United States Data Center Energy Usage Report
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States), Shehabi, Arman, USDOE, Smith, Sarah, Sartor, Dale, Brown, Richard, Herrlin, Magnus, Koomey, Jonathan +4 more·2016
DOI 10.2172/1372902
Cited by (1,000)
Items 501–600 of 1,000
- Design and evaluation of a joint profit and interference-aware VMs consolidation in IaaS cloud datacenterKeyvan RahimiZadeh, Abbas Dehghani · 2021 · Cluster Computing
- Energy management for data centre microgrids considering co‐optimisation of workloads and waste heatMing Tian, Haifeng Zhang, Hongyu Wu · 2021 · IET Energy Systems Integration
- Impact of temporal subsampling on accuracy and performance in practical video classificationFlorian Scheidegger, Lukas Cavigelli, Michael Schaffner, A. Cristiano I. Malossi, Costas Bekas, Luca Benini C · 2017 · European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)
- Investigation on Advanced Cold Plate Liquid Cooling Solution for Large Scale Application in Data CenterXianguang Tan, Hongmei Liu, Jiajun Zhang, Wenbin Tian, Yu Jiang, Xingping Ruan, Baolin Wang, Liang Wu, Jun Zhang, Nishi Ahuja · 2023 · I-THERM :/I-THERM - Intersociety Conference on Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems
- DeepPower: Deep Reinforcement Learning based Power Management for Latency Critical Applications in Multi-core SystemsJingrun Zhang, Guangba Yu, Zilong He, Liang Ai, Pengfei Chen · 2023 · Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing
- A series-stacked architecture with 4-to-1 GaN-based isolated converters for high-efficiency data center power deliveryYizhe Zhang, Enver Candan, Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski · 2017 · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
- Coupling a small battery with a datacenter for frequency regulationRanjini Guruprasad, Prakash Murali, Dilip Krishnaswamy, Shivkumar Kalyanaraman A · 2017 · IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting
- Wholesale electricity pricing in the presence of geographical load balancingMohammed A. Abdelghany, Hamed Mohsenian‐Rad, Mahnoosh Alizadeh · 2017 · Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC)
- Epistemic Uncertainty Propagation in Power ModelsMarco Gribaudo, Riccardo Pinciroli, Kishor Shridharbhai Trivedi · 2018 · Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science
- Cooling Control of Data Centers Using Linear Quadratic RegulatorsWinston García-Gabín, Kateryna Mishchenko, Erik Berglund · 2018 · Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)
- Smartphones as Alternative Cloud Computing Engines: Benefits and Trade-offsBrennan Schaffner, Jason Sawin, Joseph M. Myre · 2018 · International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud)
- DC Energy Data Measurement and Analysis for Productivity and Waste Energy AssessmentAnastasiia Grishina, Marta Chinnici, Davide De Chiara, Guido Guarnieri, Ah-Lian Kor, Éric Rondeau, Jean‐Philippe Georges · 2018 · IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE)
- An Energy-Efficient Greedy MapReduce Scheduler for Heterogeneous Hadoop YARN ClusterVaibhav Pandey, Poonam Saini · 2018 · Lecture notes in computer science
- Demand Response for Reducing Coincident Peak Loads in Data CentersMaciej Z. Lukawski, Jefferson William Tester, Michal C. Moore, Paweł Król, C. Lindsay Anderson · 2019 · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
- Probability-Based Online Algorithm for Switch Operation of Energy Efficient Data CenterJun Sun, Qinmin Yang, Zaiyue Yang · 2019 · IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing
- Quality-Elasticity: Improved Resource Utilization, Throughput, and Response Times Via Adjusting Output Quality to Current Operating ConditionsLars Larsson, William Tärneberg, Cristian Klein, Erik Elmroth · 2019 · IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC)
- Impedance-Balancing-based Modulation Strategy for Common-Mode Noise Elimination of CHB ConverterYu Qi, Xinke Wu · 2020 · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
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- Model-based data center cooling controls comparative co-designMilica Grahovac, Paul R. Ehrlich, Jianjun Hu, Michael Wetter · 2023 · Science and Technology for the Built Environment
- Energy-efficient LLM Training in GPU datacenters with Immersion Cooling SystemsShuntao Zhu, Dan Wang · 2025 · ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems (e-Energy)
- Greenhouse gas emissions due to long-term data storage of CT with reformats and strategies for mitigationYiFan Jia, Michael Deng, Rebecca Burger, Sarah Sheard, Kate A Hanneman, Moran Drucker Iarovich, Evis Sala, Giacomo Avesani, Rowland Oliver Illing, Andrea Rockall · 2025 · European Radiology
- An Experimental Investigation on the Fluid Distribution in a Two-Phase Cooled Rack Under Steady and Transient Information Technology LoadsSadegh Khalili, Srikanth Rangarajan, Vadim Gektin, Husam A. Alissa, Bahgat G Sammakia · 2020 · Journal of Electronic Packaging
- Optimizing energy consumption in centralized and distributed cloud architectures with a comparative study to increase stability and efficiencyTangsen Huang, Weiguo Huang, Bin Zhang, Wenzhi Chen, Xuewen Pan · 2025 · Energy and Buildings
- Shedding light on U.S. small and midsize data centers: Exploring insights from the CBECS surveyNuoa Lei, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Eric R. Masanet, Sarah Josephine Smith, Arman Shehabi · 2025 · Energy and Buildings
- Demand response for data centers in deregulated markets: A matching game approachShahab Bahrami, Vincent W. S. Wong, Jianwei Huang · 2017 · IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)
- Hybrid Solution for Container Placement and Load Balancing based on ACO and Bin PackingOussama Smimite, Karim Afdel · 2020 · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
- A New Approach to Capacity Scaling Augmented with Unreliable Machine Learning PredictionsDaan Rutten, Debankur Mukherjee · 2023 · Mathematics of Operations Research
- Information batteriesJennifer Switzer, Barath Raghavan · 2021 · ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review
- Independent determination of Peltier coefficient in thermoelectric devicesRuchika Dhawan, Hari Prasad Panthi, Orlando Lazaro, Andres A. Blanco, Hal L. Edwards, Mark Lee · 2022 · Applied Physics Letters
- A review on data replication strategies in cloud systemsRiad Mokadem, Jorge Martínez-Gil, Abdelkader Hameurlain, Josef Kueng · 2022 · International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing
- Energy efficient HPC network topologies with on/off linksFrancisco J. Andújar, Salvador Coll, Marina Alonso, Juan-Miguel Martínez, Pedro López, José L. Sánchez, Francisco J. Alfaro · 2022 · Future Generation Computer Systems
- A Restless Bandit Model for Energy-Efficient Job Assignments in Server FarmsJing Fu, Xinyu Wang, Zengfu Wang, Moshe Zukerman D · 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
- Minimizing Carbon Emissions by Improving Water and Energy Use Efficiencies in AI Servers: A Green Cloud Computing Strategy for Sustainable Artificial Intelligence SystemsSumit Saklani, Devendra Singh · 2024 · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)
- Highly reliable and low-cost symbiotic IOT devices and systemsBing-Yang Lin, Hsin-Wei Hung, Shu-Mei Tseng, Chi Chen, Cheng‐Wen Wu · 2017 · IEEE International Test Conference (ITC)
- Energy Saving in Data CentersWolfgang W. Bein · 2018 · Electronics
- Energy Aware Data Centers and Networks: a SurveyPiotr Arabas · 2018 · Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
- The Architecture of Kaligreen V2: A Middleware Aware of Hardware Opportunities to Save EnergyHernn H. lvarez-Valera, Marc Dalmau, Philippe Roose, Christina Herzog · 2019 · International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS)
- Liquid Cooling, opportunity & challenges toward effective and efficient scalabilitiesJie Wei · 2019 · IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ)
- Supplying Medium Voltage to Data-center Racks Directly Using SiC-Based ConverterSuvendu Samanta, Isaac Wong, Richard Beddingfield, Subhashish Bhattacharya, Guangqi Zhu, Birger Pahl · 2019 · IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications
- Hadoop ZedBoard cluster with GZIP compression FPGA accelerationOvidiu Plugariu, Lucian Petrică, Radu Pirea, R. Hobincu · 2019 · International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)
- Experimental and Computational Investigations of the Thermal Environment in a Small Operational Data Center for Potential Energy Efficiency Improvementsİsmail Türkmen, Cem Ahmet Mercan, Hamza Salih Erden · 2020 · Journal of Electronic Packaging
- Improving Prediction Accuracy Concerning the Thermal Environment of a Data Center by Using Design of ExperimentsNaoki Futawatari, Yosuke Udagawa, Taro Mori, Hirofumi HAYAMA · 2020 · Energies
- Intra- and Inter-Server Smart Task Scheduling for Profit and Energy Optimization of HPC Data CentersSayed Ashraf Mamun, Alexander Gilday, Amit Kumar Singh, Amlan Ganguly, Geoff V. Merrett, Xiaohang Wang, Bashir M. Al‐Hashimi · 2020 · Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications
- Real-Time Cooling Power Attribution for Co-Located Data Center Rooms with Distinct TemperaturesRongrong Wang, Duc Van Le, Rui Tan, Y.W. Wong, Yonggang Wen · 2020 · ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation (BuildSys)
- SiC-Based Wireless Power Transformation for Data Centers and Medium Voltage ApplicationsGuangqi Zhu, Birger Pahl · 2020 · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)
- Promoting SustainabilitySheelratan Shashikant Bansode, Rahul B. Hiremath, Gurudevi Hiremath · 2024 · Practice, progress, and proficiency in sustainability
- Moving to Green Edges: A Cooperative MEC Framework to Reduce Energy Demand of CloudsHongjia Li, Song Ci, Yang Chang, Xinrui Tan, Shiming Hou, Zejue Wang · 2019 · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)
- The Polluting Cloud. A Socio-environmental analysis of the Digital Carbon FootprintUniversidad Tecnológica Fidel Velázquez, México, Domingo Rafael Castañeda Olvera · 2022 · PAAKAT Revista de Tecnología y Sociedad
- EnergAt: Fine-Grained Energy Attribution for Multi-TenancyHongyu Hè, Michal Friedman, Theodoros Rekatsinas · 2024 · ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review
- Net zero needs AI — five actions to realize its promiseAmy Lynd Luers · 2025 · Nature
- Influence of component arrangement on thermal management in immersion-cooled server boardsM. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi, Fatemeh Hojjati, S.M. Hassani · 2026 · Energy
- Hybrid power purchase agreements for flexible 24/7 Energy delivery – A comprehensive review of current practices and research pathwaysDongwei Zhao, Zhi Zhou, Daniel S. Boff, Alisha R Fernandez · 2026 · Applied Energy
- Scenario-based forecasting of the global energy demand and carbon footprint of artificial intelligenceBerke M. Turkay, Ipek Pehlivan, Nuri C. Onat, Murat Küçükvar, Metin Türkay · 2026 · PLoS ONE
- Worldwide energy consumption of hyperscale data centers: A SurveyAasheesh Raizada, Kishan Pal Singh, Mohammad Sajid · 2020 · International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub
- A 97% Peak Efficiency 12V to 1V 500A Multi-Phase Direct Power Converter for High Current ApplicationsAlejandro Castro, Pablo Mazariegos, Alejandro Figueroa, Álvaro Cobos, Jose Antonio Cobos · 2024 · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
- Control Strategies and Design Guideline for Single Phase MISN PFC ConverterWending Zhao, Tianlin Huang, Xinke Wu · 2025 · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
- Capacity Management as a Service for Enterprise Standard SoftwareHendrik Müller, Sascha Bosse, Klaus Turowski · 2018 · Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly
- Real-time Operation of a Data Center as Virtual Power Plant Considering Battery LifetimePrajina Tandukar, Labi Bajracharya, Timothy M. Hansen, Robert Fourney, Ujjwol Tamrakar, Reinaldo Tonkoski · 2018 · International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)
- Case Studies for Achieving a Return on Investment With a Hardware Refresh in Organizations With Small Data CentersJoseph C. Doyle, Rabih Bashroush · 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing
- Evaluation of Smart Home Systems and Novel UV-Oriented Solution for Integration, Resilience, Inclusiveness & SustainabilityLongling Geng, Xinzhang Xiong, Zhenyao Liu, Yifan Wei, Ziliang Lan, Mingyuan Hu, Mengxi Guo, Rebecca S. Xu, Hao Yuan, Zhiyuan Yang et al. · 2022 · International Conference on Universal Village (UV)
- Addressing Data Center Cooling Needs through the Use of Subsurface Thermal Energy Storage SystemsY. Zhang, Diana Acero-Allard, T. Atkinson, K. Beckers, Patrick F. Dobson, Wencheng Jin, N. Lei, Hyunjun Oh, P. Peng, D. Sartor et al. · 2023 · SPE Energy Transition Symposium
- A Current Controllable Active Transient-Voltage Compensation Circuit for Voltage Regulator ModuleJiarui Wu, Xu Yang, Xingwei Huang, Kangping Wang, Wenjie Chen · 2023 · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
- Financial analysis of decentralized water reuse systems in mission critical facilities at U.S. Army installationsAndy Y. Hur, Martin A. Page, Jeremy S. Guest, Christine M. Ploschke · 2024 · Environmental Science Water Research & Technology
- Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Single-Phase Liquid Cooling for Heterogeneous Integration Multichip ModuleAhmad R. Gharaibeh, Qusai Soud, Yaman “Mohammad Ali” Manaserh, Mohammad I. Tradat, Bahgat G Sammakia · 2024 · Journal of Electronic Packaging
- Performance Analysis of Liquid-to-Air Heat Exchanger of High-Power Density RacksAli Heydari, Ahmad R. Gharaibeh, Mohammad I. Tradat, Qusai Soud, Yaman “Mohammad Ali” Manaserh, Vahideh Radmard, Bahareh Eslami, Jeremy Rodriguez, Bahgat G Sammakia · 2024 · Journal of Electronic Packaging
- Reducing Power Use and Enabling Oversubscription in Multi-tenant Data Centers Using Local PriceSulav Malla, Kenneth J. Christensen · 2017 · IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC)
- EC3: Cutting Cooling Energy Consumption Through Weather-Aware Geo-Scheduling Across Multiple DatacentersJiahong Wu, Yuan Jin, Jianguo Yao · 2017 · IEEE Access
- Hidden Storage in Data Centers: Gaining Flexibility Through Cooling SystemsRobert Basmadjian, Yashar Ghiassi-Farrokhfal, Arun Vishwanath · 2018 · Lecture notes in computer science
- A framework design for sustainability of green data centerSazrina Ramli, Dian Indrayani Jambari, Umi Asma’ Mokhtar · 2017
- Battery Size Impact in Green Coverage of Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy: A Latitude ComparisonEnida Sheme, Sébastien Lafond, Dorian Minarolli, Elinda Kajo Meçe, Simon Holmbacka · 2018 · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies
- Improving Efficiency of Edge Computing Infrastructures through Orchestration Models †Raffaele Bolla, Alessandro Carrega, Matteo Repetto, Giorgio Robino · 2018 · Computers
- CFD Simulation and Optimization of the Cooling of Open Compute Machine Learning “Big Sur” ServerMangesh Mohan Dhadve, Jimil M. Shah, Dereje A. Agonafer · 2018 · I-THERM :/I-THERM - Intersociety Conference on Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems
- Power Aware Heterogeneous Node AssemblyBilge Acun, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Eun Kyung Lee, Yoonho Park · 2019 · IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)
- AIX: A high performance and energy efficient inference accelerator on FPGA for a DNN-based commercial speech recognitionMinwook Ahn, Seok Joong Hwang, Wonsub Kim, Seungrok Jung, Yeonbok Lee, Moo-Kyoung Chung, Woohyung Lim, Youngjoon Kim · 2019 · Design, Automation, and Test in Europe
- Identification of North American softwoods via machine-learningDercílio Júnior Verly Lopes, Gabrielly dos Santos Bobadilha, Greg W. Burgreen, Edward D. Entsminger · 2021 · Canadian Journal of Forest Research
- Exploring Social Dynamics of Hard-Disk Drives Circularity with an Agent-Based ApproachJulien Walzberg, Fu Zhao, Kali Frost, Alberta C. Carpenter, Garvin A. Heath · 2021 · IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability
- A Novel Current Self-Balancing Method for High-Gain and High-Frequency ConverterXiqi Wu, Rui Li, Xu Cai · 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
- Principals of Optimal Cloud Resource ManagementNatalia V. Toutova, A. G. Erokhin, Andrew V. Toutov, Ванина Маргарита Федоровна, E. A. Frolova · 2022 · Intelligent Technologies and Electronic Devices in Vehicle and Road Transport Complex (TIRVED)
- Development of a simple power consumption model of information technology (IT) equipment for building simulationHoward Cheung, Shengwei Wang, Chaoqun Zhuang · 2017 · Energy Procedia
- Modeled and Experimentally Validated Retrofit of High Consumption Data Centers on an Academic CampusFabio Battaglia, Raja Sampath Maheedhara, Amar Vamsi Krishna, F Singer, Michael M. Ohadi · 2018 · I-THERM :/I-THERM - Intersociety Conference on Thermal Phenomena in Electronic Systems
- Energy-aware Task Scheduling on DVS-enabled Heterogeneous Clusters by Iterated Local SearchYujian Zhang, Yun Wang, Xin Yuan · 2018 · International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)
- Temperature and Power Aware Server Placement Optimization for Enterprise Data CenterLongchuan Yan, Wantao Liu, Dongxia Bai · 2018 · IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)
- Allocating Virtual Machines exploring Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Admissible OrdersBruno Moura, Guilherme Bayer Schneider, Adenauer Yamin, Mauricio Lima Pilla, Renata Reiser · 2019 · IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)
- Modeling and Simulation of QoS-Aware Power Budgeting in Cloud Data CentersJakub Krzywda, Vinícius Meyer, Miguel G. Xavier, Ahmed Ali-Eldin, Per-Olov Östberg, César A. F. De Rose, Erik Elmroth · 2020 · Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP)
- A Review of Energy Efficient Optimization Techniques for VM Placement in Cloud Data CentersInderjit Singh Dhanoa · 2019 · International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development
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