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Food and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic condition with a high prevalence in western countries. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation episodes and a decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure are the main mechanisms involved. Currently used drugs are efficient on reflux symptoms, but only as long as they are administered, because they do not modify the reflux barrier. Certain nutrients or foods are generally considered to increase the frequency of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, therefore physicians recommend changes in diet and some patients avoid bothering foods. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding food and gastroesophageal reflux. For example, fat intake increases the perception of reflux symptoms. Regular coffee and chocolate induce gastroesophageal reflux and increase the lower esophageal exposure to acid. Spicy foods might induce heartburn, but the exact mechanism is not known. Beer and wine induce gastroesophageal reflux, mainly in the first hour after intake. For other foods, like fried food or carbonated beverages data on gastroesophageal reflux is scarce. Similarly, there are few data about the type of diet and gastroesophageal reflux. Mediterranean diet and a very low carbohydrate diet protect against reflux. Regarding diet-related practices, consistent data showed that a “short-meal-to-sleep interval” favors reflux episodes, therefore some authors recommend that dinner should be at least four hours before bedtime. All these recommendations should consider patient’s weight, because several meta-analyses showed a positive association between increased body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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“A positive association has also been reported between GERD and increased body mass index [40], and weight loss is advised to reduce symptoms [46].”
From Effects of Coffee on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: A Narrative Review and Literature Update (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Surdea-Blaga, T., Negrutiu, D. E., Palage, M., & Dumitrascu, D. L.
- Affiliations
- 2nd Dept. of Internal Medicine, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Farmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Dumitrascu, Dan L.
- Venue
- Current Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2019-09-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 3497-3511
- ISSN
- 0929-8673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2615285755
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- gastroesophageal reflux disease, dietary factors, lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, dietary fat intake, coffee, chocolate, spicy food, alcohol, fried foods, soft drinks, Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diet, body mass index, reflux symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Beverages, Eating, Food, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Humans, Obesity, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.