Targeted intracellular protein degradation induced by a small molecule: En route to chemical proteomics
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We have developed a heterobifunctional all-small molecule PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera) capable of inducing proteasomal degradation of the androgen receptor. This cell permeable PROTAC consists of a non-steroidal androgen receptor ligand (SARM) and the MDM2 ligand known as nutlin, connected by a PEG-based linker. The SARM-nutlin PROTAC recruits the androgen receptor to MDM2, which functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This leads to the ubiquitination of the androgen receptor, and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Upon treatment of HeLa cells with 10microM PROTAC for 7h, we were able to observe a decrease in androgen receptor levels. This degradation is proteasome dependent, as it is mitigated in cells pre-treated with 10microM epoxomicin, a specific proteasome inhibitor. These results have implications for the potential study and treatment of various cancers with increased androgen receptor levels.
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Combining the nutlin headgroup with a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) moiety led to androgen receptor degradation in a transient overexpression system.
“In an initial PROTAC approach, the nutlin headgroup was combined with a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) moiety, and androgen receptor degradation was observed in a transient overexpression system [67].”
From Advances in targeted degradation of endogenous proteins (2019) · cites this paper as [67]
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“…on this proof-of-concept study, which employed a bulky peptide to recruit ScF β-tRcP , researchers later developed a small molecule based PROtAc (Schneekloth et al. 2008). employing small molecule binders helped to address challenges related to cell permeability and poor bioavailability which…”
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- Authors
- Schneekloth, A. R., Pucheault, M., Tae, H. S., & Crews, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crews, Craig M.
- Venue
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 5904-5908
- ISSN
- 0960-894X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3175619
- OpenAlex
- W2083469632
- Cited by
- 635
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA118631, R33CA118631, R21CA118631)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- PROTACs, androgen receptor, MDM2, nutlin, selective androgen receptor modulators, proteasomal degradation, ubiquitination, E3 ubiquitin ligase, chemoproteomics, epoxomicin, prostate cancer
- MeSH terms
- Cell Membrane Permeability, Cell Survival, Humans, Imidazoles, Indicators and Reagents, Piperazines, Proteins, Receptors, Androgen, Blotting, Western, Ubiquitin, Proteomics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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