Digital Behaviour Change Interventions to Break and Form Habits
Open accessAbstract
Digital behaviour change interventions, particularly those using pervasive computing technology, hold great promise in supporting users to change their behaviour. However, most interventions fail to take habitual behaviour into account, limiting their potential impact. This failure is partly driven by a plethora of overlapping behaviour change theories and related strategies that do not consider the role of habits. We critically review the main theories and models used in the research to analyse their application to designing effective habitual behaviour change interventions. We highlight the potential for Dual Process Theory, modern habit theory, and Goal Setting Theory, which together model how users form and break habits, to drive effective digital interventions. We synthesise these theories into an explanatory framework, the Habit Alteration Model, and use it to outline the state of the art. We identify the opportunities and challenges of habit-focused interventions.
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Motivation to change behavior in a given direction is crucial for interventions such as self-nudges to be effective.
“Motivation to change behavior in a given direction is crucial for interventions such as self-nudges to be effective (Pinder et al., 2018).”
From Is life brighter when your phone is not? The efficacy of a grayscale smartphone intervention addressing digital well-being (2024) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2018
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Less About Privacy: Revisiting a Survey about the German COVID-19 Contact Tracing App
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- Authors
- Pinder, C., Vermeulen, J., Cowan, B. R., & Beale, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Venue
- ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
- Published
- 2018-06-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1-66
- ISSN
- 1073-0516 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7325
- OpenAlex
- W2808257344
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 398
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 20.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- digital behaviour change interventions, habit formation, habit breaking, habitual behavior, dual-process theory, goal setting theory, ubiquitous computing, behaviour change theory, intervention design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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