; Kohlenberg, Barbara; Roget, Nancy A.; Bond, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.11.015

Cited by 142Stress and Burnout ResearchHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

Burnout among the addiction counseling workforce: The differential roles of mindfulness and values-based processes and work-site factors

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Vilardaga, Roger, Luoma, Jason B., Hayes, Steven C., Pistorello, Jacqueline, Levin, Michael E., Hildebrandt, Mikaela J., Kohlenberg, Barbara, Roget, Nancy A. +1 more·2011·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

DOI 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.11.015PMC PMC3081943

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Abstract

Although work-site factors have been shown to be a consistent predictor of burnout, the importance of mindfulness and values-based processes among addiction counselors has been little examined. In this study, we explored how strongly experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and values commitment related to burnout after controlling for well-established work-site factors (job control, coworker support, supervisor support, salary, workload, and tenure). We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 699 addiction counselors working for urban substance abuse treatment providers in six states of the United States. Results corroborated the importance of work-site factors for burnout reduction in this specific population, but we found that mindfulness and values-based processes had a stronger and more consistent relationship with burnout as compared with work-site factors. We conclude that interventions that target experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and values commitment may provide a possible new direction for the reduction of burnout among addiction counselors.

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Findings from this study confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in physical fatigue (14%).
“Commensurate with several previous studies (McCracken & Yang, 2008; Noone & Hastings, 2011; Vilardaga et al., 2011), findings from this study also confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in psychological distress (31%), and several aspects of burnout: physical fatigue (14%)”
From Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion (2022) · cites this paper as Vilardaga et al., 2011
The Results (§3.2; page unavailable) report that ACT processes, including values commitment, significantly predicted burnout dimensions and explained 12% of the variance in exhaustion. But the Methods (§2.2.3; page unavailable) distinguish the study’s measure of emotional exhaustion from physical debilitation; the paper does not establish a result for physical fatigue. The 14% figure is presented as the citing study’s own finding, not Vilardaga et al.’s. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Findings from this study confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in psychological distress (31%).
“Commensurate with several previous studies (McCracken & Yang, 2008; Noone & Hastings, 2011; Vilardaga et al., 2011), findings from this study also confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in psychological distress (31%)”
From Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion (2022) · cites this paper as Vilardaga et al., 2011
The Results (section 3.2; page unavailable) show that ACT processes, including commitment to values, explained additional variance in burnout among addiction counselors. That supports the comparison to previous findings, but this paper studied burnout rather than psychological distress. The 31% figure describes the citing authors’ own study, not a result attributed to Vilardaga et al. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Findings from this study confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in emotional exhaustion (8%).
“Commensurate with several previous studies (McCracken & Yang, 2008; Noone & Hastings, 2011; Vilardaga et al., 2011), findings from this study also confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in psychological distress (31%), and several aspects of burnout: physical fatigue (14%), emotional exha”
From Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion (2022) · cites this paper as Vilardaga et al., 2011
Findings from this study confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in cognitive weariness (10%).
“Commensurate with several previous studies (McCracken & Yang, 2008; Noone & Hastings, 2011; Vilardaga et al., 2011), findings from this study also confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in psychological distress (31%), and several aspects of burnout: physical fatigue (14%), emotional exha”
From Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion (2022) · cites this paper as Vilardaga et al., 2011

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McGovern, M. P., Xie, H., Segal, S. R., Siembab, L., & Drake, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.05.003 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Clinical supervision, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intention: A study of substance abuse treatment counselors in the Clinical Trials Network of the National Institute on Drug Abuse
Knudsen, H. K., Ducharme, L. J., & Roman, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2008.02.003 · Cited by 163 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…studies examining processes predicting burnout among addiction counselors (e.g., Broome, Knight, Edwards, & Flynn, 2009; Ducharme et al., 2008; Knudsen et al., 2008, 2009; Ogborne et al., 1998; Peterson, 1990), and mindfulness treatments have received increasing attention in the substance…”
Turnover intention and emotional exhaustion "at the top": Adapting the job demands-resources model to leaders of addiction treatment organizations.
Knudsen, H. K., Ducharme, L. J., & Roman, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013822 · Cited by 157 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…studies examining processes predicting burnout among addiction counselors (e.g., Broome, Knight, Edwards, & Flynn, 2009; Ducharme et al., 2008; Knudsen et al., 2008, 2009; Ogborne et al., 1998; Peterson, 1990), and mindfulness treatments have received increasing attention in the substance…”
Work control and employee well-being: A decade review
Terry, D. J., & Jimmieson, N. L. (1999) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The impact of job demands and behavioral control on experienced job stress
Perrewé, P. L., & Ganster, D. C. (1989) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030100303 · Cited by 151 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In particular, levels of job control and social support have shown to be reliable predictors of burnout (Ganster, Fusilier, & Mayes, 1986; Perrewe & Ganster, 1989).”
The effects of work control and job demands on employee adjustment and work performance
Sargent, L. D., & Terry, D. J. (1998) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1998.tb00674.x · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Bibliotherapy for Enhancing the Psychological Health of Japanese College Students Living Abroad
Muto, T., Hayes, S. C., & Jeffcoat, T. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.009 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence and determinants of burnout among physical and occupational therapists.
Balogun, J. A., Titiloye, V. M., Balogun, A. O., Oyeyemi, A. Y., & Katz, J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 141 · see citing works
In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis
Plumb, J. C., Stewart, I., Dahl, J., & Lundgren, T. (2009) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392177 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The toughest job you'll ever love: A Pacific Northwest Treatment Workforce Survey
Gallon, S. L., Gabriel, R. M., & Knudsen, J. R. W. (2003) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(03)00032-1 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Surfing the Urge: Experiential Acceptance Moderates the Relation Between Automatic Alcohol Motivation and Hazardous Drinking
Ostafin, B. D., & Marlatt, G. A. (2008) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.4.404 · Cited by 109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…attention in the substance abuse treatment field (e.g., Bowen et al., 2006; Carrico, Gifford, & Moos, 2007; Leigh, Bowen, & Marlatt, 2005; Ostafin & Marlatt, 2008), to our knowledge, no large study has yet examined the relationship between mindfulness and values-based processes (such as…”
Methods for Addressing Missing Data in Psychiatric and Developmental Research
Croy, C. D., & Novins, D. K. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000181044.06337.6f · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Leadership, burnout, and job satisfaction in outpatient drug-free treatment programs
Broome, K. M., Knight, D. K., Edwards, J. R., & Flynn, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2008.12.002 · Cited by 109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…burnout has been noted in a variety of settings, empirical studies exploring the nature and prevalence of burnout among addiction counselors are just starting to emerge (e.g., Broome et al., 2009; Ducharme et al., 2008; Knudsen et al., 2006, 2008, 2009; Ogborne et al., 1998; Peterson, 1990).”
Experiential avoidance as a mediator of the effects of adolescent sexual victimization on negative adult outcomes
Polusny, M. A., Rosenthal, M. Z., Aban, I., & Follette, V. M. (2004) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vivi.19.1.109.33238 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A randomized control trial examining the effect of acceptance and commitment training on clinician willingness to use evidence-based pharmacotherapy
Varra, A. A., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., & Fisher, G. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.3.449 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stress in Clinical Psychologists
Cushway, D., & Tyler, P. A. (1996) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076409604200208 · Cited by 99 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.11.015 Burnout also impacts other aspects of the counselors' functioning, including the counselor–client therapeutic relationship (Garner, 2006), the counselors' morale (Cushway & Tyler, 1996), and counselors' job efficacy and commitment (Maslach et al., 2001).”
Influential
Change in job conditions, change in psychological distress, and gender: a longitudinal study of dual-earner couples
BARNETT, R. C., & Brennan, R. T. (1997) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199705)18:3 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Spirituality/religiosity promotes acceptance-based responding and 12-step involvement
Carrico, A. W., Gifford, E. V., & Moos, R. H. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Supply Dynamics of the Mental Health Workforce: Implications for Health Policy
Ivey, S. L., Scheffler, R. M., & Zazzali, J. L. (1998) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.00078 · Cited by 79 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…are difficult to implement in treatment agencies due to their prevalent underfunding and chronic instability (Austad et al., 1992; Carpenter, 1999; Ivey et al., 1998; Manderscheid et al., 2000; Ogborne et al., 1998; Osborn, 2004), which are currently aggravated by the overall downturn in economic…”
A national study of the substance abuse treatment workforce
Mulvey, K. P., Hubbard, S., & Hayashi, S. (2003) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00322-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Seven Salutary Suggestions for Counselor Stamina
Osborn, C. J. (2004) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00317.x · Cited by 71 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…in treatment agencies due to their prevalent underfunding and chronic instability (Austad et al., 1992; Carpenter, 1999; Ivey et al., 1998; Manderscheid et al., 2000; Ogborne et al., 1998; Osborn, 2004), which are currently aggravated by the overall downturn in economic resources nationally.”
Influential
A contextual cognitive-behavioral analysis of rehabilitation workers' health and well-being: Influences of acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action.
McCracken, L. M., & Yang, S.-Y. (2008) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012854 · Cited by 69 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…self-stigma in addiction patients (Luoma, Kohlenberg, Hayes, Bunting, & Rye, 2008), increase adoption of evidence-based practices among addiction counselors (Luoma et al., 2007; Varra, Hayes, Roget, & Fisher, 2008), and reduce work-site stress (Bond & Bunce, 2001, 2003; McCracken & Yang, 2008).”
The U.S. Mental Health System of the 1990s
Manderscheid, R. W., Henderson, M. J., Witkin, M. J., & Atay, J. E. (2000) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0160-2527(00)00035-2 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…in treatment agencies due to their prevalent underfunding and chronic instability (Austad et al., 1992; Carpenter, 1999; Ivey et al., 1998; Manderscheid et al., 2000; Ogborne et al., 1998; Osborn, 2004), which are currently aggravated by the overall downturn in economic resources…”
Psychopathology and Psychotherapy
Wilson, K. G., Hayes, S. C., Gregg, J. A., & Zettle, R. D. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47638-x_12 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Maternal adjustment following preterm birth: Contributions of experiential avoidance
Greco, L. A., Heffner, M., Poe, S., Ritchie, S., Polak, M., & Lynch, S. K. (2005) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80066-8 · Cited by 51 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…such as sexual victimization and distress (Polusny, Rosenthal, Aban, & Follette, 2004), posttraumatic stress disorder (Marx & Sloan, 2005; Plumb, Orsillo, & Luterek, 2004), self-harm behaviors (Chapman, Gratz, & Brown, 2006), and parental distress and adjustment difficulties (Greco et al., 2005).”
Approach and Avoidance
(2011) · doi:10.1002/9781119976974.ch4 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…are known to be a key feature of the motivation to sustain healthy behaviors over time (Cohen, Garcia, Purdie-Vaughns, Apfel, & Brzustoski, 2009; Elliot & Harackiewicz, 1996; Sheldon & Elliot, 1999), and from an ACT perspective, burnout may be increased due to a disconnect between one's values…”
Augmenting continuing education with psychologically-focused group consultation: Effects on adoption of group drug counseling
Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., Twohig, M. P., Roget, N., Fisher, G., Padilla, M., Bissett, R., Holt, C., & Kohlenberg, B. (2007) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.44.4.463 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…self-stigma in addiction patients (Luoma, Kohlenberg, Hayes, Bunting, & Rye, 2008), increase adoption of evidence-based practices among addiction counselors (Luoma et al., 2007; Varra, Hayes, Roget, & Fisher, 2008), and reduce work-site stress (Bond & Bunce, 2001, 2003; McCracken & Yang, 2008).”
Self-citation
Solving the Puzzle
Panaritis, E. (2007) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230596221_6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Working in Addictions Treatment Services: Some Views of a Sample of Service Providers in Ontario
Ogborne, A. C., Braun, K., & Schmidt, G. (1998) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826089809059333 · Cited by 17 · cited 5× · see citing works
“…burnout has been noted in a variety of settings, empirical studies exploring the nature and prevalence of burnout among addiction counselors are just starting to emerge (e.g., Broome et al., 2009; Ducharme et al., 2008; Knudsen et al., 2006, 2008, 2009; Ogborne et al., 1998; Peterson, 1990).”
Influential
Teaching Self-Care: Taking Charge of Your Health
Kreitzer, M. J., Sierpina, V. S., & Delagran, L. (2009) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2009.05.010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The psychotherapist and the managed care setting.
Austad, C. S., Sherman, W. O., Morgan, T., & Holstein, L. (1992) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037//0735-7028.23.4.329 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Job rewards and concerns for social workers: The impact of changes in funding and delivery of mental health services
Carpenter, M. C. (1999) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377319909517583 · Cited by 7 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…restrictions on the delivery of services, changing certification and licensure standards, mandated clients, and clients that need special care (Austad, Sherman, Morgan, & Holstein, 1992; Carpenter, 1999; Ivey, Scheffler, & Zazzali, 1998; Manderscheid, Henderson, Witkin, & Atay, 2000; Osborn, 2004).”
The Toughest Job You'll Ever Love.
Hornig, J. F. (1995) · ACADEME University of Bohol Graduate School and Professional Studies · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Job Burnout among Employees in the Kuwaiti Civil Service and its Relationship with Type A Personality and Intention to Leave.
Al-Otaibi, A. G. (2003) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Burnout Workshops for Alcoholism Counselors.
Sarata, B. P. V. (1983) · Journal of alcohol and drug education · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The National Substance Abuse Treatment System: Facilities, Clients, Services, and Staffing
(2003) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e438492005-001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 106 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Festinger DS Rubenstein DF Marlowe DB Platt JJ 2001 Relapse: Contributing factors, causative models, and empirical considerations New Haven, CT, US Yale University Press
Garner BR 2006 The impact of counselor burnout on therapeutic relationships: A multilevel analytic approach Dissertation abstracts International 67 1-B 581
Hayes SC Melancon SM Ascher LM 1989 Comprehensive distancing, paradox, and the treatment of emotional avoidance Therapeutic paradox 184 218 New York Guilford Press
Hubbard RL Flynn PM Craddock SG Fletcher BW 2001 Relapse after drug abuse treatment New Haven, CT, US Yale University Press
Maslach C Schaufeli WB Leiter MP 2001 Job burnout Annual Review of Psychology 52 397 422 11148311
Peterson KH 1990 Occupational stress and burnout among addictions counselors Dissertation Abstracts International 50 10-B 2781 2782
Smith CS Tisak J Hahn SE Schmieder RA 1997 The measurement of job control Journal of Organizational Behavior 18 225 237
Zettle RD Hayes SC 1986 Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior The Analysis of Verbal Behavior 4 30 38 PMC2748463 22477508

Sorted by citations

Understanding Individual Compassion in Organizations: The Role of Appraisals and Psychological Flexibility
Atkins, P. W. B., & Parker, S. K. (2011) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0490 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Understanding individual resilience in the workplace: the international collaboration of workforce resilience model
Rees, C. S., Breen, L. J., Cusack, L., & Hegney, D. G. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00073 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Personal and Contextual Predictors of Mental Health Counselors' Compassion Fatigue and Burnout
Thompson, I. A., Amatea, E. S., & Thompson, E. S. (2014) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.36.1.p61m73373m4617r3 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
“Previous studies have reported associations of mindfulness and self-care with well-being (Richards et al., 2010) and associations between mindfulness and counselor burnout (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluential
Coping with Stress and Types of Burnout: Explanatory Power of Different Coping Strategies
Montero‐Marín, J., Prado-Abril, J., Demarzo, M., Gascón, S., & García‐Campayo, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089090 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Causes, Consequences, and Prevention of Burnout Among Substance Abuse Treatment Counselors: A Rural Versus Urban Comparison
Oser, C. B., Biebel, E. P., Pullen, E., & Harp, K. L. H. (2013) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.763558 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“For example, as the results of this research indicate, the nature of addiction itself presents considerable difficulties to counselors, which can result in burnout (Vilardaga et al. 2011; Najavits, CritsChristoph & Dierberger 2000).”
BackgroundResult
COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders as Brain Diseases: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper
Farhoudian, A., Baldacchino, A., Clark, N. C., Gerra, G., Ekhtiari, H., Dom, G., Mokri, A., Sadeghi, M., Nematollahi, P., Demasi, M., et al. (2020) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“This situation is compounded with evidence that counselors and therapists for PWUD are well-known as having a higher rate of burnout (Vilardaga et al., 2011) during usual practice.”
Background
Managing traumatic stress responses among clinicians: Individual and organizational tools for self-care
Sansbury, B. S., Graves, K. N., & Scott, W. (2014) · Trauma · doi:10.1177/1460408614551978 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A psychological flexibility -based intervention for Burnout:A randomized controlled trial
Puolakanaho, A., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, S. M., & Lappalainen, R. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.007 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Can We Predict Burnout among Student Nurses? An Exploration of the ICWR-1 Model of Individual Psychological Resilience
Rees, C. S., Heritage, B., Osseiran‐Moisson, R., Chamberlain, D. J., Cusack, L., Anderson, J., Terry, V. R., Rogers‐Clark, C., Hemsworth, D., Cross, W. M., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01072 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Los procesos de estrés laboral y desgaste profesional (burnout): diferenciación, actualización y líneas de intervención
Rodríguez‐Carvajal, R., & de Rivas, S. (2011) · Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo · doi:10.4321/s0465-546x2011000500006 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Training in the workplace
Moran, D. J. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.031 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Preventing and Alleviating Compassion Fatigue Through Self-Care: An Educational Workshop for Nurses
Adimando, A. (2017) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/0898010117721581 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for professional staff burnout: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of controlled trials
Towey-Swift, K. D., Lauvrud, C., & Whittington, R. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.2022628 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Moreover, mindfulness and values-based processes have demonstrated a stronger and more consistent relationship with burnout than worksite factors (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Wellbeing, burnout, and safe practice among healthcare professionals: predictive influences of mindfulness, values, and self-compassion
Prudenzi, A., D. Graham, C., Flaxman, P. E., & O’Connor, D. B. (2022) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1898651 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Commensurate with several previous studies (McCracken & Yang, 2008; Noone & Hastings, 2011; Vilardaga et al., 2011), findings from this study also confirm the role played by mindfulness and values in explaining significant proportions of variance in psychological distress (31%), and several aspects…”
Result
Associations Among Attachment Style, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue in Health and Human Service Workers: A Systematic Review
West, A. L. (2015) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2014.988321 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“, 2006; Thompson, Amatea, & Thompson, 2014), mindfulness (Thompson et al., 2014; Vilardaga et al., 2011), spirituality (Galea, 2014), religiosity (Holland & Neimeyer, 2005; Zerach, 2013), and self-other awareness (Wagaman and Geiger, 2012).”
Deictic relational responding, empathy, and experiential avoidance as predictors of social anhedonia: Further contributions from relational frame theory
Vilardaga, R., Estévez, A., Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2012) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395811 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“…Follette, & Aban, 2001), depression (Zettle & Hayes, 1987), borderline personality disorder (gratz & gunderson, 2006), and psychosis (Bach & Hayes, 2002; gaudiano & Herbert, 2006; gaudiano, Herbert, & Hayes, 2010) to job stress (Bond & Bunce, 2001) and counseling burnout (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Self-citation
Self-help for stress and burnout without therapist contact: An online randomised controlled trial
Hofer, P. D., Waadt, M., Aschwanden, R., Milidou, M., Acker, J., Meyer, A. H., Lieb, R., & Gloster, A. T. (2018) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2017.1402389 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Mindfulness and values-based processes have been found to have a stronger and more consistent relationship with burnout as compared to work-site factors (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Result
Psychological flexibility in depression relapse prevention: processes of change and positive mental health in group-based ACT for residual symptoms
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R. D., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00528 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Various studies have found a relationship between values and psychological distress (Wilson et al., 2010; Vilardaga et al., 2011; Vowles et al., 2011).”
Background
Nurse Experience of Participation in a Mindfulness-Based Self-Care and Resiliency Intervention
Slatyer, S., Craigie, M., Rees, C., Davis, S., Dolan, T., & Hegney, D. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0802-2
Quality of clinical supervision and counselor emotional exhaustion: The potential mediating roles of organizational and occupational commitment
Knudsen, H. K., Roman, P., & Abraham, A. (2013) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2012.12.003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“…issue affecting individual and organizational performance in human services (Morse, Salyers, Rollins, Monroe-Devita, & Pfahler, in press; Paris & Hoge, 2010), especially among those engaged in treating substance use disorders (SUDs) (Broome, Knight, Flynn, & Edwards, 2009; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Relationship between psychological flexibility and work-related quality of life for healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Garner, E. V., & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.06.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Burnout and depression in medical students: Relations with avoidance and disengagement
Kroska, E. B., Calarge, C., O’Hara, M. W., Deumic, E., & Dindo, L. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.08.003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Process-based functional analysis can help behavioral science step up to novel challenges: COVID - 19 as an example
Hayes, S. C., Hofmann, S. G., & Stanton, C. E. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
Listopad, I. W., Michaelsen, M. M., Werdecker, L., & Esch, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722862 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…to Karasek’s (1979) demand-control model and Siegrist (2002) effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model (occupational gratification crisis), which are related to stress and burnout (Violanti et al., 2018; Demerouti and Nachreiner, 2019), there are also other approaches in stress and burnout research.”
Background
Increasing workforce psychological flexibility through organization-wide training: Influence on stress resilience, job burnout, and performance
Archer, R., Lewis, R., Yarker, J., Zernerova, L., & Flaxman, P. E. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100799 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Experiences of Burnout among Drug Counselors in A Large Opioid Treatment Program: A Qualitative Investigation
Beitel, M., Oberleitner, L., Muthulingam, D., Oberleitner, D., Madden, L. M., Marcus, R., Eller, A., Bono, M. H., & Barry, D. T. (2018) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2018.1449051 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Are Grittier Front-Line Therapists More Likely to Implement Evidence-Based Interventions?
Wolf, D. A. P. S., Linn, B. K., & Dulmus, C. N. (2018) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0305-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of values-based training to promote autonomously held recovery values in mental health workers
Williams, V. P., Deane, F., Oades, L. G., Crowe, T., Ciarrochi, J., & Andresen, R. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0363-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The new normal has become a nonstop crisis”: a qualitative study of burnout among Philadelphia’s harm reduction and substance use disorder treatment workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Unachukwu, I. C., Abrams, M. P., Dolan, A. R., Oyekemi, K., Meisel, Z. F., South, E. C., & Aronowitz, S. V. (2023) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-023-00752-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Worker shortages impact the quality of care and the health outcomes of marginalized populations [69] and worsen feelings of burnout among existing workers [56, 57].”
Background
Mindfulness and Burnout in Elite Junior Athletes: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance
Zhang, C., Si, G., Chung, P., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2016) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2016.1162223 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Promoting Burnout Prevention Through a Socio-Ecological Lens
Habeger, A. D., Connell, T., Harris, R. L., & Jackson, C. (2022) · Delaware Journal of Public Health · doi:10.32481/djph.2022.05.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Perspectives on Healthcare Provider Well-Being: Looking Back, Moving Forward
Penwell-Waines, L., Ward, W. L., Kirkpatrick, H. A., Smith, P., & Abouljoud, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-018-9541-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Further, being able to tap into psychological flexibility and choose value-directed actions in various life domains is associated with lower burnout among HCPs (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Acceptance and commitment training focused on repetitive negative thinking for clinical psychology trainees: A randomized controlled trial
Dereix-Calonge, I., Ruiz, F. J., Sierra, M. A., Peña-Vargas, A., & Ramírez, E. S. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Workforce development: An important paradigm shift for the alcohol and other drugs sector
ROCHE, A. M., & Nicholas, R. S. (2016) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2016.1262823 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In addition, workers’ perceptions of the quality of their leaders substantially impact worker wellbeing (Broome et al., 2009; Eby & Rothrauff-Laschober, 2012; Knudsen, Ducharme, & Roman, 2006; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Does mindfulness-, acceptance-, and value-based intervention alleviate burnout?—A person-centered approach.
Kinnunen, S. M., Puolakanaho, A., Tolvanen, A., Mäkikangas, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2019) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000095 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Burnout-related ill-being at work: Associations between mindfulness and acceptance skills, worksite factors, and experienced well-being in life
Puolakanaho, A., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, S. M., & Lappalainen, R. (2018) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.09.003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The goal was to extend the findings of Vilardaga et al. (2011) by investigating that association using a comprehensive battery of methods to assess the four factors.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Burnout and Mental Health Stigma Among Juvenile Probation Officers: The Moderating Effect of Participatory Atmosphere
Dir, A. L., Saldana, L., Chapman, J. E., & Aalsma, M. C. (2018) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-018-0902-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…and substance use health professionals, stigma and negative attitudes regarding clients are related to greater burnout (Holmqvist & Jeanneau, 2006; Vilardaga et al., 2011), lower job satisfaction (Ford, Bammer, & Becker, 2008, 2009), and risk of turnover (Kulesza, Hunter, Shearer, & Booth, 2017).”
An Investigation of Multicultural Counseling Competence Development among Graduate-Level Counseling Students through Mindfulness, Cognitive Complexity, and Cognitive Flexibility
Martinez, J. K., & Dong, S. (2020) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-020-09400-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Trainees’ increased engagement in mindfulness practice presents multiple potential benefits, such as increasing self-care and reducing burnout (Vilardaga et al. 2011) as well as professional development in MCC, ultimately leading to increased clinical effectiveness.”
BackgroundInfluential
Value motivations predict burnout and intentions to leave among mental health professionals
Jambrak, J., Deane, F. P., & Williams, V. (2014) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2013.869576 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“A 2-d workshop that used values interventions to reduce burnout in MH workers found a strong negative relationship between living consistently with work and personal values and burnout (b1⁄4 0.54, p50.001; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Identifying Factors that Contribute to Burnout and Resilience Among Hospital-Based Addiction Medicine Providers: a Qualitative StudyPreprint
Bredenberg, E., Tietbohl, C. K., Dafoe, A., Thurman, L., & Calcaterra, S. L. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108924 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Does a mindfulness-, acceptance-, and value-based intervention for burnout have long-term effects on different levels of subjective well-being?
Kinnunen, S. M., Puolakanaho, A., Mäkikangas, A., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2020) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000132 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Overcoming professionals’ challenging experiences to promote a trustful therapeutic alliance in addiction treatment: A qualitative study
Reyre, A., Jeannin, R., Largueche, M., Moro, M. R., Baubet, T., & Taieb, O. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The mediating role of psychological flexibility in the association of autistic-like traits with burnout and depression in medical students during clinical clerkships in Japan: a university-based cross-sectional study
Watanabe, T., & Akechi, T. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04811-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Examining the roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout: A longitudinal study
Zhang, C., Li, X., Si, G., Chung, P., Huang, Z., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102341 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Preliminary evidence building on previous research in non-sport occupational contexts (Iglesias et al., 2010; Kroska et al., 2017; Vilardaga et al., 2011) and sporting contexts (Zhang, Si et al.”
BackgroundResult
Organizational Outcomes of Supervision within Human Services: A Scoping Review
Sewell, K. M., McMenemy, C., van Rensburg, M. J., & MacDonald, H. R. (2023) · Human Services Organizations Management Leadership & Governance · doi:10.1080/23303131.2023.2226197 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Notably, for certain worker-related variables including professional accomplishment (e.g., Mack & Rhineberger Dunn, 2021; Vilardaga et al., 2011) and worker engagement (e.g., Lambert et al., 2021; Manthorpe et al., 2015), supervision was more likely to have a neutral or mixed than beneficial impact.”
Background
Psychological Flexibility and ACT at Work
Bond, F. W., Lloyd, J., Flaxman, P. E., & Archer, R. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118489857.ch22 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Resilience and surgeons: train the individual or change the system?
Bolderston, H., Greville-Harris, M., Thomas, K., Kane, A., & TURNER, K. J. (2020) · Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England · doi:10.1308/rcsbull.2020.170 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Finally, there is some empirical evidence that ACT occupational interventions (usually in the form of brief workshops) can increase psychological resilience and wellbeing, including for those in high demand jobs such as addiction counsellors.(37) However, to our knowledge, ACT has not previously been tested as a resil…”
Background
Do Mindfulness-Based Interventions Reduce Burnout of College Students in China? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gan, R., Xue, J., & Chen, S. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02092-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Recent studies indicate that mindfulness may serve as a personal trait that buffers against burnout (Harker et al., 2016; Kemper et al., 2019; Salvarani et al., 2019; Taylor & Millear, 2016; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Therapeutic orientations, professional efficacy, and burnout among substance abuse social workers in Israel
Tartakovsky, E., & Kovardinsky, S. (2013) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.01.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The workers' sense of control (or lack thereof) over their work situation was strongly related to their burnout (Ackerley, Burnell, Holder, & Kurdek, 1988; Reissner et al., 2010; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on burnout and perceived workplace quality among addiction treatment providers
Fentem, A., Riordan, R., Doroshenko, C., Li, X., Kasson, E. M., Banks, D. E., Winograd, R., & Cavazos‐Rehg, P. A. (2023) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-023-00361-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Evaluation of a program for training psychologists in an acceptance and commitment therapy resilience intervention for people with multiple sclerosis: a single-arm longitudinal design with a nested qualitative study
Giovannetti, A. M., Messmer Uccelli, M., Solari, A., & Pakenham, K. I. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2025926 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Burnout among Junior Nurses: The Roles of Demographic and Workplace Relationship Factors, Psychological Flexibility, and Perceived Stress
Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Zheng, Z., Guo, X., Mou, D., Zhao, M., Song, L., Huang, N., & Meng, J. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2023/9475220 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Tis appears to be contrary to other studies and reports of burnout among health workers [34, 51].”
Internal and external factors in professional burnout of substance abuse counsellors in Croatia
Vorkapić, S. T., & Mustapić, J. (2012) · Annali dell Istituto Superiore di Sanità · doi:10.4415/ann_12_02_12 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Improving the Recruitment and Retention of Counselors in Rural Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs
Murphy, J. (2022) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426221080204 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Counselors who report higher self-efficacy and control over their job show lower levels of burnout (Shoptaw , Stein & Rawson, 2000; Vilardaga et al., 2011.”
BackgroundInfluential
What Does Meditation Contribute to Workplace? An Integrative Review
Cheng, F. K. (2016) · Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture · doi:10.1002/jpoc.21195 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intentions Among Counselors in Rural Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs
Murphy, J., & Kruis, N. E. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2151314 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…younger counselors have higher levels of burnout, which is typically operationalized as emotional exhaustion (Baldwin-White, 2016; Ducharme et al., 2007; Knudsen et al., 2006; McEntee et al., 2021; McNulty et al., 2007; Rothrauff et al., 2011; Skinner & Roche, 2021b; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Relationship between Provider Stigma and Predictors of Staff Turnover among Addiction Treatment Providers
Kulesza, M., Hunter, S. B., Shearer, A. L., & Booth, M. S. (2016) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2016.1256716 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“These results are contrary to our prediction and prior studies, which were mostly based in settings different from the addiction community clinics represented here (Hayes et al., 2004; Vilardaga et al., 2011; von Hippel et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Associations of experiential avoidance with burnout, wellbeing, and productivity loss among police officers: The mediating role of negative and positive affect
Mojallal, M., Simons, R. M., Quevillon, R. P., & Hatwan, M. L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23371 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Why Are Women Law Enforcement Officers More Burned-Out and What Might Help Them?
Garg, D. E. L. B. (2015) · Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs · doi:10.4172/2329-6879.1000204 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Buddhist Insights into Life and Death: Overcoming Death Anxiety
Cheng, F. K. (2016) · Athens Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.30958/ajss.4-1-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…stress disorder (Beckerman and Sarracco 2011, Cohen-Katz 2004, Duncan et al. 2009, Gehart, 2012), professional burnout (Cohen-Katz et al. 2005, Vilardaga et al. 2012, Zeller and Levin 2013), attention deficit hyperactive disorders (Carboni et al. 2013, Haydicky et al. 2012), and developmental…”
Background
Contextual behavioural coaching: An evidence-based model for supporting behaviour change
Hulbert‐Williams, L., Hochard, K. D., Hulbert-Williams, N., Archer, R., Nicholls, W., & Wilson, K. G. (2016) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2016.11.2.142 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In intervention studies, ACT has successfully improved acceptance and engagement with a work redesign intervention (Bond et al., 2008), and has reduced both workplace stress (Flaxman & Bond, 2010b; 2010a) and burnout (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Subtipos de burnout e implicaciones clínicas: Una propuesta teórica basada en abordajes terapéuticos específicos
Montero‐Marín, J., Prado-Abril, J., Demarzo, M., Garcı́a-Toro, M., & García‐Campayo, J. (2016) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.21.num.3.2016.15686 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…y Psicopatología change that is not translated into purposeful, valuable and meaningful actions, it will be important to put all efforts in order in the right direction, pointed out by per sonal values, and discovered through deep exploration techniques in this regard (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Single Case Evaluation of a Mindfulness-Based Mobile Application with a Substance Abuse Counselor
Callender, K. A., Trustey, C. E., Alton, L., & Hao, Y. T. (2019) · Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/21501378.2019.1686353 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…better holistic outcomes for counseling professionals and their clients (Fulton & Cashwell, 2015; McGarrigle & Walsh, 2011; Testa & Sangganjanavanich, 2016; Vilardaga et al., 2011), and increased counselor self-awareness which results in increased awareness with clients (Schomaker & Ricard, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
Revisiting the relationship between contact and physician attitudes toward patients with opioid use disorder
Dhanani, L. Y., Franz, B. A., & Hall, T. K. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100372 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Examining the Contributions of Trait Emotional Intelligence on Addiction Counselor Burnout
Gutiérrez, D., Butts, C. M., Lamberson, K. A., & Lassiter, P. S. (2019) · Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling · doi:10.1002/jaoc.12056 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Emotional exhaustion and workplace belongingness among peer recovery coaches during COVID-19
Pasman, E., Lee, G., Kollin, R., Broman, M. J., Aguis, E., & Resko, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1080/1533256x.2022.2156670 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“For example, a study of nearly 700 addiction counselors associated greater tenure with lower professional accomplishment, which the authors attributed to ‘chronically precarious conditions of the addiction counselors’ field’ (Vilardaga et al., 2011, p. 331).”
Background
Acceptance and Commitment Training in the Workplace
Flaxman, P. E., Prudenzi, A., & Zernerova, L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197550076.013.19 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Psychological flexibility, occupational burnout and eating behavior among working women
Nevanperä, N., Lappalainen, R. I., Kuosma, E., Hopsu, L., Uitti, J., & Laitinen, J. H. (2013) · Open Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojpm.2013.34048 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Diminished psychological flexibility, also called experiential avoidance, is associated with burnout and characterized by dominance of thoughts, feelings and memories that prevent a person living the life they want to live, and an unwillingness to experience certain negative experiences [2-5].”
Medical Student Experiences of Engaging in a Psychological Flexibility Skill Training App for Burnout and Well-being: Pilot Feasibility Study
Ditton, E., Knott, B., Hodyl, N., Horton, G., Walker, F. R., & Nilsson, M. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/43263 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“However, Psychological Flexibility is an adaptive behavioral skill set that has been shown to protect against adverse mental health outcomes in stressful situations [18,36-41] and is emerging as a promising intervention target [17,18,37,42].”
Background
Funciones del estilo personal del terapeuta en profesionales del campo de las adicciones
Casari, L. M. (2017) · Pensamiento Psicológico · doi:10.11144/javerianacali.ppsi15-1.fept · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Burnout syndrome among psychiatrists in Egyptian mental health hospital
zied, M. A., Fekry, M., Mohsen, N., Morsy, M. H. A., Serafy, D. E., & Salah, M. (2020) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-020-00028-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“[49] who compared burnout scores of a sample of addiction treatment service staff to other healthcare service staffs.”
Background
Acceptance and commitment training for reducing burnout in medical students during a clinical clerkship in psychiatry and palliative care: A pilot study
Watanabe, T., Kondo, M., Sakai, M., & Akechi, T. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.08.009 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Burnout among staff on specialized eating disorder units in Norway
Hage, T. W., Rø, K. I., & Rø, Ø. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00473-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Assessing the Efficacy of an Individualized Psychological Flexibility Skills Training Intervention App for Medical Student Burnout and Well-being: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Ditton, E., Knott, B., Hodyl, N. A., Horton, G. L., Walker, F. R., & Nilsson, M. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/32992 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This finding would also contribute to the growing body of literature supporting the general role of PF skills in maintaining a healthy career [55-58,63-67,69,70,72].”
BackgroundInfluential
Personal Values as Regulators of Teacher Burnout
Savchenko, O. V., Корват, Л., Kovalkova, T., Lovochkina, A. M., Каліщук, С. М., & Yelina, M. (2022) · Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice · doi:10.33423/jhetp.v22i16.5600 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“It is important to emphasize that according to the results of a study by Vilardaga and colleagues, the level of values-based processes had a stronger and more consistent relationship with burnout as compared with work-site factors (Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Result
Values in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
LeJeune, J. T., & Luoma, J. B. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197550076.013.12 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploring Mindful Self-Care as a Potential Mediator between Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue among Student Services Professionals
Preston, P. J., Sanchez, D., & Preston, K. S. J. (2022) · Trauma Care · doi:10.3390/traumacare2040044 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“found that higher levels of peer support were associated with lower levels of burnout in addictive counselors, while higher levels of supervisor support were associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion (burnout) [20].”
Background
Síndrome de burnout en pediatras con actividad asistencial en urgencias. Prevalencia y factores asociados. Análisis multinivel
García, A. R., Navarro, C. M., García‐Loygorri, C. F., Marañón, R., & Vázquez-López, P. (2022) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.09.010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Burnout syndrome in paediatricians working in paediatric emergency care settings. Prevalence and associated factors: a multilevel analysis
García, A. R., Navarro, C. M., García‐Loygorri, C. F., Marañón, R., & Vázquez-López, P. (2023) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2023.01.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The prevalence of occupational burnout and its individual and situational predictors among addiction therapists
Klingemann, J. I., Mokros, Ł., Sienkiewicz‐Jarosz, H., & Świtaj, P. (2023) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agad074 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Development of Professional Identity for Counseling Professionals: A Mindfulness-Based Perspective
Dong, S., Miles, L., Abell, N., & Martinez, J. K. (2018) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-018-9338-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
R-E-S-P-E-C-T: Psychosocial Factors Outdo Employment Conditions in Predicting Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions for AOD Nurses and Counsellors
Skinner, N., & ROCHE, A. M. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00676-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…has a strong focus on mental health issues for counsellors such as burnout and secondary trauma (e.g., Beitel et al., 2018; Best et al., 2016; Bride & Kintzle, 2011; Ewer et al., 2015; Knudsen et al., 2006, 2013; Oser et al., 2013; Tartakovsky & Kovardinsky, 2013; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Vicarious Victimization and Related Forms of Secondary Traumatization
Knight, K. E., Ellis, C., Murphy, S. T., Olson, H., Wagner, G., Dion, T., & Gemar, R. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0242 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Trauma-Related Stress and Resilience in a Multistate Sample of Methadone Treatment Staff
Coffee, Z. H., Linde-Krieger, L. B., Carter, G. A., Brady, B. R., Davis, A., Crosby, R. A., Frank, D., Mahoney, A. N., Najar, S. M., & Meyerson, B. E. (2025) · Substance Use Research and Treatment · doi:10.1177/29768357251383239 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“35 In terms of regional differences, it is possible that clinic trauma-informed practices, such as regular assessment of staff trauma symptoms may explain regional differences.”
State-by-State Variation in the Credentialing, Training, Supervision, and Medicaid Reimbursement of the High-School, Associates, and Bachelor’s-Level Addiction Counselor Workforce
Zerden, L. D. S., Gaiser, M., Daberko, L., Ware, O. D., & Lombardi, B. M. (2025) · Substance Use &amp Addiction Journal · doi:10.1177/29767342251330418 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Management of Innovative Processes in the Educational Environment
HORDIEIEV, V., Doskich, L., КУДЕРСЬКА, Н. І., Лялюк, О. Ю., & Chukhrai, L. (2023) · Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice · doi:10.33423/jhetp.v23i10.6181 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Brief History of Mindfulness in Addictions Treatment
Johnson, R. L. L. (2019) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-019-09372-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Mindfulness Levels of Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Solution Focused Thinking and Valuing
Karahan, F. Ş., & Bakalım, O. (2021) · Spiritual Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.37898/spc.2021.6.1.131 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…psychological flexibility (Brown and Kasser, 2005; McCracken and Yang, 2008; Wilson and Sandoz, 2008; McCracken and Keogh, 2009; McCracken and Velleman, 2010; Vilardaga et al., 2011, Guadagno, 2012; Christie et al., 2017; Kraft et al., 2019; Kingston et al., 2020; Fingelstein-Fox et al.2020).”
Background
Adapting the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire for measuring repetitive negative thinking in clinical psychology trainees.
Dereix-Calonge, I., Ruiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., & Flórez, C. L. (2019) · Training and Education in Professional Psychology · doi:10.1037/tep0000229 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Likewise, Vilardaga et al. (2011) have found that experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and values commitment predict burnout after controlling for work-site factors among addiction counselors.”
Background
Does Where You Work and What You Do Matter? Testing the Role of Organizational Context and Job Type for Future Study of Occupation-Based Secondary Trauma Intervention Development
Knight, K. E., Ellis, C., Miller, T., Neu, J., & Helfrich, L. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231211927 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…& Pearlman, 1990), documented the subsequent individual and organizational toll (Baum, 2016; Cieslak et al., 2014; Hensel et al., 2015; Knight et al., 2018; Wood et al., 2019), and begun to offer solutions (Bober & Regehr, 2006; Clements et al., 2018; Sansbury et al., 2015; Vilardaga et al., 2011).”
Background
Relationship Between Social Support and Burnout Dimensions in Middle and Senior Managers of the Manufacturing Industry in Ciudad Juárez
Valadez-Torres, S. G., Maldonado-Macías, A. A., Camacho-Alamilla, R., & Avelar-Sosa, L. (2017) · Management and industrial engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56871-3_20 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Developing a Response to Secondary Trauma for American Indian and Rural Service Providers
Knight, K. E., Ellis, C., & Salois, E. M. (2022) · International Journal of Rural Criminology · doi:10.18061/ijrc.v6i2.8652 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
SECOND LINE VOLUNTEERING IN LOMBARDY COVID-19 EMERGENCY AS A PERSPECTIVE ON MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
Mandarano, P., Squatrito, V., Mariotti, A., & Presti, G. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210506 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Research demonstrates that psychological flexibility mitigates burnout symptoms, enhances well-being, and affects perceived stress (Vilardaga et al., 2011; Frögéli, Djordjevic, Rudman, Livheim & Gustavsson, 2016; Poulakanaho, Tolvanen, Kinnunen & Lappalainen, 2018).”
Background
Experience of Spiritual Coaching for Peer Educators
Choorat, P., Sakunpong, N., & Patthaisong, S. (2018) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v10n6p54 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vocational rehabilitation counselor burnout profiles and mindfulness
Lu, J., Brickham, D., Jaeger, B. J., & Lo, C. (2023) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12461 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A crisis of exhaustion in the game of escalation: a qualitative exploration of the consequences of occupational burnout among addiction therapists
Klingemann, J. I., & Wieczorek, Ł. (2024) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2023.135054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Staff absenteeism or resig nations further disintegrate the team, exacerbating chaos in treatment facilities that are often already unstable and underfunded [18].”
Background
A multiple case study of the personal values of counselor trainees from a psychological flexibility perspective: a sample from Turkey
Aydın, Y., & Usta, M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01264-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Organizational Strategies for Addressing Burnout and Trauma-Related Employment Stress
Holland, M. L., Brock, S. E., Oren, T., & van Eckhardt, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Scalability of an ACT-Based strategy for improving well-being in health care providers: A mix-method and preliminary evaluation of efficacy
Muñoz-Martínez, A., Otto-Scheiber, C. S., Zuluaga-Jassir, S., Medina-Díaz, A., Pulido-Rozo, J., Venegas-Ramírez, M., & Igua-Jojoa, A. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.07.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pedagogical Conditions for the Formation of Communicative Competence of Students of Higher Education
Iasechko, M., Рабійчук, С. О., Mykhalchenko, N., Павлущенко, Н. М., & Dzhurylo, A. (2024) · Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice · doi:10.33423/jhetp.v24i5.6997 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The U.S. Mental Health System of the 1990s
Manderscheid, R. W., Henderson, M. J., Witkin, M. J., & Atay, J. E. (2000) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0160-2527(00)00035-2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Burnout in substance abuse counselors
SHOPTAW, S. J., Stein, J. A., & Rawson, R. A. (2000) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(99)00106-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Causes, Consequences, and Prevention of Burnout Among Substance Abuse Treatment Counselors: A Rural Versus Urban Comparison
Oser, C. B., Biebel, E. P., Pullen, E., & Harp, K. L. H. (2013) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.763558 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Psychological distress and substance abuse counselors: an exploratory pilot study of multiple dimensions of burnout
Baldwin‐White, A. (2014) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2014.949316 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Study on the Effects of Counselor’s Mindfulness on Burnout
전경숙 (2019)

Authors: Vilardaga, R., Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., Levin, M. E., Hildebrandt, M. J., Kohlenberg, B., Roget, N. A., & Bond, F.
Affiliations: University of Nevada, Reno (US)
Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Vilardaga, Roger
ORCID: Vilardaga, Roger
Luoma, Jason B.
Hayes, Steven C.
Pistorello, Jacqueline
Levin, Michael E.
Roget, Nancy A.
Bond, Frank
Venue: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-06
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Pages: 323-335
ISSN: 0740-5472 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.11.015
PMC: PMC3081943
OpenAlex: W2053641034
Cited by: 142
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 9.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017868, R21DA017644)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: burnout, addiction counselors, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, job control, coworker support, supervisor support, workload, counselor well-being
MeSH terms: Adult, Burnout, Professional, Cognition, Counseling, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Workplace, Problem-Based Learning, Substance-Related Disorders

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Burnout among the addiction counseling workforce: The differential roles of mindfulness and values-based processes and work-site factors

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