The Effects of Medications Used for the Management of Diabetes and Obesity on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. In this systematic review we examined the effect of the medications used for the management of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia on postprandial lipemia. It should be mentioned that no standardization exists for a test meal and for the duration of observation postprandially to allow for direct comparisons between the published studies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are associated with enhanced postprandial lipemia. Insulin is effective in reducing both fasting and post prandial total triglyceride levels as well as triglycerides contained in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein sub-fractions. Additionally, the newer rapid-acting insulin analogues seem to be more effective in the reduction of postprandial lipemia than the short-acting human insulins. Acarbose ameliorates postprandial lipemia and reduces the atherogenic chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein remnants. Metformin reduces both fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia, fasting and post-prandial free fatty acids and may increase the concentrations of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sulfonylureas reduce fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels while data on the effect on high density lipoprotein levels are inconsistent. The effect of meglitinides on postprandial lipid metabolism is neutral. Rosiglitazone decreases fasting and postprandial free fatty acids but has no significant effect on fasting and postprandial triglycerides. Pioglitazone has additional beneficial effects on lipid metabolism because it reduces postprandial free fatty acids, fasting and postprandial triglycerides and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Limited available data suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and vildagliptin reduce postprandial lipemia through reduction of intestinally-derived triglycerides. No data exist on the effect of sitagliptin on postprandial lipemia. Orlistat improves postprandial lipemia by reducing the absorption of the dietary fat; no data exist on the effect of sibutramine and rimonabant on the metabolism of lipids in the postprandial state.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Metformin is associated with improvements in lipoprotein metabolism, including decreases in LDL-C, fasting and postprandial triglycerides, and free fatty acids.
“Metformin is associated with improvements in lipoprotein metabolism, including decreases in LDL-C [95], fasting and postprandial TGs, and free fatty acids [106].”
From Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [106]
Cites
Lehmann, J. M., Moore, L. B., Smith-Oliver, T. A., Wilkison, W. O., Willson, T. M., & Kliewer, S. A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.12953 · Cited by 3,626 · see citing works
Atherogenesis: a postprandial phenomenon.
Zilversmit, D. B. (1979) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.60.3.473 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia
Després, J.-P., Golay, A., & Sjöström, L. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa044537 · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
Efficacy of Metformin in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A., & Goodman, A. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199508313330902 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Buse, J. B., Henry, R. R., Han, J., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., Baron, A. D., & for the Exenatide-113 Clinical Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2628 · Cited by 1,346 · see citing works
Sjöström, L., Rissanen, A., Andersen, T., Boldrin, M., Golay, A., Koppeschaar, H. P., & Krempf, M. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11509-4 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
Pi-Sunyer, X., Aronne, L. J., Heshmati, H. M., Devin, J., Rosenstock, J., & for the RIO-North America Study Group (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.7.761 · Cited by 1,209 · see citing works
Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. Studies in the postprandial state
Patsch, J. R., Miesenböck, G., Hopferwieser, T., Mühlberger, V, Knapp, E., Dunn, J. K., Gotto, A. M., & Patsch, W. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.11.1336 · Cited by 1,122 · see citing works
Kirpichnikov, D., McFarlane, S. I., & Sowers, J. R. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00009 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Lipoprotein lipase: structure, function, regulation, and role in disease
Mead, J. R., Irvine, S. A., & Ramji, D. P. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-002-0384-9 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Gutniak, M., Ørkov, C., Holst, J. J., Ahrén, B., & Efendić, S. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199205143262003 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Inzucchi, S. E., Maggs, D. G., Spollett, G. R., Page, S. L., Rife, F. S., Walton, V., & Shulman, G. I. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199803263381303 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Drug treatments for obesity: orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant
Padwal, R. S., & Majumdar, S. R. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60033-6 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Åhrén, B., Landin‐Olsson, M., Jansson, P., Svensson, M. K. E., Holmes, D., & Schweizer, A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031907 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Hollander, P. A., Elbein, S. C., Hirsch, I. B., Kelley, D., McGill, J., Taylor, T., Weiss, S. R., Crockett, S. E., Kaplan, R. A., Comstock, J., et al. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.8.1288 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Aronoff, S., Rosenblatt, S., Braithwaite, S. S., Egan, J. W., Mathisen, A. L., & Schneider, R. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.11.1605 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Bailey, C. J. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.6.755 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Orlistat, a New Lipase Inhibitor for the Management of Obesity
Heck, A. M., Yanovski, J. A., & Calis, K. A. (2000) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.20.4.270.34882 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Lewis, G., Uffelman, K., Szeto, L., Weller, B., & Steiner, G. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117633 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Willms, B., Werner, J., Holst, J. J., Orskov, C., Creutzfeldt, W., & Nauck, M. A. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.1.8550773 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants
Cooper, A. D. (1997) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34932-4 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Postprandial lipoproteins and progression of coronary atherosclerosis
Karpe, F., Steiner, G. A., Uffelman, K. D., Olivecrona, T., & Hamsten, A. (1994) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)90085-x · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Puls, W., Keup, U., Krause, H., Thomas, G., & Hoffmeister, F. (1977) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/bf00483562 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Miyazaki, Y., Mahankali, A., Matsuda, M., Glass, L., Mahankali, S., Ferrannini, E., Cusi, K., Mandarino, L. J., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.710 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Meier, J. J., Gallwitz, B., Salmen, S., Goetze, O., Holst, J. J., Schmidt, W. E., & Nauck, M. A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030049 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Mari, A., Sallas, W. M., He, Y. L., Watson, C., Ligueros-Saylan, M., Dunning, B. E., Deacon, C. F., Holst, J. J., & Foley, J. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2460 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.
Karpe, F. (1999) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00548.x · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Toft-Nielsen, M.-B., Madsbad, S., & Holst, J. J. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.7.1137 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Matikainen, N., Mänttäri, S., Schweizer, A., Ulvestad, A., Mills, D., Dunning, B. E., Foley, J. E., & Taskinen, M.-R. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0340-2 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Lewis, G. F., Uffelman, K. D., Szeto, L., & Steiner, G. A. (1993) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.42.6.833 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1, a new hormone of the entero-insular axis
Ørskov, C. (1992) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00429088 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
PPARγ and the Treatment of Insulin Resistance
Olefsky, J. M., & Saltiel, A. R. (2000) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(00)00306-4 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Diamant, M., & Heine, R. J. (2003) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200363130-00004 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Meier, J. J., Gethmann, A., Götze, O., Gallwitz, B., Holst, J. J., Schmidt, W. E., & Nauck, M. A. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0126-y · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Comparison of Vildagliptin and Rosiglitazone Monotherapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Rosenstock, J., Baron, M. A., Dejager, S., Mills, D., & Schweizer, A. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1815 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Gomis, R., Squatrito, S., Jones, N. P., & Patwardhan, R. (2000) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00224.x · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Effect of Metformin on Carbohydrate and Lipoprotein Metabolism in NIDDM Patients
Wu, M. ‐., Johnston, P., Sheu, W. H., Hollenbeck, C. B., Jeng, C., Goldfine, I. D., Chen, Y. D., & Reaven, G. M. (1990) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.13.1.1 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Insulinotropic meglitinide analogues
Dornhorst, A. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06715-0 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
McNeely, W., & Goa, K. L. (1998) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199856060-00019 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Raskin, P., Rappaport, E. B., Cole, S. T., Yan, Y., Patwardhan, R., & Freed, M. I. (2000) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050045 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Giugliano, D., De Rosa, N., Di Maro, G., Marfella, R., Acampora, R., Buoninconti, R., & D'Onofrio, F. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.10.1387 · Cited by 206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some studies have shown that metformin reduces fasting plasma total cholesterol, total triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol concentrations and increases HDL cholesterol levels [48-51].”
BackgroundLipoprotein abnormalities and their consequences for patients with type 2 diabetes
Krentz, A. J. (2003) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1462-8902.2003.0310.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Nagashima, K., Lopez, C., Donovan, D., Ngai, C., Fontanez, N., Bensadoun, A., Fruchart-Najib, J., Holleran, S., Cohn, J. S., Ramakrishnan, R., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200523219 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Taskinen, M., Kuusi, T., Helve, E., Nikkilä, E. A., & Yki‐Järvinen, H. (1988) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.8.2.168 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Patel, J., Anderson, R. J., & Rappaport, E. B. (1999) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.1999.00020.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Hanefeld, M., Fischer, S., Schulze, J., Spengler, M., Wargenau, M., Schollberg, K., & Fücker, K. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.8.732 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Metabolic Basis of Hypotriglyceridemic Effects of Insulin in Normal Men
Malmström, R., Packard, C. J., Watson, T. D. G., Rannikko, S., CASLAKE, M. J., Bedford, D. K., Stewart, P., Yki‐Järvinen, H., Shepherd, J., & Taskinen, M. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.7.1454 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Thiazolidinediones and Blood Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes
van Wijk, J. P. H., de Koning, E. J. P., Martens, E. P., & Rabelink, T. J. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000090521.25968.4d · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Postprandial lipemia and cardiovascular disease
Hyson, D. A., Rutledge, J. C., & Berglund, L. (2003) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0033-y · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Taskinen, M., Beltz, W. F., Harper, I., Fields, R. M., Schonfeld, G., Grundy, S. M., & Howard, B. V. (1986) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.35.11.1268 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Cohn, J. S., Marcoux, C., & Davignon, J. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.10.2474 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Remnant Particles and Risk of Atherosclerosis
Hodis, H. N. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.22.2852 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Gutniak, M., Linde, B., Holst, J. J., & Efendić, S. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.9.1039 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Importance of Early Insulin Secretion
Hollander, P. A., Schwartz, S. L., Gatlin, M. R., Haas, S. J., Zheng, H., Foley, J. E., & Dunning, B. E. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.983 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Buse, J. B., Tan, M. H., PRINCE, M. J., & Erickson, P. (2004) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.00325.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., & Landgraf, R. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.3.463 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
de Man, F. H. A. F., Cabezas, M. C., van Barlingen, H. H. J. J., Erkelens, D. W., & de Bruin, T. W. (1996) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.114256.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Effect of Metformin on Postprandial Lipemia in Patients With Fairly to Poorly Controlled NIDDM
Jeppesen, J., Zhou, M., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.10.1093 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The effects of rosiglitazone on fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in type 2 diabetes
Tan, G. D., Fielding, B. A., Currie, J. M., Humphreys, S. M., D�sage, M., Frayn, K. N., Laville, M., Vidal, H., & Karpe, F. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1619-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Nolan, J. J., Jones, N. P., Patwardhan, R., & Deacon, L. F. (2000) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00269.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Tan, K. C. B., Cooper, M. B., Ling, K. L. E., Griffin, B. A., Freeman, D. J., Packard, C. J., Shepherd, J., Hales, C. N., & Betteridge, D. J. (1995) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)05454-q · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Effect of Sibutramine on Weight Management and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Vettor, R., Serra, R., Fabris, R., Pagano, C., & Federspil, G. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.942 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Rivellese, A. A., Natale, C. D., Marino, L. D., Patti, L., Iovine, C., Coppola, S., Prato, S. D., Riccardi, G., & Annuzzi, G. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031764 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Reaven, G. M., Johnston, P., Hollenbeck, C. B., Skowroński, R., Zhang, J. C., Goldfine, I. D., & Chen, Y. I. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.74.5.1569149 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lipoprotein lipase and its role in regulation of plasma lipoproteins and cardiac risk
Otarod, J. K., & Goldberg, I. J. (2004) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-004-0043-4 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Harbis, A., Defoort, C., Narbonne, H., Juhel, C., Senft, M., Latge, C., Delenne, B., Portugal, H., Atlan-Gepner, C., Vialettes, B., et al. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.2.462 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A review of the metabolic effects of sibutramine
Filippatos, T. D., Kiortsis, D. N., Liberopoulos, E. N., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Elisaf, M. (2005) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079905x38132 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Reaven, G. M., Lardinois, C. K., Greenfield, M. S., Schwartz, H. C., & Vreman, H. J. (1990) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.13.3.32 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Rosiglitazone Improves Postprandial Triglyceride and Free Fatty Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes
van Wijk, J. P. H., de Koning, E. J. P., Cabezas, M. C., & Rabelink, T. J. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.844 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Hogan, S. L., Fleury, A., Hadváry, P., Lengsfeld, H., Meier, M. K., Triscari, J. M., & Sullivan, A. C. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cummings, M. H., Watts, G. F., Umpleby, A. M., Hennessy, T. R., Kelly, J. M., Jackson, N. C., & Sönksen, P. H. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.9.1059 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Postprandial lipemia: An under-recognized atherogenic factor in patients with diabetes mellitus
Pastromas, S. C., Terzi, A. B., Tousoulis, D., & Koulouris, S. N. (2007) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.172 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lean, M. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801931 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lipid Metabolism in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Greenfield, M. S. (1982) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.142.8.1498 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Juntti‐Berggren, L., Pigon, J., Karpe, F., Hamsten, A., Gutniak, M., Vignati, L., & Efendić, S. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.11.1200 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or triglycerides—which is the culprit?
Taskinen, M. (2003) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(03)00126-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Reitsma, J. B., Cabezas, M. C., de Bruin, T. W., & Erkelens, D. W. (1994) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(94)90095-7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effect of acarbose on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kado, S., Murakami, T., Aoki, A., Nagase, T., Katsura, Y., Noritake, M., Matsuoka, T., & Nagata, N. (1998) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(98)00062-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Evans, M., Anderson, R., Smith, J. C., Khan, N., Graham, J. M., Thomas, A. W., Morris, K., Deely, D., Frenneaux, M. P., Davies, J. S., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01120.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Hillebrand, I., Boehme, K., Frank, G., Fink, H., & Berchtold, P. (1979) · Research in Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01851237 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Majali, K. A., Cooper, M. B., Staels, B., Luc, G., Taskinen, M., & Betteridge, D. J. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0092-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Chappuis, B., Braun, M., Stettler, C., Allemann, S., Diem, P., Lumb, P. J., Wierzbicki, A. S., James, R. W., & Christ, E. (2007) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.715 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Acarbose lowers serum triglyceride and postprandial chylomicron levels in type 2 diabetes
Ogawa, S., Takeuchi, K., & Ito, S. (2004) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.00362.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Boquist, S., Hamsten, A., Karpe, F., & Ruotolo, G. (2000) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050028 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Vakkilainen, J., Mero, N., Schweizer, A., Foley, J. E., & Taskinen, M. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.324 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Postprandial lipemia—effect of lipid-lowering drugs
Karpe, F. (2002) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1567-5688(01)00004-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with metformin
Sirtori, C. R., Tremoli, E., Sirtori, M., Conti, F., & Paoletti, R. (1977) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(77)90125-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Efficacy of α‐glucosidase inhibitors on lipids in NIDDM subjects with moderate hyperlipidaemia
Leonhardt, W., Markolf Hanefeld, E., Fischer, S., & Schulze, J. (1994) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02256.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effects of CB1 antagonist on the control of metabolic functions in obese type 2 diabetic patients
Lafontan, M., Piazza, P. V., & Girard, J. R. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2007.02.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tan, K. C. B., Tso, A. W. K., Tam, S., Pang, R. W. C., & Lam, K. S. L. (2002) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00823.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pyridine nucleotides in glucose metabolism and diabetes: a review
Wahlberg, G., Adamson, U., & Svensson, J. (2000) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(200001/02)16:1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
James, A. P., Watts, G. F., & Mamo, J. C. L. (2004) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00407.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Baron, A., Eckel, R. H., Schmeiser, L., & Kolterman, O. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90035-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipoproteinemia
Steinmetz, A. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2003-41748 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Will acarbose improve the metabolic abnormalities of insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Scott, R. S., Lintott, C. J., Zimmet, P., Campbell, L. V., Bowen, K. M., & Welborn, T. A. (1999) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00009-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Romano, G., Patti, L., Innelli, F., Marino, L. D., Annuzzi, G., Iavicoli, M., Coronel, G. A., Riccardi, G., & Rivellese, A. A. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diacare.46.10.1601 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mori, Y., Itoh, Y., Obata, T., & Tajima, N. (2006) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:29:1:143 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Schmoelzer, I., Campo, A. D., Pressl, H., Stelzl, H., Dittrich, P., Oettl, K., & Wascher, T. C. (2005) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2005-837521 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Therapeutic approaches to dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Cottrell, D. A., Marshall, B. J., & Falko, J. M. (2003) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/00001573-200307000-00010 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Shepard, T., Jensen, D. R., Blotner, S. D., Zhi, J., Guerciolini, R., Pace, D. G., & Eckel, R. H. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801105 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effect of glipizide treatment on postprandial lipaemia in patients with NIDDM
Jeppesen, J., Zhou, M., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00404335 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effect of orlistat on postprandial lipemia, NMR lipoprotein subclass profiles and particle size
Suter, P. M., Marmier, G., Veya-Linder, C., Hänseler, E., Lentz, J. J., Vetter, W., & Otvos, J. D. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.023 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gallagher, A., & Home, P. (2004) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.07.010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hepatic lipase: Friend or foe and under what circumstances?
Jansen, H. (2004) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-004-0044-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mechanism of action of a new class of insulin secretagogues
Malaisse, W. J. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1212170 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Insulin improves fasting and postprandial lipemia in type 2 diabetes
Geltner, C., Lechleitner, M., Föger, B., Ritsch, A., Drexel, H., & Patsch, J. R. (2002) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0953-6205(02)00038-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Acarbose treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Lardinois, C. K., Greenfield, M. S., Schwartz, H. C., Vreman, H. J., & Reaven, G. M. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mieszczanska, H. Z., Kaba, N. K., Francis, C. W., Gerich, J. E., Dodis, R., Schwarz, K. Q., Phipps, R. P., SMITH, B. H., Lee, M. M.-S., Messing, S. P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02442.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The DPP‐4 inhibitor vildagliptin: robust glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and beyond
Panina, G. (2007) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00763.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Baynes, C., Elkeles, R. S., Henderson, A., Richmond, W., & Johnston, D. G. (1993) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1002051 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ceriello, A., Prato, S. D., Bue‐Valleskey, J. M., Beattie, S. D., Gates, J. R., de la Peña, A., & Malone, J. K. (2006) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.11.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effects of fibric acid derivatives and metformin on postprandial lipemia
Weintraub, M. S., Charach, G., & Grosskopf, I. (1998) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00221-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Skrapari, I. C., Perrea, D. N., Ioannidis, I., Karabina, S., Elisaf, M., Tselepis, A. D., Karagiannacos, P., & Katsilambros, N. L. (2001) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00538.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationAi, M., Tanaka, A., Ogita, K., & Shimokado, K. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2336 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Walter‐Sack, I., Wolfram, G., & llner, N. Z. O. (1989) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000177527 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lack of Effect of Pioglitazone on Postprandial Triglyceride Levels in Type 2 Diabetes
Shimono, D., Kuwamura, N., Nakamura, Y., & Koshiyama, H. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.5.971 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Treatment of familial hypertriglyceridaemia with acarbose
Malaguarnera, M., Giugno, I., Ruello, P., Maugeri, D., & Pistone, G. (2000) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2000.00065.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effects of glyburide therapy on lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Hughes, T. A., Kramer, J., & Segrest, J. P. (1985) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(85)80013-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tentolouris, N., Boutati, E. I., Karambakalis, N., Perea, D., Tselepis, A. D., Tsoukala, C. G., Kyriaki, D., Lourida, E. S., Anastasopoulou, I., Karafoullidou, A., et al. (2005) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2004.06.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationSabuncu, T., Uçar, E. Y., Birden, F., & Yasar, O. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Effect of Short-Term Glycemic Regulation with Gliclazide and Metformin on Postprandial Lipemia
Emral, R., Köseoğluları, O., Gedik, V. T., Uysal, A., Kamel, N., & Çorapçıoğlu, D. (2005) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2004-830536 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tentolouris, N., Kolia, M., Tselepis, A. D., Perea, D., Kitsou, E., Kyriaki, D., Tambaki, A. P., Karabina, S., Sala, C., Fragoulopoulos, E., et al. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2003-42729 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat Is the Potential Role of Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Blockade in Glucose and Lipid Management?
Jensen, M. D. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.011 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mohanlal, N., & Holman, R. R. (2002) · Diabetologia · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
Rojas, L. B. A., & Gomes, M. B. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-6 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Hermansen, K., Bækdal, T. A., Düring, M., Pietraszek, A., Mortensen, L. S., Jørgensen, H., & Flint, A. (2013) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12133 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., Leu, H., Chen, T., Chen, C.-L., Kuo, C., Lee, S., & Kao, C.-L. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.09.001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Monami, M., Vitale, V., Ambrosio, M. L., Bartoli, N., Toffanello, G., Ragghianti, B., Monami, F., Marchionni, N., & Mannucci, E. (2012) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-012-0045-5 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Asadbegi, M., Yaghmaei, P., Salehi, I., Ebrahim‐Habibi, A., & Komaki, A. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.005 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Maki, K. C., Bays, H. E., & Dicklin, M. R. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2012.04.003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Orlistat: current status in clinical therapeutics
McClendon, K. S., Riche, D. M., & Uwaifo, G. I. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740330903321485 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
From fatty-acid sensing to chylomicron synthesis: Role of intestinal lipid-binding proteins
Buttet, M., Traynard, V., Tran, T. T. T., Besnard, P., Poirier, H., & Niot, I. (2013) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.011 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Rizzo, M., Rizvi, A. A., Spinas, G. A., Rini, G. B., & Berneis, K. K. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/14728220903241633 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cardiovascular impact of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes
Triggle, C. R., & Ding, H. (2014) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622314546125 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kolovou, G. D., Watts, G. F., Mikhailidis, D. P., Pérez-Martínez, P., Mora, S., Bilianou, H., Panotopoulos, G., Katsiki, N., Ooi, T. C., Lopez-Miranda, J., et al. (2019) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161117666190507110519 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationTherapies for type 2 diabetes: lowering HbA1c and associated cardiovascular risk factors
Kurukulasuriya, L., & Sowers, J. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-45 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Complications of Diabetes Therapy
Corathers, S. D., Peavie, S., & Salehi, M. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.06.005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Highly Selective Oligosaccharide Sensing by a Curdlan−Polythiophene Hybrid
Fukuhara, G., & Inoue, Y. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja110075p · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Chaudhry, R., Viljoen, A., & Wierzbicki, A. S. (2018) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1480368 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cardoso, A. M., Alves, M. G., Mathur, P. P., Oliveira, P. F., Cavaco, J. E. B., & Rato, L. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12469 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Polymer-based supramolecular sensing and application to chiral photochemistry
Fukuhara, G. (2015) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1038/pj.2015.52 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effects of insulin and other antihyperglycaemic agents on lipid profiles of patients with diabetes
Chaudhuri, A., & Dandona, P. (2011) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01423.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Implications of Antihyperglycemic Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes
Ovalle, F. (2011) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.04.006 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Oligosaccharide sensing with chromophore-modified curdlan in aqueous media
Fukuhara, G., & Inoue, Y. (2010) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c0cc02568b · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wierzbicki, A. S. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119374800.ch44 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance and Triglycerides
Glueck, C. J., Khan, N., Umar, M., Uppal, M., Ahmed, W., Morrison, J. A., Goldenberg, N., & Wang, P. (2009) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.2310/jim.0b013e3181bca9d2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Allosteric signal-amplification sensing with polymer-based supramolecular hosts
Fukuhara, G. (2019) · Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10847-019-00881-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A synthetic free fatty acid-regulated transgene switch in mammalian cells and mice
Liu, Y., Hamri, G. C., Ye, H., & Fussenegger, M. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky805 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kolovou, G. D., Watts, G. F., Mikhailidis, D. P., Pérez‐Martínez, P., Mora, S., Bilianou, H. I., Panotopoulos, G., Katsiki, N., Ooi, T. C., López‐Miranda, J., et al. (2019) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161117666190503123911 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, K.-J., Noh, J., Kim, Y., Gang, G., Hwang, J.-H., Yang, S. J., Yeom, Y. I., & Lee, C. (2010) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.08.002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Postprandial hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in patients with type 2 diabetes
Tomlinson, B., Chan, P., & Lam, C. W. K. (2020) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2020.1750949 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Fukuhara, G., Sasaki, M., Numata, M., Mori, T., & Inoue, Y. (2017) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201701360 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Expansion and contraction: the mighty, mighty fatty acid
Plutzky, J. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0609-618 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sasaki, M., Ryoson, Y., Numata, M., & Fukuhara, G. (2019) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.9b00040 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Review of approved pioglitazone combinations for type 2 diabetes
Forst, T. M., Markolf Hanefeld, E., & Pfützner, A. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.567266 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Smart polymer chemosensors: signal-amplification systems with allosterism
Fukuhara, G. (2021) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41428-021-00547-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Schiappacassa, A., Maranhao, P. A., de Souza, M. D. G. C., Panazzolo, D. G., Neto, J. F. N., Bouskela, E., & Kraemer‐Aguiar, L. G. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9103228 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yousefi, M., Fateh, S. T., Nikbaf‐Shandiz, M., Gholami, F., Rastgoo, S., Bagher, R., Khadem, A., Shiraseb, F., & Asbaghi, O. (2023) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-023-00706-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Psallas, M., & Manes, C. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat
Lambert, J. E., & Parks, E. J. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity Supplements · doi:10.1038/ijosup.2012.22 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Oligosaccharide Sensing Using Fluorophore-Probed Curdlans in Aqueous Media
Kurohara, H., Hori, Y., Numata, M., & Fukuhara, G. (2023) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.2c02251 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Metformin Use Among Individuals at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Kuller, L. H. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0263-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Meng, J., Li, J., Cong, H., Liu, C., Yang, Y., Wu, Y., & Liu, X. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf209 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hao, K., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhong, R., Wang, X., Chang, X. M., Jiang, J., & Zhu, W. (2025) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202400689 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Norikuni, M., Hori, Y., Numata, M., Matsusaki, M., Kida, T., & Fukuhara, G. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c01786 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF METFORMIN 0N CYTOKINES IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Yasser, M. K., R, A. M., & Saba, H. (2013) · Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd - Innovare Journal of Medical Sciences · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fluorophore-glucan conjugate for oligosaccharide sensing in aqueous media
Kurohara, H., Hori, Y., Numata, M., & Fukuhara, G. (2024) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41428-024-00889-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diabetes management by primary health care nurses in Auckland: A cross-sectional study
Daly, B. M. (2012) · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reeve, K. (2015) · Cross Connect (Southern Cross University)
Mazurina, N. V., & Masurina, N. V. (2009) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/2071-8713-5311
Clinical lipid management of patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia
Maki, K. C., Dicklin, M. R., & Bays, H. E. (2012) · Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.2217/clp.12.37
GENDER DIFFERENCES OF LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Chowta, M. N., Adhikari, P., Sivaraj, R., Chowta, N. K., Shenoy, A. K., Ramapuram, J., & Rao, S. B. (2012)
PREVENTIVE ACTION OF ORLISTAT ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS IN YOUNG OBESITY PATIENTS
Корнеева, Е. В. (2015) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2015-4-38-43
Singh, P., Khan, F. A., Hemnani, T., Matreja, P. S., & Singh, V. (2016) · Annals of International medical and Dental Research · doi:10.21276/aimdr.2016.2.4.59
Rodríguez-Valle, A., Ferrando, M. Á. N., Carceller, D. B., González-Cantalejo, M., Marcén, J. F. E., & Sanz‐París, A. (2016) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.525
Usage of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Huang, W. (2016) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23240615
Molecular and cellular targets in the management of metabolic diseases and disorders: An overview
Cariño‐Cortés, R., Isabel, S.-C. M., Antonio, E.-D. J., Luis, J.-S., Fernández‐Martínez, E., & Fernanda, V.-C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27370-4.00004-4
Pharmacological targets in metabolic syndrome related dyslipidemia
Cariño‐Cortés, R., Manuel, M.-P. V., Ortiz, M. I., Luis, J.-S., Fernández‐Martínez, E., & Fernanda, V.-C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27370-4.00005-6
Cholesterol transport by various lipoproteins
Bhale, A. S., & Venkataraman, K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19116-9.00018-x
- Authors
- Eleftheriadou, I., Grigoropoulou, P., Katsilambros, N., & Tentolouris, N.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Katsilambros, Nicholas
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reviews
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2008-11-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 340-356
- ISSN
- 1573-3998 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116697145
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- postprandial lipemia, postprandial lipid metabolism, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin, insulin analogues, acarbose, metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, vildagliptin, sitagliptin, orlistat, triglyceridemia, free fatty acids, HDL cholesterol, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease risk
- MeSH terms
- Chylomicrons, Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Digestion, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypoglycemic Agents, Lipase, Lipids, Obesity, Anti-Obesity Agents, Postprandial Period, Acarbose
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review