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The Perception of the Visual World
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“Sensory input cannot be meaningfully interpreted without correcting for self-motion [29–32]”
From Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
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Direct perception of global invariants is not a fruitful notion
Peper, C. E., & Beek, P. J. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01453945 · Cited by 1
Signal Detection Theory Applied to Size Constancy in Virtual Environments
Raddatz, K. R., Uhlarik, J. J., & Foura, J. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120404801605 · Cited by 1
Whither cross-cultural perception?
Smothergill, D. (1989) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00024493
Nameda, N. (1988) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00317774 · Cited by 1
“The shading cue, as one of solid perception cues ( Gibson 1979 ), was investigated in regard to a white corrugated wave shape, using computer graphic device: Tospix-2.”
MethodPerceptual learning: differentiation and enrichment of past experience.
Phaup, M. R., & Caldwell, W. E. (1959) · The Journal of general psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1959.9710212 · Cited by 2
The role of gradients of binocular disparity in Gibson’s theory of space perception
Newman, C. V. (1972) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212881 · Cited by 1
Method of Serial Extrapolation
Beloff, J. (1957) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470215708416236 · Cited by 1
Neuronal death of the cancellation theory?
Prablanc, C. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00034531 · Cited by 1
Raff, U. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1836-4_7 · Cited by 1
Value encoding of patterns and variable encoding of transformations?
Baird, J. C. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00021579 · Cited by 1
Action Theory as a Description of the Speech Process
Harris, K. S. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6969-8_2 · Cited by 1
Зинченко, В. П. (1974) · Soviet Psychology · doi:10.2753/rpo1061-0405130254 · Cited by 1
Conceptualized direct perception: a hybrid theory of vision
Megill, J. L. (2003) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.2183 · Cited by 1
A Cybernetic Analysis of the Tunnel-in-the-Sky Display
Mulder, J. A., Mulder, M., & STASSEN, H. G. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781410608888.ch13 · Cited by 1
A TOPOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PERCEPTIONPreprint
Tozzi, A., Peters, J. F., & Ramanna, S. (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/086827 · Cited by 1
Directional analysis of cardiac left ventricular motion from PET images.
Sims, J. A. (2017) · doi:10.11606/t.3.2017.tde-05092017-093020 · Cited by 1
A New Dynamic Programming Method for UAV Image Stitching Using Optical FlowPreprint
Zhang, W., Guo, B., Li, M., Liao, X., Yao, Y., Xiao, X., Wu, T., & Li, W. (2018) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0129.v1 · Cited by 1
Scale-space-based visual-motion-cue for autonomous navigation
Kundur, S. R., Raviv, D., & Kent, E. W. (1996) · doi:10.6028/nist.ir.5790 · Cited by 1
Expectancy Violation in Visual Perception: Characterising the Brain Signals of Prediction Error
Robinson, J. (2018) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.123710 · Cited by 1
Leonard, F. R. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.211250 · Cited by 1
Estudo computacional da integração de sinais de cones e bastonetes em células bipolares retinianas
Leopoldo, K. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.47.2021.tde-23062021-185040 · Cited by 1
Koike, M., Noguchi‐Shinohara, M., Morise, H., Kudo, K., Tsuchimine, S., Misaka, Y., Komatsu, J., Abe, C., Horimoto, M., Kitagawa, S., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1380609/v1 · Cited by 1
Zinchenko, V. P. (1975) · Soviet Review · doi:10.2753/rss1061-1428160247 · Cited by 1
Basic Design: The Pedagogy of V ictor P asmore and R ichard H amilton
Yeomans, R. (2019) · The International Encyclopedia of Art and Design Education · doi:10.1002/9781118978061.ead035 · Cited by 1
Parraman, C. E., & Segovia, M. V. O. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781118967317.ch2 · Cited by 1
Fundamental principles for a theory of consciousness*
Praetorius, N. (2023) · Psyke & Logos · doi:10.7146/pl.v3i1.134957 · Cited by 1
Corbett, J. E., & Munneke, J. (2024) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/fd6bk · Cited by 1
Optic Flow and Vestibular Self-Movement Cues: Multi-Sensory Interactions in Cortical Area MST
Duffy, C. J., & Page, W. K. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2092-6_2 · Cited by 1
Information Integration and Model Selection in Computer Vision
Eklundh, J. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02957-2_1 · Cited by 1
Detection, Computation, and Segmentation of Visual Motion
Mitiche, A. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9785-5_8
Introduction: The ecological optics of information surfaces
Landwehr, K. (1990) · Recent research in psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-84106-4_1
Causal Relations in Visual Perception
Heffner, J. E. (1987) · Boston studies in the philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3735-2_11
Light detection: who needs eyes?
Narasimhan, K. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/3649
Weber, J. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6112-8_7
Testing a Theory of Perceptual Mapping Using Robots
Hossain, M. Z., Yeap, W. K., & Diegel, O. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25324-9_35
“It tells us what and where things are, where we can move to next, what events are unfolding, where there might be dangers, and others [18].”
BackgroundRenner, R. S., Velichkovsky, B. M., Stelzer, R. H., & Helmert, J. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-03885-4_13
Goréa, A. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_316-4
Representing 3D Shape and Location
Glennerster, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-5195-1_14
Curvature Estimation with a DCA neural network
Littmann, E., & Ritter, H. J. (1995) · Informatik aktuell · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79980-8_72
Accessibilité visuelle en milieu urbain. Caractérisation dynamique et instrumentation
Sarradin, F. (2006) · Presses universitaires François-Rabelais eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pufr.541
Zoeke, B., Althoff, K.-P., Judt, P., & Krebs, U. (1980) · Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb00709.x
Boundary contour based surface representation.
Su, Y. R. (2014) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/1737
Mitiche, A. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9785-5_5
Personality Factors in Perceptual Distortion
Hartman, A. A. (1959) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1959.9710252
On sensation, perception and thought: A reply to Rönnberg
Larsen, A. (1992) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1992.tb00917.x
Effects of a Visually Directed Sensory-Motor Training Program on Depth Perception of Children
Newmeister, G. H. (1977) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/10671315.1977.10762160
Design of Moving Target Detection and Tracking System Based on the Improved Optical Flow Method
Gui, J., Ma, T., & Liu, L. (2013) · Advances in intelligent systems research/Advances in Intelligent Systems Research · doi:10.2991/eeic-13.2013.115
Note on Perception of Mean Size from Normal and Rectangular Distributions of Sizes
Lubow, R. E. (1964) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1964.19.2.419
Interrelationships Among Mediating Processes, Values, and Behavior
GROVES, D. L. (1974) · Journal of Environmental Systems · doi:10.2190/dce5-3jq4-672a-qckp
Time utilization‐An element to understanding behavior†
GROVES, D. L. (1976) · International Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.1080/00207237608737617
Visual Orientation in Three-Dimensional Space
Pfeiffer, M. G. (1963) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1963.16.3.887
Discriminating direction of motion trajectories from angular speed and background information
Bian, Z., Braunstein, M. L., & Andersen, G. J. (2013) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-013-0488-z
Direct perception theory needs to include computational reasoning, not extraretinal information
Lobo, N. D. V. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00034725
Size-Distance Invariance and a Distorted Texture Density Gradient
Newman, C. V. (1974) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1974.9920763
Perceptual slant induced through optical contact
Martino, F., & Burigana, L. (2009) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/app.71.6.1325
“. . . Other things being equal, two optically adjacent surfaces tend to be adjacent in depth” ( Gibson, 1950, pp. 177, 180).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe landing task and pilot acceptance of displays for landing in reduced weather minimums
Behan, R. A., & Siciliani, F. (1965) · AIAA Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting · doi:10.2514/6.1965-722
Effects of Roadway Visibility on Steering Errors While Driving in Blowing Snow
Lew, R., Dyre, B. P., & Wotring, B. (2006) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120605001630
Orchestrating Spatial Continuity in the Urban Realm
Troiani, I. S., & Campbell, H. (2015) · Architecture and Culture · doi:10.2752/205078215x14236574273501
Pegge, C. D. (1960) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02713467
The problems of consciousness and content in theories of perception
Praetorius, N. (2007) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-006-9040-0
“However, analyses of other general causal and functional psychological theories of perception, namely Gibson’s theory of direct perception (Gibson, 1950, 1960, 1966, 1979) and Marr’s computational theory of vision, (Marr, 1982), seem to show quite similar problems of circularity (Praetorius, 2000).”
BackgroundPeripheral Vision Effects on Spatial Orientation Driven by Focused Depth
Eriksson, L. G., & Johansson, K. (2003) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193120304700135
Estimation of texture gradient using nonstationary spectral analysis
Urisaka, S., & Hamada, N. (1996) · Systems and Computers in Japan · doi:10.1002/scj.4690270408
AIRCRAFT CARRIER FOODSERVICE—AN INTEGRATED SYSTEMS DESIGN PROBLEM
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An historical holistic thread in the dynamical fabric of psychology
Abraham, F. D. (1997) · World Futures · doi:10.1080/02604027.1997.9972628
Grosvenor, T. P. (1967) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1967.tb03642.x
Form Pleasantness: Arousal Processing or Arousal Pick-up?
Smets, G. J. F., & Overbeeke, C. J. (1987) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1987.64.1.203
A Statistical Treatment of Judgments of Curve Properties
Shelly, M. W., & Shelly, C. (1965) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1965.9710702
Some problems in studying perceived shape
Nixon, M. (1961) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049536108255993
Dimensional Color: Theoretical Background
Swirnoff, L. (1989) · Birkhäuser Boston eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2073-0_3
The Effects of Prism Adaptation on Egocentric Metric Distance Estimation
Colombo, A. R., & Jones, K. S. (2013) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720813499021
Envisioning: Mental Rotation-based Semi-reactive Robot Control
Arkin, R. C., Dellaert, F., & Devassy, J. (2012) · doi:10.21236/ada563085
Possible Stimulus Hypothesis and Visual Space Perception
Britten, R. (1973) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1973.36.2.495
On the nature of cognitive maps
Downs, R. M. (1979) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00064013
Perceived Importance of the Visual Cues to the Timing of the Landing Flare
Benbassat, D. (2005) · The Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research · doi:10.15394/jaaer.2005.1512
COLOR CONVERSION AND WATER SHED SEGMENTATION FOR RGB IMAGES
Haritha, M., & REDDY, R. S. (2014) · International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems · doi:10.47893/ijess.2014.1186
Motion Segmentation in Artificial and Biological Systems
Gillner, W. J. (1998) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C · doi:10.1515/znc-1998-7-815
From Archaeological Findings over Scale Models and Pencil Drawings to Digital Images
Laursen, B., & Halskov, K. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0063-8_7
Kristjansson, A. K. (2007) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p3604rvw
A cor na fotografia em preto-e-branco como uma flagrante manifestação cultural
Silveira, L. M. (2005) · Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade · doi:10.3895/rts.v1n1.2458
2A2-G05 Automatic steering system based on optical flow(Car Robotics & ITS)
Okafuji, Y., Fukao, T., & Inou, H. (2014) · The Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) · doi:10.1299/jsmermd.2014._2a2-g05_1
Problems of Meaning in Perception and the Units of the Sensory Image
Stolin, V. V. (1975) · Soviet Psychology · doi:10.2753/rpo1061-0405130333
Visual Perception of Space and Movement
Oyama, T. (1969) · The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers · doi:10.3169/itej1954.23.781
The problem of adaptation to prismatically-altered shape
Rock, I. (1979) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00060933
Saito, H. (1986) · The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers · doi:10.3169/itej1978.40.256
John, V. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-19152944
“‟ These perceptual gradients are organised along the dimension of depth or distance (Gibson 1950)[32] which produce an organisational hierarchy of symbol sizes in which the largest symbols, representing the largest magnitude, lie on a plane nearest to the map percipient while the smaller symbols in…”
BackgroundRe-afference in space and movement perception
Riesen, A. H. (1979) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00060921
Functional Role of Colour in Preattentive Cognitive Processing from Thematic Map Images
John, V. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.9790/0837-19725664
Wahrnehmung und deren Verarbeitung
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De pinturas murais às tecnologias eletrônicas: a busca para a criação do espaço híbrido perfeito
Braga, G. P. (2016) · PORTO ARTE Revista de Artes Visuais · doi:10.22456/2179-8001.62307
2 Quantum and Classical Information and Entropy
Auletta, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0003
20 Intentionality and Conceptualization
Auletta, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0021
13 The Brain as an Information‐Control System
Auletta, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0014
5 Dealing with Target Motion and Our Own Movement
Auletta, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0006
Prelude: The New Philosophy of Vision
Matthen, M. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199268509.003.0001
Auletta, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608485.003.0004
Metadata
- Authors
- Gibson, J. J.
- Corresponding author
- Gibson, James J.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- University of Illinois Press
- Published
- 1951-07
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 440
- ISSN
- 0002-9556 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4302313560
- Cited by
- 1,145
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 9.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- visual perception, visual world
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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