Proteasomal and lysosomal degradation for specific and durable suppression of immunotherapeutic targets
Open accessAbstract
Cancer immunotherapy harness the body’s immune system to eliminate cancer, by using a broad panel of soluble and membrane proteins as therapeutic targets. Immunosuppression signaling mediated by ligand-receptor interaction may be blocked by monoclonal antibodies, but because of repopulation of the membrane via intracellular organelles, targets must be eliminated in whole cells. Targeted protein degradation, as exemplified in proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) studies, is a promising strategy for selective inhibition of target proteins. The recently reported use of lysosomal targeting molecules to eliminate immune checkpoint proteins has paved the way for targeted degradation of membrane proteins as crucial anti-cancer targets. Further studies on these molecules’ modes of action, target-binding “warheads”, lysosomal sorting signals, and linker design should facilitate their rational design. Modifications and derivatives may improve their cell-penetrating ability and the in vivo stability of these pro-drugs. These studies suggest the promise of alternative strategies for cancer immunotherapy, with the aim of achieving more potent and durable suppression of tumor growth. Here, the successes and limitations of antibody inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy, as well as research progress on PROTAC- and lysosomal-dependent degradation of target proteins, are reviewed.
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PROTACs have the potential to be first-in-class medicines in immuno-oncology as small-molecule drugs that target immune cell activation to phenocopy PD1/PDL1-directed agents.
“PROTACs have the potential to be first-in-class medicines in immuno-oncology as small-molecule drugs that target immune cell activation to phenocopy PD1/PDL1-directed agents178,179.”
From PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue (2022) · cites this paper as [178]
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- [132]Banik SM Pedram K Wisnovsky S Riley NM Bertozzi CR Lysosometargeting chimeras (LYTACs) for the degradation of secreted and membrane proteins ChemRxiv. 2019 1 68
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Joo, K. S., Kwon, I. A., Park, J.-Y., & Khang, D. (2026) · Materials Today Nano · doi:10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100941
- Authors
- Wang, Y., Deng, S., & Xu, J.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Jie
- Venue
- Cancer Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- China Anti-cancer Association
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 583-598
- ISSN
- 2095-3941 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7476092
- OpenAlex
- W3087257528
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cancer Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- targeted protein degradation, PROTACs, cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint molecules, membrane protein degradation, antibody inhibitors, linker design, tumor growth inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Animals, Humans, Ligands, Lysosomes, Neoplasms, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Drug Discovery, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Proteolysis
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