Enhancing Antiproliferative Activity and Selectivity of a FLT-3 Inhibitor by Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Conversion
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT-3 is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia; however, current small molecule inhibitors suffer from limited efficacy in the clinic. Conversion of a FLT-3 inhibitor (quizartinib) into a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) results in a compound that induces degradation of FLT-3 ITD mutant at low nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, the PROTAC is capable of inhibiting cell growth more potently than the warhead alone while inhibiting fewer off-target kinases. This enhanced antiproliferative activity occurs, despite a slight reduction in the PROTAC's kinase inhibitory activity, via an increased level of apoptosis induction suggesting nonkinase roles for the FLT-3 ITD protein. Additionally, the PROTAC is capable of inducing FLT-3 ITD degradation in vivo. These results suggest that degradation of FLT-3 ITD may provide a useful method for therapeutic intervention.
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PROTAC selectivity does not necessarily mimic that of its target-binding warhead, but rather depends sensitively on the linker.
“It has further been shown that PROTAC selectivity does not necessarily mimic that of its target-binding warhead, but rather depends sensitively on the linker 20, 23, 24, 33”
From Rationalizing PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Formation Using Rosetta (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of the FLT-3 PROTAC varies among AML cells compared to the FLT-3 inhibitor used to develop the PROTAC; it is significantly better against MV4-11 and wild-type MOLM-14, but less potent in OCI-AML3, likely due to extent of kinase engagement/selectivity.
“However, the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of the FLT-3 PROTAC varies among AML cells compared to the FLT-3 inhibitor that was used to develop the PROTAC. For example, the PROTAC exerted a significantly better activity against MV4-11 and wild-type MOLM-14 AML cells, but was less potent in OCI-AML3 cells, than the FLT-3 inhibitor, which is likely attributed to the extent of kinase engagement”
From Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging therapeutics for hematologic malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
The FLT-3 PROTAC degrades FLT-3 in MV4-11 mouse xenografts.
“They confirmed the ability of this FLT-3 PROTAC to degrade FLT-3 in MV4-11 mouse xenografts.”
From Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging therapeutics for hematologic malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Both the FLT-3 PROTAC and inhibitor were ineffective against K562 CML cells, suggesting that the antitumor effect of the FLT-3 PROTAC on different FLT-3 ITD mutated cells is cell-dependent.
“In addition, both the FLT-3 PROTAC and inhibitor were ineffective against other types of hematologic malignancies, such as K562 CML cells, suggesting that the antitumor effect of the FLT-3 PROTAC on different FLT-3 ITD mutated cells is cell-dependent.”
From Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging therapeutics for hematologic malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
A VHL-recruiting FLT-3 PROTAC potently induced FLT-3 ITD degradation in MV4-11 and MOLM-14 AML cell lines in vitro.
“In contrast, a VHL-recruiting FLT-3 PROTAC from Crews’ lab potently induced FLT-3 ITD degradation in MV4-11 and MOLM-14 AML cell lines in vitro [10].”
From Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging therapeutics for hematologic malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Conversion of an FLT-3 inhibitor into a PROTAC can result in degradation of FLT-3 ITD.
“This study demonstrated that conversion of an FLT-3 inhibitor into a PROTAC can result in the degradation of FLT-3 ITD.”
From Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging therapeutics for hematologic malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
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Annual review of PROTAC degraders as anticancer agents in 2022
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Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in cancer therapy
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Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors
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Structural and Physicochemical Features of Oral PROTACs
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Discovery of thalidomide-based PROTAC small molecules as the highly efficient SHP2 degraders
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Degradation of Janus kinases in CRLF2-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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Recent Advances in PROTACs for Drug Targeted Protein Research
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Advancing targeted protein degradation for metabolic diseases therapy
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Advancing Strategies for Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera Design
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Evolution of Cereblon-Mediated Protein Degradation as a Therapeutic Modality
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VHL-based PROTACs as potential therapeutic agents: Recent progress and perspectives
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Applications of covalent chemistry in targeted protein degradation
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Small molecule PROTACs: an emerging technology for targeted therapy in drug discovery
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A beginner’s guide to current synthetic linker strategies towards VHL-recruiting PROTACs
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Targeted degradation of extracellular secreted and membrane proteins
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Self-citationDNA framework-engineered chimeras platform enables selectively targeted protein degradation
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Small molecule PROTACs in targeted therapy: An emerging strategy to induce protein degradation
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Recent Advances in PROTAC-Based Antiviral Strategies
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Degrading FLT3-ITD protein by proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC)
Chen, Y. X., Yuan, X., Tang, M., Shi, M., Yang, T., Liu, K., Deng, D., & Chen, L. (2021) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105508 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs): A Perspective on Integral Membrane Protein Degradation
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Induced proximity-based therapeutic modalities
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Therapeutic Targeting of FLT3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Status and Novel Approaches
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Native Mass Spectrometry for the Study of PROTAC GNE‐987‐Containing Ternary Complexes
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Targeted protein degradation: current molecular targets, localization, and strategies
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PROTAC: targeted drug strategy. Principles and limitations
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Scaffold hopping enables direct access to more potent PROTACs with in vivo activity
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Small-molecule PROTACs: Novel Agents for Cancer Therapy
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Progress of small molecules for targeted protein degradation: PROTACs and other technologies
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Recent Advances in FLT3 Inhibitors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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ASDs of PROTACs: Spray-dried solid dispersions as enabling formulations
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Allostery in Disease: Anticancer Drugs, Pockets, and the Tumor Heterogeneity Challenge
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- Authors
- Burslem, G. M., Song, J., Chen, X., Hines, J., & Crews, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Arvinas (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crews, Craig M.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-11-14
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 16428-16432
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2900888512
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 7.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R35CA197589, R50CA211252)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1A6A3A03012989)
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Keywords
- FLT3, quizartinib, PROTACs, acute myeloid leukemia, kinase selectivity, protein degradation, apoptosis, off-target kinase inhibition, antiproliferative activity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Mice, Nude, Phenylurea Compounds, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Cell Line, Tumor, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Cell Proliferation, fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3, Benzothiazoles, Proteolysis
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