Dietary intake of saturated fat by food source and incident cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Open accessAbstract
Background Although dietary recommendations have focused on restricting saturated fat (SF) consumption to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, evidence from prospective studies has not supported a strong link between total SF intake and CVD events. An understanding of whether food sources of SF influence these relations may provide new insights.Objective We investigated the association of SF consumption from different food sources and the incidence of CVD events in a multiethnic population.Design Participants who were 45-84 y old at baseline (n = 5209) were followed from 2000 to 2010. Diet was assessed by using a 120-item food-frequency questionnaire. CVD incidence (316 cases) was assessed during follow-up visits.Results After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary confounders, a higher intake of dairy SF was associated with lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI) for +5 g/d and +5% of energy from dairy SF: 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) and 0.62 (0.47, 0.82), respectively]. In contrast, a higher intake of meat SF was associated with greater CVD risk [HR (95% CI) for +5 g/d and a +5% of energy from meat SF: 1.26 (1.02, 1.54) and 1.48 (0.98, 2.23), respectively]. The substitution of 2% of energy from meat SF with energy from dairy SF was associated with a 25% lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.63, 0.91)]. No associations were observed between plant or butter SF and CVD risk, but ranges of intakes were narrow.Conclusion Associations of SF with health may depend on food-specific fatty acids or other nutrient constituents in foods that contain SF, in addition to SF.
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A higher intake of saturated fatty acids from meat products is related to the development of ASCVD, while a lower ASCVD risk is linked to a higher intake of saturated fatty acids from dairy sources.
“de Oliveira et al. in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n = 5209) reported that a higher intake of SFA from meat products is related to the development of ASCVD; on the other hand, a lower ASCVD risk has been correlated to a higher intake of SFA from dairy products [125].”
From Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? (2022) · cites this paper as [125]
The effect of a saturated fat on CHD may depend on the type of fatty acid and the specific food source (dairy vs meat).
“Emerging evidence suggests that the effect of a saturated fat on CHD may depend on the type of fatty acid and the specific food source (i.e., dairy vs. meat) (160,161).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [160]
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- Authors
- de Oliveira Otto, M. C., Mozaffarian, D., Kromhout, D., Bertoni, A. G., Sibley, C. T., Jacobs, D. R., & Nettleton, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 397-404
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3396447
- OpenAlex
- W2122619674
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 23.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc95164-17-0-1, n01hc95165-34-0-1, n01hc95161-24-0-1, n01hc95166-21-0-1, n01hc95162-31-0-1, n01hc95160-18-0-1, n01hc95163-22-0-1, n01hc95159-40-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, (N01-HC-95163, N01 HC-95161, N01 HC95165, N01HC95164, N01‐HC‐95166, N01 HC-95162)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK082729)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- saturated fat, cardiovascular disease incidence, dietary substitution, butter, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, multi-ethnic population
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Cattle, Dairy Products, Diet, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Male, Meat, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Nutrition Assessment, Incidence, Atherosclerosis
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