Food Sources of Saturated Fat and the Association With Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

O’Sullivan, Therese A.; Hafekost, Katherine; Mitrou, Francis; Lawrence, David

doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301492

Cited by 168Nutritional Studies and DietFatty Acid Research and HealthDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Food Sources of Saturated Fat and the Association With Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

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O’Sullivan, Therese A., Hafekost, Katherine, Mitrou, Francis, Lawrence, David·2013·American Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.2105/ajph.2013.301492PMC PMC3966685

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Abstract

We summarized the data related to foods high in saturated fat and risk of mortality. We searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ProQuest for studies from January 1952 to May 2012. We identified 26 publications with individual dietary data and all-cause, total cancer, or cardiovascular mortality as endpoints. Pooled relative risk estimates demonstrated that high intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter were not associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality compared with low intakes. High intakes of meat and processed meat were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality but were associated with a decreased risk in a subanalysis of Asian studies. The overall quality of studies was variable. Associations varied by food group and population. This may be because of factors outside saturated fat content of individual foods. There is an ongoing need for improvement in assessment tools and methods that investigate food sources of saturated fat and mortality to inform dietary guidelines.

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Butter consumption is not significantly associated with incident CHD, stroke, or total mortality.
“Butter consumption is also not significantly associated with incident CHD,223 stroke,222 or total mortality58 (Figure 6).”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [58]

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Zhang, M., Dong, X., Huang, Z., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, H., Fang, A., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.007 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“A total of 11 meta-analyses [12,37,39,43,53,59,65,68, 73 – 75] were of high quality, 12 meta-analyses [28,30 – 33, 40”
Background
High Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food is Associated with Incident Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Study of Older Adults
Donat‐Vargas, C., Sandoval‐Insausti, H., Rey-García, J., Moreno‐Franco, B., Åkesson, A., Banegas, J. R., Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F., & Guallar‐Castillón, P. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab118 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Total Dietary Fat Intake, Fat Quality, and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews of Prospective Studies
Schwingshackl, L., Zähringer, J., Beyerbach, J., Werner, S., Heseker, H., Koletzko, B., & Meerpohl, J. (2021) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000515058 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Consumption of Dairy Foods and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Giosuè, A., Calabrese, I., Vitale, M., Riccardi, G., & Vaccaro, O. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14040831 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Milk Four dose–response meta-analyses that have explored the relationship between milk intake and all-cause death consistently showed a neutral association for a daily consumption of approximately 200 mL (Table 1) [17,19,23,27].”
BackgroundInfluential
Association of Major Dietary Protein Sources With All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study
Sun, Y., Liu, B., Snetselaar, L. G., Wallace, R. B., Shadyab, A. H., Kroenke, C. H., Haring, B., Howard, B. V., Shikany, J. M., Valdiviezo, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015553 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“38,39 Dietary cholesterol and choline, which are mainly from red meat and eggs, have been shown to be”
Dairy Food Intake and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality
Farvid, M. S., Malekshah, A. F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Sepanlou, S. G., Sharafkhah, M., Khoshnia, M., Farvid, M., Abnet, C. C., Kamangar, F., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww139 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“all-cause mortality risk (30, 31), more recently Michaëlsson et al.”
Background
How calorie-focused thinking about obesity and related diseases may mislead and harm public health. An alternative
Lucan, S. C., & DiNicolantonio, J. J. (2014) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980014002559 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Potential Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Full-Fat Dairy: The Evidence Base
Hirahatake, K. M., Astrup, A. V., Hill, J. O., Slavin, J. L., Allison, D. B., & Maki, K. C. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz132 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
French and Mediterranean-style diets: Contradictions, misconceptions and scientific facts-A review
Ndlovu, T., van Jaarsveld, F. P., & Caleb, O. J. (2018) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.020 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Is consuming yoghurt associated with weight management outcomes? Results from a systematic review
Eales, J. F., Lenoir‐Wijnkoop, I., King, S., Wood, H., Kok, F. J., Shamir, R., Prentice, A. M., Edwards, M., Glanville, J., & Atkinson, R. L. (2015) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.202 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Serial measures of circulating biomarkers of dairy fat and total and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Otto, M. C. D. O., Lemaître, R. N., Song, X., King, I. B., Siscovick, D. S., & Mozaffarian, D. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy117 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Posicionamento sobre o Consumo de Gorduras e Saúde Cardiovascular – 2021
Izar, M. C. D. O., Lottenberg, A. M., Giraldez, V. Z. R., Santos, R. D., Machado, R. M., Bertolami, A., Assad, M. H. V., Saraiva, J. F. K., Faludi, A. Á., Moreira, A. S. B., et al. (2021) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20201340 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Recommended dairy product intake modulates circulating fatty acid profile in healthy adults: a multi-centre cross-over study
Abdullah, M. M. H., Cyr, A., Lépine, M.-C., Labonté, M., Couture, P., Jones, P. J. H., & Lamarche, B. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514003894 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“others with potential unfavourable implications((37,38)).”
Perspective: Refined Grains and Health: Genuine Risk, or Guilt by Association?
Gaesser, G. A. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy104 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The relationship for processed meat intake is the most consistent, with all meta-analyses reporting significantly higher risk (15–42%) both when comparing the highest with the lowest intakes (4, 41, 42) and in doseresponse analyses (4, 40, 42).”
Does Milk Consumption Contribute to Cardiometabolic Health and Overall Diet Quality?
Lamarche, B., Givens, D. I., Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., Krauss, R. M., Jakobsen, M. U., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Pan, A., & Després, J. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.033 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Milk consumption also contributes to dietary intake of magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin B 12 , ribo ﬂ avin, and vitamin A.”
Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Mortality: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Cavero‐Redondo, I., Álvarez‐Bueno, C., Sotos‐Prieto, M., Gil, Á., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., & Ruiz, J. R. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy128 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“In addition, fermented dairy products, cheese, yogurt, and butter were included as exposures in other meta-analyses (13, 15, 16, 19).”
BackgroundResult
Red and processed meat intakes and cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: An umbrella systematic review and assessment of causal relations using Bradford Hill’s criteria
Hill, E. R., O'Connor, L., Wang, Y., Clark, C., Mcgowan, B., Forman, M., & Campbell, W. N. (2022) · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2123778 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“…studies (Aune, Ursin, and Veierød 2009; Micha, Wallace, and Mozaffarian 2010; Kaluza, Wolk, and Larsson 2012; Akesson et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2013; O'Sullivan et al. 2013; Abete et al. 2014; Lippi, Mattiuzzi, and Sanchis-Gomar 2015; Wang et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2016; Kim et al. 2017;…”
Background
Genetically predicted milk consumption and bone health, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study
Yang, Q., Lin, S. L., Yeung, S. L. A., Kwok, M. K., Xu, L., Leung, G. M., & Schooling, C. M. (2017) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Processed meat intake and incidence of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Händel, M. N., Rohde, J. F., Jacobsen, R., Nielsen, S. M., Christensen, R., Alexander, D. D., Frederiksen, P., & Heitmann, B. L. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0576-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Whole-Fat or Reduced-Fat Dairy Product Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children: A Systematic Review
O’Sullivan, T. A., Schmidt, K. A., & Kratz, M. (2020) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa011 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Additionally, higher intakes of whole-fat dairy foods were not associated with increased risk of mortality in a meta-analysis (12).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Impact of replacing pork backfat with rapeseed oleosomes – Natural pre-emulsified oil – On technological properties of meat model systems
Bibat, M. A. D., Ang, M. J., & Eun, J. (2022) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108732 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Dietary Macronutrient Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Ma, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhuang, L., HuiTing, W., Li, A., Chen, L., & Liu, L. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010152 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Specific roles of saturated fatty acids: Beyond epidemiological data
Legrand, P., & Rioux, V. (2015) · European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/ejlt.201400514 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Nutrición y salud cardiovascular
Berciano, S., & Ordovás, J. M. (2014) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2014.05.003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Meat in the post-truth era: Mass media discourses on health and disease in the attention economy
Leroy, F., Brengman, M., Ryckbosch, W., & Scholliers, P. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.028 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Associations of dairy product consumption with mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Italy cohort
Pala, V. M., Sieri, S., Chiodini, P., Masala, G., Palli, D., Mattiello, A., Panico, S., Tumino, R., Frasca, G., Fasanelli, F., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz183 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“This is consistent with the inconclusive findings of meta-analyses on the relation between yogurt consumption and mortality (20, 21, 57).”
Result
Dose–Response Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Zhang, J., Feng, Y., Yang, X., Yang, L., Wu, Y., Yuan, L., Li, T.-Z., Hu, H., Li, X., Huang, H., et al. (2022) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmac049 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nutrition in Diabetes
Hamdy, O., & Yusof, B. N. M. (2016) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.06.010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dairy Consumption and Metabolic Health
Timon, C., O’Connor, A., Bhargava, N., Gibney, E. R., & Feeney, E. L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103040 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“However, research investigating the importance of the food source of saturated fatty acids (SFA) suggests that although SFAs from meat and processed-meat are associated with detrimental health effects [30], SFA intake from dairy sources may be associated with either neutral [31] or beneficial effects on cardiovascular…”
Background
Production, Composition and Nutritional Properties of Organic Milk: A Critical Review
Linehan, K., Patangia, D. V., Ross, R. P., & Stanton, C. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13040550 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dairy product consumption and development of cancer: an overview of reviews
Jeyaraman, M. M., Abou-Setta, A. M., Grant, L., Farshidfar, F., Copstein, L., Lys, J., Gottschalk, T., Desautels, D. N., Czaykowski, P. M., Pitz, M. W., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023625 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
[CONSENSUS ON FATS AND OILS IN THE DIET OF S ISH ADULTS; POSITION PAPER OF THE SPANISH FEDERATION OF FOOD, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS SOCIETIES].
Ros, E., López‐Miranda, J., Picó, C., Rubio, M. Á., Babió, N., Sala‐Vila, A., Pérez‐Jiménez, F., Escrich, E., Bulló, M., Solanas, M., et al. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.2.9202 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fats and oils – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
Rosqvist, F., & Niinistö, S. (2024) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10487 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“A previous meta-analysis from 2013 (29) based on partly the same data (one overlapping study) observed no association between intake of butter and all-cause mortality (RR 0.96 [0.85–1.08] per each additional serving/week), with considerable heterogeneity ( I 2 = 78%).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Effect of Exclusive Olive Oil Consumption on Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of the ATTICA and MEDIS Epidemiological Studies
Foscolou, A., Critselis, E., Tyrovolas, S., Chrysohoou, C. A., Sidossis, L. S., Naumovski, N., Matalas, A., Rallidis, L. S., Polychronopoulos, E., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., et al. (2019) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods8010025 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Should we recommend reductions in saturated fat intake or in red/processed meat consumption? The SUN prospective cohort study
Dominguez, L. J., Bes‐Rastrollo, M., Basterra-Gortari, F. J., Gea, A., Barbagallo, M., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.013 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Regrettably, as with o ther dietary guidelines, the recently released 393 2015-2020 DGA [32] do not specifically limit red or total meat consumption, disregarding the 394 compelling evidence of detrimental effects linked t o an excessive meat consumption [6-18,23-26], 395 and the recent report of IARC/WHO indicating c…”
Influential
Lactase persistence, milk intake, and mortality in the Danish general population: a Mendelian randomization study
Bergholdt, H. K. M., Nordestgaard, B. G., Varbo, A., & Ellervik, C. (2017) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0328-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“However, metaanalyses investigating food sources of saturated fat it was reported that there was no association between high intake of milk and dairy products and risk of cardiovascular-, cancer-, or all-cause mortality compared to individuals with low intake [2, 4].”
Background
A Role for Fatty Acids in Peripheral Neuropathy Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes
Rumora, A. E., Kim, B., & Feldman, E. L. (2022) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2021.0155 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Red meats, and processed and fried foods contain highlevelsof long-chain saturated FAs, whereas dairy products, such as milk andcheese, arerichinmedium-chainsaturatedFAs (97).”
Processed meat intake and chronic disease morbidity and mortality: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Händel, M. N., Cardoso, I., Rasmussen, K. M., Rohde, J. F., Jacobsen, R., Nielsen, S. M., Christensen, R., & Heitmann, B. L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223883 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“[35], and only 5 out of 22 systematic reviews fulfilled that [30,33,34,39,40].”
BackgroundMethod
Butter and Plant-Based Oils Intake and Mortality
Zhang, Y., Chadaideh, K. S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Gu, X., Liu, Y., Guasch‐Ferré, M., Rimm, E. B., Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., et al. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0205 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Plasma phospholipid very-long-chain SFAs in midlife and 20-year cognitive change in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC): a cohort study
Li, D., Misialek, J. R., Ma, J., Tsai, M. Y., Eckfeldt, J. H., Steffen, L. M., Knopman, D. S., Wruck, L. M., Gottesman, R. F., Mosley, T. H., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa048 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“For example, meta-analyses of observational studies have failed to show an association between higher intake of SFAs or their food sources and increased risk of overall mortality (1) or cardiovascular diseases (2).”
Background
Soy-Based Tempeh Rich in Paraprobiotics Properties as Functional Sports Food: More Than a Protein Source
Subali, D., Christos, R. E., Givianty, V. T., Ranti, A., Kartawidjajaputra, F., Antono, L., Dijaya, R., Taslim, N. A., Rizzo, G., & Nurkolis, F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15112599 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“High consumption of red meat also affects athletes’ health, because it contains high saturated fat and is linked to causing colon and rectal cancer [13].”
Background
The scale of the evidence base on the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption: findings of a scoping review
Glanville, J., Brown, S., Shamir, R., Szajewska, H., & Eales, J. F. (2015) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00246 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Methods: The review was guided by a protocol agreed a priori and informed by an extensive literature search conducted in November 2013.”
Method
Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder
Fonseca, N. K. D. O. D., Molle, R. D., Costa, M. D. A., Gonçalves, F. G., Silva, A. C., Rodrigues, Y., Price, M., Silveira, P. P., & Manfro, G. G. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0556 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Saturated fat is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality, 37 and generally related to an unhealthy lifestyle, since w Correlation signiﬁcant at p o 0.05 (two-tailed).”
Influential
Adherence to the MIND diet is associated with 12-year all-cause mortality in older adults
Corley, J. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020002979 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Physical activity (level) was derived from responses to a questionnaire item which asked: ‘What level of physical activity do youmainly do?’ and responses were on a sixpoint scale: (1) moving only in connection with necessary (household) chores; (2) walking or other outdoor activities 1–2 times/week; (3) walking or ot…”
Method
Dietary inflammatory index, and depression and mortality risk associations in U.S. adults, with a special focus on cancer survivors
Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Cao, D., He, H., Cao, X., Wang, Y., Jia, Z., & Jiang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1034323 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health
Berciano, S., & Ordovás, J. M. (2014) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2014.05.003 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Yogurt Intake Reduces All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Eight Prospective Cohort Studies
Gao, X., Jia, H.-Y., Chen, G., Li, C., & Mo, H. (2020) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-020-3085-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Plant-based alternative proteins—are they nutritionally more advantageous?
Tay, W. L. W., Quek, R. Y. C., Lim, J. C. L., Kaur, B., Ponnalagu, S., & Henry, C. J. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-023-01328-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Saturated fat is one of the dominant fats found in meat, processed meat, and dairy products, and is associated with higher risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular disease [44, 45].”
Background
Nutrition myths and healthy dietary advice in clinical practice.
Lesser, L. I., Mazza, M. C., & Lucan, S. C. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Meat Consumption and Health Outcomes
Boutron‐Ruault, M., Mesrine, S., & Pierre, F. H. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803968-7.00012-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effect of forage brassicas in dairy cow diets on the fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of Chanco and Ricotta cheeses
Seguel, G., Keim, J. P., Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez, E., Geldsetzer-Mendoza, C., Ibáñez, R. A., & Alvarado-Gilis, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17167 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wheat flour versus rice consumption and vascular diseases: Evidence from the China Study II data
Kock, N. (2015) · Cliodynamics The Journal of Quantitative History and Cultural Evolution · doi:10.21237/c7clio6227969 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“This is an important feature in our analyses, because food-mortality associations tend to be nonlinear (Johansson, 1994; O’Sullivan et al., 2013).”
Background
Milk and dairy products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
Holven, K. B., & Sonestedt, E. (2024) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.29219/fnr.v68.10486 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Is it possible using handgrip strength instead of body mass index in MNA-SF test to assess the nutritional status of geriatric patients?
Kızılarslanoğlu, M. C., Kilic, M. K., Gokce, D., Şakalar, T., & Ülger, Z. (2016) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0744-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of All-cause Mortality
Onni, A. T., Balakrishna, R., Perillo, M., Amato, M., Arjmand, E. J., Thomassen, L. M., Lorenzini, A., & Fadnes, L. T. (2025) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100393 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with the interindividual variability in the blood lipid response to dietary fatty acid consumption in a randomized clinical trial
Rajendiran, E., Lamarche, B., She, Y., Ramprasath, V. R., Eck, P., Brassard, D., Gigleux, I., Levy, E. H., Tremblay, A., Couture, P., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab064 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Habitual Yogurt Consumption and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study
López‐García, E., León-Muñoz, L. M., Guallar‐Castillón, P., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Traditional v. modern dietary patterns among a population in western Austria: associations with body composition and nutrient profile
Egg, S., Erler, J., Perktold, B., Hasenegger, V., Rust, P., Ramoner, R. E., König, J. S., & Purtscher, A. E. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980018003270 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“According to O’Sullivan et al.(60), studies using quantitative dietary assessments, such as multiple 24 h recalls, diet histories or diet records with sufficient length of follow-up and sufficient personal and lifestyle data to adequately adjust for potential confounders, are necessary to clarify the scientific eviden…”
Background
Nutrition and public health economic evaluations under the lenses of post normal science
Piano, S. L., & Robinson, M. (2019) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2019.06.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effect of milk fat on LDL cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy humans: the INNOVALAIT project
Bard, J., Drouet, L. O., Lairon, D., Cazaubiel, M., Marmonier, C., Ninio, E., Sollier, C. B. D., Martin, J., Boyer, C., Bobin‐Dubigeon, C., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-019-0528-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mediterranean, vegetarian and vegan diets as practical outtakes of EAS and ACC/AHA recommendations for lowering lipid profile
Wojda, A., Janczy, A., & Małgorzewicz, S. (2021) · Acta Biochimica Polonica · doi:10.18388/abp.2020_5515 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“It may be suggested that plant-based diet may be more beneficial for reducing CVD risk, however LC-SFA can be also found in plant delivered oils such as coconut (USDA, 2019), palm (Forouhi et al., 2018) and cocoa (Nettleton et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Les effets des nutriments dépendent-ils des aliments qui les portent ? L’effet matrice
Lecerf, J. M., & Legrand, P. (2015) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/j.cnd.2014.12.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Combining antioxidants and processing techniques to improve oxidative stability of a Schizochytrium algal oil ingredient with application in yogurt
Hyatt, J. R., Zhang, S., & Akoh, C. C. (2023) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135835 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Associations of meat consumption and changes with all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients during 11.4-year follow-up: Findings from a population-based nationwide cohort
Zhuang, P., Jiao, J., Wu, F. L., Mao, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.040 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The association between dairy intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with stable angina pectoris
Parys, A. V., Sæle, J., Puaschitz, N. G., Anfinsen, Å. M., Karlsson, T., Olsén, T., Haugsgjerd, T. R., Vinknes, K. J., Holven, K. B., Dierkes, J., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac217 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
6 Cardiovascular Diseases
Marette, A., Picard-Deland, É., & Fernandez, M. A. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b21826-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Challenges to the Development of Strategic Procurement: A Meta‐Analysis of Organizations in the Public and Private Sectors
White, G. R. T., Parfitt, S., Lee, C., & Mason-Jones, R. K. (2016) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/jsc.2061 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Relations between dairy product intake and blood pressure
Aljuraiban, G. S., Stamler, J., Chan, Q. M., Horn, L. V., Daviglus, M. L., Elliott, P., & Griep, L. M. O. (2018) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001779 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“These findings are compatible with previous systematic reviews of prospective cohort studies showing no association of total dairy intake with CVD mortality [39,40], but an inverse association with”
The effect of mycoprotein intake on biomarkers of human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Authors: O’Sullivan, T. A., Hafekost, K., Mitrou, F., & Lawrence, D.
Affiliations: Edith Cowan University (AU)
ORCID: O’Sullivan, Therese A.
Hafekost, Katherine
Mitrou, Francis
Lawrence, David
Venue: American Journal of Public Health
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 2013-09
Volume: 103
Issue: 9
Pages: e31-e42
ISSN: 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
1541-0048
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301492
PMC: PMC3966685
OpenAlex: W2113368413
Cited by: 168
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 2.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Dairy Innovation Australia Limited
National Health and Medical Research Council
National Medical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: saturated fat, mortality, all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, dairy products, milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, meat consumption, processed meat, dietary assessment, dietary guidelines
MeSH terms: Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Food, Food Analysis, Humans, Mortality, Risk Factors

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Food Sources of Saturated Fat and the Association With Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

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