CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 661Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and StudiesFungal Plant Pathogen Control

Fluconazole: A Review of its Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties, and Therapeutic Potential in Superficial and Systemic Mycoses

Grant, Susan M., Clissold, Stephen P.·1990·Drugs
DOI 10.2165/00003495-199039060-00006
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Fluconazole is a bis-triazole antifungal drug with novel pharmacokinetic properties (metabolic stability, relatively high water solubility) which contribute to its therapeutic activity. Clinical experience is limited to a relatively small number of mycoses and, as might be expected at this early stage of development, optimal dosage and duration of treatment for some serious mycoses is not yet established. Further study to evaluate higher dosages and to establish the efficacy of fluconazole relative to more established antifungal agents is required. In patients with oropharyngeal or oesophageal candidiasis, fluconazole produces rapid relief and eradicates the yeast in 50 to 90% of patients. Relapse of oral infection is common in chronically immunocompromised patients regardless of the antifungal used, and adequate primary therapy plus long term prophylaxis appears necessary in patients with AIDS. A single oral dose of fluconazole was comparable to standard topical azole therapy in women with acute vaginal candidiasis. Preliminary reports of success against deep-seated candidiasis are encouraging; moreover, experience in noncomparative clinical trials suggests that fluconazole 200 to 400mg once daily resolves infection in the majority of seriously ill patients. Clinical improvement has been reported in a few cases of pulmonary Aspergillus infection but the overall efficacy of conventional dosages of fluconazole in this mycosis has not been as impressive. Early experience in coccidioidosis, predominantly meningitis, suggests a beneficial clinical effect with oral fluconazole in this difficult to treat mycosis but relapse remains a problem. Fluconazole is a promising treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. The rate of clinical resolution and eradication of Cryptococcus neoformans from cerebrospinal fluid has been similar between fluconazole and amphotericin B treatment groups in comparative trials. Comparative trials of maintenance therapy indicate a similar low rate of relapse among patients given oral fluconazole once daily and intravenous amphotericin B once weekly. However, these results are preliminary and further study is required. Fluconazole has been well tolerated to date but wider clinical experience is needed, especially with regard to the rate occurrence of hepatotoxicity and exfoliative skin reactions. The promising clinical response of patients with various forms of candidiasis or cryptococcosis--together with convenient administration regimens--recommends fluconazole as a useful addition to currently available systemic antifungal therapies, in particular for the treatment of mycoses in patients with AIDS.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2165/00003495-199039060-00006

Cites

159 of 159 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In comparison with the half-life of fluconazole in adults (30 h), the half-life in neonates is 55-90 h.

    “In comparison with the half-life of fluconazole in adults (30 h), the half-life in neonates is 55-90 h [93].”

    From Guidelines for Treatment of Candidiasis (2004) · cites this paper as [93]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 160 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Grant, S. M., & Clissold, S. P.
ORCID
Grant, Susan M.
Venue
Drugs
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1990-06
Volume
39
Issue
6
Pages
877-916
ISSN
0012-6667 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/00003495-199039060-00006
OpenAlex
W1971920484
Cited by
661
References
160
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI
25.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Drugs (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Keywords
antifungal agents, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, cryptococcal meningitis, AIDS, pulmonary aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis, vaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions
MeSH terms
Animals, Fungi, Humans, Mycoses, Fluconazole

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review