Cited by 201Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and MetabolismCardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

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Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes - Role of the Adipokines

Arner, P.·2005·Current Molecular Medicine

DOI 10.2174/1566524053766022

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Abstract

The role of adipocytes as protein secreting cells has been known for almost 15 years. Most of these proteins have known biological activity and are called adipokines. However, only a few of the adipokines have been shown to regulate insulin sensitivity. The latter effects are direct or indirect. The adipokines regulating insulin sensitivity are tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin-6, resistin and leptin. This review examines the mechanism how these adipokines influence insulin sensitivity, how the adipocyte production of the adipokines is regulated and if genetic variance in the genes encoding for adipokines is important for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: adipose tissue, endothelial cells, tumor necrosis factor alpha, glucose metabolism, gi protein, lipolytic, interleukin, glucocorticoids, inflammatory genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms

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Potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes: A Systematic
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Intrinsic Features in MicroRNA Transcriptomes Link Porcine Visceral Rather than Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues to Metabolic Risk
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“ATs are deeply involved in the development of metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are connected to obesity [12,13,14].”
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Antioxidant Versus Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Mushroom-Enriched Diets on Mitochondria in Liver Disease
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Serum visfatin and its relation to insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macroangiopathy
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“Introduction Adipokines produced by adipose tissue, such as adiponectin, resistin and leptin, may link obesity to insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (1).”
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The nitric oxide-donating derivative of acetylsalicylic acid, NCX 4016, stimulates glucose transport and glucose transporters translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
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“[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), the cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1a”
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“be capable of synthesizing and secreting adipokines [4].”
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Hypoadiponectinemia and its Association with Liver Fibrosis in Morbidly Obese Patients
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“The role of cytokines [both adipokines, i.e., fat-secreted proteins such as leptin or adiponectin and fat- or liverderived cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in this process seems to be relevant as these factors are able to influence insulin sensitivity [ 15 , 16] and have…”
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The effect of n-3 PUFAs on circulating adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Farimani, A. R., Hariri, M., Azimi–Nezhad, M., Borji, A., Zarei, S., & Hooshmand, E. (2018) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-018-1110-6 · Cited by 34
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Adiponectin and Leptin in African Americans
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“Leptin increases insulin sensitivity by reducing food intake and the fat content of insu lin responsive tissues in rodents (3,28).”
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GC‐(4→8)‐GCG, A Proanthocyanidin Dimer from Camellia ptilophylla, Modulates Obesity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice
Peng, J., Jia, Y., Hu, T., Du, J., Wang, Y., Cheng, B., & Li, K. (2019) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201900082 · Cited by 27
CHROMIUM PICOLINATE INHIBITS RESISTIN SECRETION IN INSULIN‐RESISTANT 3T3‐L1 ADIPOCYTES VIA ACTIVATION OF AMP‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE
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“Recent studies have revealed that adipocytes can secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin and resistin, which regulate the development of insulin resistance, a pathogenic hallmark of T2DM.(8,9) Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived, 30 kDa multimeric protein, is one of the most abundant plasma proteins.”
BackgroundInfluential
MicroRNA Transcriptomes Relate Intermuscular Adipose Tissue to Metabolic Risk
Ma, J., Yu, S., Wang, F., Bai, L., Xiao, J. Y., Jiang, Y., Chen, L., Wang, J., Jiang, A., Li, M., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms14048611 · Cited by 27
Circulating Zinc-α2-glycoprotein levels and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Lai, Y., Chen, J., Li, L., Jingxia, Y., He, J., Yang, M., Jia, Y., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liao, Y., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep25934 · Cited by 26
Plasma visfatin levels are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
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“Cytokines such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 play an important role in the pathogenesis of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) [4-6].”
Background
Both slow-release and regular-form metformin improve glycemic control without altering plasma visfatin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hsieh, C., He, C.-T., Lee, C.-H., Wu, L., & Hung, Y. (2007) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.018 · Cited by 25
“The concentrations of all of the above adipocytokines and CRP are positively correlated to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the presence of chronic inflammation except for adiponectin level, which is negatively correlated [3,11,12].”
Background
Visfatin Serum Levels in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Relation to Proinflammatory Cytokines and Insulin Resistance.
Hetta, ‏. F., Eldeen, M. E. E., Mohamed, G. A., Gaber, M. A., ElBadre, H. M., Ahmed, E. A., Abd-ellatief, R. B., El-Baky, R. M. A., Elkady, A., Nafee, A. M. A., et al. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 24
The importance of treating cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
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“Under normal conditions, adipokines are controlled by numerous factors, such as fat mass, diet and gender.(11) In abdominally obese individuals, however, levels of adipokines appear to be dysregulated.”
Background
Comparative Evaluation of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet and a Mediterranean Diet in Overweight/Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 16-Week Intervention Study
Currenti, W., Losavio, F., Quiete, S., Alanazi, A. M., Messina, G., Polito, R., Ciolli, F., Zappalà, R. S., Galvano, F., & Cincione, R. I. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010095 · Cited by 23
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Gültürk, S., Çetin, A., & Erdal, S. (2008) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/1658-3175.4353 · Cited by 23
Hexarelin Signaling to PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases
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“Adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin which exhibit insulin-sensitizing effects, or resistin, tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) which act as insulin resistance factors, all share autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine activity that regulates insulin sensitivity, therefore, establishing a role fo…”
Background
Adipokines and Insulin Resistance According to Characteristics of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Jeon, E. J., Hong, S. Y., & Lee, J. H. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.457 · Cited by 22
“In addition, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are all known to be produced within the intrauterine environment such as the placenta [24-26].”
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The Effects of Long-Term, Low-Level Exposure to Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Worker's Insulin Resistance
Won, Y. L., Ko, Y., Heo, K., et al. (2011) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.5491/shaw.2011.2.4.365 · Cited by 21
“In this study, IL-6 was not significantly high; however, others have reported that it increases IR by increasing free fatty acid levels in blood [30] and partly induces IR by stimulating the degradation of body fat, interrupting glucose metabolism, and decreasing the adiponectin [31].”
Background

Authors: Arner, P.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author: Arner, P.
ORCID: Arner, P.
Venue: Current Molecular Medicine
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2005-05-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Pages: 333-339
ISSN: 1566-5240 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2174/1566524053766022
OpenAlex: W2006828160
Cited by: 201
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 16.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Keywords: insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, adipokines, adipocytes, TNF-α, adiponectin, interleukin-6, resistin, leptin, adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, genetic polymorphism, glucose metabolism, inflammation
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hormones, Ectopic, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Models, Biological, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Genetic Variation, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Adipocytes, Leptin, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Adiponectin, Resistin, Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase

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Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes - Role of the Adipokines

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