Cited by 87Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsDietary Effects on HealthNutritional Studies and Diet

Nutrition and longevity—From mechanisms to uncertainties

Ekmekcioglu, Cem·2020·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Abstract

Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors primarily determine the lifespan of humans. From these, nutrition is a key component affecting our health, and several studies particularly in model organisms and rodents have shown that nutrition has also the potential to increase lifespan. This review, therefore, aimed to summarize and discuss the most important nutritional components and diets which have been repeatedly associated with longevity. A brief summary of mechanistic factors involved, like for example mTor, IGF-1, and autophagy, will also be presented. Finally, the association of foods and diets with all-cause mortality will be summarized by conducting a mini umbrella review of available meta-analyses. The main conclusions of this review are that caloric restriction without malnutrition, methionine restriction, lower protein intake or supplementation of spermidine are major life-extending factors, in model organisms or rodents. In humans, certain healthy foods are associated with longer telomere length, and reductions in protein intake with lower IGF-1 levels, respectively, both relations being associated with longer lifespan. Furthermore, a high intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and also coffee is associated with a reduced risk for all-cause mortality whereas a high intake of (red) meat and especially processed meat is positively related to all-cause mortality. In addition, the Mediterranean and also high-quality diets are associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk.

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Crossref · 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676698

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Authors
Ekmekcioglu, C.
Affiliations
Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Venue
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Published
2019-10-21
Volume
60
Issue
18
Pages
3063-3082
ISSN
  • 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-7852
OpenAlex
W2981680141
Cited by
87
References
272
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4
FWCI
0.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords
nutrition and longevity, lifespan extension, caloric restriction, methionine restriction, protein intake, spermidine, mTOR, insulin-like growth factor I, autophagy, telomere length, all-cause mortality, Mediterranean diet, processed meat, red meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts, coffee
MeSH terms
Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Longevity, Nutritional Status, Vegetables, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Caloric Restriction

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