Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science: Opportunities, Practical Considerations, and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
Smartphones now offer the promise of collecting behavioral data unobtrusively, in situ, as it unfolds in the course of daily life. Data can be collected from the onboard sensors and other phone logs embedded in today’s off-the-shelf smartphone devices. These data permit fine-grained, continuous collection of people’s social interactions (e.g., speaking rates in conversation, size of social groups, calls, and text messages), daily activities (e.g., physical activity and sleep), and mobility patterns (e.g., frequency and duration of time spent at various locations). In this article, we have drawn on the lessons from the first wave of smartphone-sensing research to highlight areas of opportunity for psychological research, present practical considerations for designing smartphone studies, and discuss the ongoing methodological and ethical challenges associated with research in this domain. It is our hope that these practical guidelines will facilitate the use of smartphones as a behavioral observation tool in psychological science.
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Smartphones have allowed researchers to directly notify participants to fill out self-reports of their momentary experiences.
“Smartphones have allowed researchers to directly notify participants to fill out self-reports of their momentary experiences (Harari et al., 2016; Wrzus & Mehl, 2015)”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Harari et al., 2016
An accurate understanding and assessment of emotion regulation should not be based only on self-report questionnaires but also on associated behavioral and physiological mechanisms provided by sensors and biosensors.
“Ideally, an accurate understanding and assessment of ER should not be based only on self-report questionnaires but also on the associated behavioral and physiological mechanisms that could be provided by sensors (Harari et al., 2016) and biosensors (Figure 1; Marzano et al., 2015).”
From New Technologies for the Understanding, Assessment, and Intervention of Emotion Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Harari et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Harari, G. M., Lane, N. D., Wang, R., Crosier, B. S., Campbell, A. T., & Gosling, S. D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Nokia (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Harari, Gabriella M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 838-854
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC5572675
- OpenAlex
- W2559181347
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 74.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA029926)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- smartphones, smartphone sensing, behavioral data collection, unobtrusive measurement, in situ data collection, onboard sensors, social interaction, physical activity, sleep, movement patterns, research design, research ethics
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Behavior, Humans, Psychology, Research Design, Computer Security
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