Cited by 2,149Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryNanotechnology research and applicationsNanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

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Clearance Properties of Nano-Sized Particles and Molecules as Imaging Agents: Considerations and Caveats

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Longmire, Michelle, Choyke, Peter L, Kobayashi, Hisataka·2008·Nanomedicine

DOI 10.2217/17435889.3.5.703PMC PMC3407669

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Abstract

Nanoparticles possess enormous potential as diagnostic imaging agents and hold promise for the development of multimodality agents with both imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Yet, some of the most promising nanoparticles demonstrate prolonged tissue retention and contain heavy metals. This presents serious concerns for toxicity. The creation of nanoparticles with optimal clearance characteristics will minimize toxicity risks by reducing the duration of exposure to these agents. Given that many nanoparticles possess easily modifiable surface and interior chemistry, if nanoparticle characteristics associated with optimal clearance from the body were well established, it would be feasible to design and create agents with more favorable clearance properties. This article presents a thorough discussion of the physiologic aspects of nanoparticle clearance, focusing on renal mechanisms, and provides an overview of current research investigating clearance of specific types of nanoparticles and nano-sized macromolecules, including dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes and carbon, gold and silica-based nanoparticles.

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Authors: Longmire, M., Choyke, P. L., & Kobayashi, H.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Kobayashi, Hisataka
ORCID: Longmire, Michelle
Choyke, Peter L
Kobayashi, Hisataka
Venue: Nanomedicine
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2008-09-25
Volume: 3
Issue: 5
Pages: 703-717
ISSN: 1743-5889 (ISSN-L)
1748-6963
DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.5.703
PMC: PMC3407669
OpenAlex: W2150146274
Cited by: 2,149
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 84 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 181 · 2019: 178 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 156 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 63
FWCI: 1.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Nanomedicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (Z99 CA999999)
National Cancer Institute (ZIABC010657)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › General Materials Science › Nanotechnology research and applications
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Keywords: nanoparticle clearance, diagnostic imaging agents, renal clearance, nanoparticle toxicity, heavy metals, dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, tissue retention
MeSH terms: Biocompatible Materials, Diagnostic Imaging, Gold, Humans, Kidney, Liposomes, Liver, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Particle Size, Polymers, Silicon Dioxide, Nanotubes, Carbon, Quantum Dots, Dendrimers, Metal Nanoparticles

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Clearance Properties of Nano-Sized Particles and Molecules as Imaging Agents: Considerations and Caveats

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