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The Perception of the Visual World
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“Sensory input cannot be meaningfully interpreted without correcting for self-motion [29–32]”
From Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
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A Theory of Visual Control of Braking Based on Information about Time-to-Collision
Lee, D. N. (1976) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p050437 · Cited by 2,094
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Floreano, D., & Wood, R. J. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14542 · Cited by 1,476
Aloimonos, J., Weiss, I., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (1988) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/bf00133571 · Cited by 931
Wehner, R. (1981) · Handbook of sensory physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67868-4_4 · Cited by 712
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Koenderink, J. J., & van Doorn, A. J. (1979) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00337644 · Cited by 697
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Motion Parallax as an Independent Cue for Depth Perception
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Palmer, S., & Rock, I. (1994) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03200760 · Cited by 658
“The usual result is that rhea projected legions arc defined by texture gradients rather than uniform texture (Gibson, 1950).”
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Direction of self-motion is perceived from optical flow
Warren, W. H., & Hannon, D. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/336162a0 · Cited by 604
What Is Ecological Validity? A Dimensional Analysis
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“…of the world that require and receive the attention of animals " (E. J. Gibson & Spelke, 1983, p. 14), with perception involving the pickup of (often intermodal) information within a continuous spatiotemporal flow (E. J. Gibson, 1984, E. J. Gibson & Spelke, 1983; J. J. Gibson, 1950, 1966, 1979 ).”
BackgroundTuning of MST neurons to spiral motions
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Segregation of object and background motion in the retina
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“The task is not simply to detect motion on the retina; rather, the visual system must discriminate between local motion patterns specific to an object and global motion induced by fixational eye movement”
BackgroundSubspace methods for recovering rigid motion I: Algorithm and implementation
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Bayesian just-so stories in psychology and neuroscience.
Bowers, J. S., & Davis, C. J. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0026450 · Cited by 436
“Indeed, this view was taken to the extreme by Gibson (1950) in his “ecological” theory of perception, and more recently various (non-Bayesian) theories of statistical learning have attempted to exploit information in the world more thoroughly.”
BackgroundKoenderink, J. J., & van Doorn, A. J. (1987) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00365219 · Cited by 434
A Two-Level Model of Driver Steering Behavior
Donges, E. (1978) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087802000607 · Cited by 424
Optical Velocity Patterns, Velocity-Sensitive Neurons, and Space Perception: A Hypothesis
Nakayama, K., & Loomis, J. M. (1974) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p030063 · Cited by 416
Estimation of self-motion by optic flow processing in single visual interneurons
Krapp, H. G., & Hengstenberg, R. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/384463a0 · Cited by 409
UP-Fall Detection Dataset: A Multimodal Approach
Martínez-Villaseñor, L., Ponce-Espinosa, H., Brieva, J., Moya-Albor, E., Núñez-Martínez, J., & Penafort-Asturiano, C. J. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19091988 · Cited by 404
“The latter approach is a methodology that allows calculating the apparent displacements of objects in an image sequence, these displacements, in general, are associated with brightness variations and can give correspondence information between the pixels of consecutive images [41].”
BackgroundBeing Barbie: the size of one’s own body determines the perceived size of the world.
van der Hoort, B., Guterstam, A., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020195 · Cited by 402
“(e.g., occlusion and relative height), and movement cues (motion parallax”
BackgroundA cortical area that responds specifically to optic flow, revealed by fMRI
Morrone, M. C., Tosetti, M., Montanaro, D., Fiorentini, A., Cioni, G., & Burr, D. C. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81860 · Cited by 392
Distance determined by the angular declination below the horizon
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“jpg" NDATA ITEM> ]> A biological system is often more efficient when it takes advantage of the regularities in its environmen”
Background(1975) · Optica Acta International Journal of Optics · doi:10.1080/713819112 · Cited by 385
Visual Perception and the Guidance of Locomotion without Vision to Previously Seen Targets
Rieser, J. J., Ashmead, D. H., Talor, C. R., & Youngquist, G. A. (1990) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p190675 · Cited by 375
On the possibility of “smart” perceptual mechanisms
Runeson, S. (1977) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1977.tb00274.x · Cited by 374
A computational approach to motion perception
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Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception: II. Binocular theory
Grossberg, S. (1987) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03204875 · Cited by 324
The perception of heading during eye movements
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The singularities of the visual mapping
Koenderink, J. J., & van Doorn, A. J. (1976) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00365595 · Cited by 298
Crawling and Walking Infants See the World Differently
Kretch, K. S., Franchak, J. M., & Adolph, K. E. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12206 · Cited by 328
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The Analysis of Visual Motion: From Computational Theory to Neuronal Mechanisms
Hildreth, E. C., & Christof Koch, A. (1987) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.10.030187.002401 · Cited by 293
“Relative motion in the image is also created by movement of the observer relative to the environment, and can be used to infer observer motion from the changing image (Gibson 1950, Lee Aronson 1974, Johansson 1971, Lee 1980).”
MethodA synergetic theory of environmentally-specified and learned patterns of movement coordination
Schöner, G., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00364153 · Cited by 287
“Such a perspective is relevant to questions of longstanding interest to biological cybernetics (see Reichardt and Poggio 1981) and psychology (see Gibson 1950; Lee and Young 1980; Turvey 1977).”
BackgroundUse of Central and Peripheral Optical Flow in Stance and Locomotion in Young Walkers
Stoffregen, T. A., Schmuckler, M. A., & Gibson, E. J. (1987) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p160113 · Cited by 280
“Lee and Aronson (1974) found that optical flow is also used by children in controlling standing posture.”
BackgroundMetabolic energy expenditure and the regulation of movement economy
Sparrow, W. A., & Newell, K. M. (1998) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212943 · Cited by 279
Subjective contours and apparent depth.
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Photometric Invariants Related to Solid Shape
Koenderink, J. J., & van Doorn, A. J. (1980) · Optica Acta International Journal of Optics · doi:10.1080/713820338 · Cited by 262
Computation and analysis of image motion: A synopsis of current problems and methods
Mitiche, A., & Bouthémy, P. (1996) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/bf00131147 · Cited by 250
Priming of popout: III. A short-term implicit memory system beneficial for rapid target selection
Maljkovic, V., & Nakayama, K. (2000) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062800407202 · Cited by 244
Events are Perceivable But Time Is Not
Gibson, J. J. (1975) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-50121-0_22 · Cited by 236
Self-citationThe Medium of Haptic Perception: A Tensegrity Hypothesis
Turvey, M. T., & Fonseca, S. T. (2014) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2013.798252 · Cited by 239
Visual Information and Skill Level in Time-To-Collision Estimation
Cavallo, V., & Laurent, M. (1988) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p170623 · Cited by 231
Reconciling simplicity and likelihood principles in perceptual organization.
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Terrain influences the accurate judgement of distance
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“Does the brain, for the same reasons, ‘select’ the most cost-efficient way to represent the three-dimensional location of objects? As we frequentlyinteract with objects on the common ground surface, it might be beneficial for the visual system to code an object's location using a ground-surface-based reference fram”
BackgroundPsychoanatomical substrates of Balint's syndrome
Rizzo, M. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.72.2.162 · Cited by 233
How the eye measures reality and virtual reality
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The current status of the size-distance hypotheses.
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Learning Is Moving in New Ways: The Ecological Dynamics of Mathematics Education
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What gives rise to the perception of motion?
Gibson, J. J. (1968) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0025893 · Cited by 217
Self-citationA Bayesian model of the disambiguation of gravitoinertial force by visual cues
MacNeilage, P. R., Banks, M. S., Berger, D. R., & Bülthoff, H. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0792-0 · Cited by 218
Minimodularity and the perception of layout.
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Perceiving heading with different retinal regions and types of optic flow
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A statistical explanation of visual space
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Why pictures look right when viewed from the wrong place
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Discovering Texture Regularity as a Higher-Order Correspondence Problem
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Vision-based control of near-obstacle flight
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Auditory psychomotor coordination and visual search performance
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“…these targets could be detected, but not identified, out to at least 80° from the fovea on the lateral plane and 60° on the vertical plane (the functional visual field with these targets was somewhat less than the 90° lateral and 75° vertical limits of the visual field described by Gibson, 1950).”
BackgroundRecovering Occlusion Boundaries from an Image
Hoiem, D., Efros, A. A., & Hebert, M. (2010) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-010-0400-4 · Cited by 177
“In Perception of the Visual World [19], Gibson declares, “The elementary impressions of a visual world are those of surface and edge.”
BackgroundThe status of the minimum principle in the theoretical analysis of visual perception.
Hatfield, G., & EPSTEIN, W. M. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.2.155 · Cited by 171
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Visual Timing of Interceptive Action
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Analysing the Visual Dynamics of Spatial Morphology
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Behavioral dynamics of intercepting a moving target
Fajen, B. R., & Warren, W. H. (2007) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0859-6 · Cited by 162
“Thus, walking to a stationary target might be based on several possible variables, including optic flow, such that one aligns the heading specified by optic flow with the visual target ( Gibson 1950; Warren et al. 2001); egocentric direction, such that one aligns the locomotor axis with the egocentric direction of the…”
BackgroundMaps of the acute zones of fly eyes
Land, M. F., & Eckert, H. (1985) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00613976 · Cited by 159
An image-interpolation technique for the computation of optic flow and egomotion
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Perception of movement and shape in Alzheimer's disease
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Recognising Faces: Effects of Lighting Direction, Inversion, and Brightness Reversal
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Perception of Surface Slant and Edge Labels from Optical Flow: A Computational Approach
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Cognitive Science Speaks to the “Common-Sense” of Chronic Illness Management
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Calcium Intake and Fracture Risk: Results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
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The role of optical velocity in the control of stance
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Analysing Visual Landscape Complexity: Theory and Application
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The relational determination of perceived size.
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Visual Perception and Neurophysiology
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The determination of perceived tridimensional orientation by minimum criteria
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Generalizing Epipolar-Plane Image Analysis on the spatiotemporal surface
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Direct computation of shape cues using scale-adapted spatial derivative operators
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Theory of Manual Vehicular Control
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Area MST and Heading Perception in Macaque Monkeys
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gibson, J. J.
- Corresponding author
- Gibson, James J.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- University of Illinois Press
- Published
- 1951-07
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 440
- ISSN
- 0002-9556 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4302313560
- Cited by
- 1,145
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 9.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- visual perception, visual world
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