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The Perception of the Visual World
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“Sensory input cannot be meaningfully interpreted without correcting for self-motion [29–32]”
From Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
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Depth from Dichoptic Edges Depends on Vergence Tuning
Krol, J. D., & van de GRIND, W. A. (1983) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p120425 · Cited by 12
“4 Discussion Our results confirm the basic finding of eg Linschoten (1956), Kaufman and Pitblado (1969) and Levy and Lawson (1978) that opposite-binocular-contrast (dichoptic) edges may appear to have depth.”
ResultThe influence of surface complexity on judgments of area
Verrillo, R. T., & Graeff, C. K. (1970) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03210168 · Cited by 12
Organization of the Motor Nuclei Innervating Epaxial Muscles in the Neck and Back
Sugiuchi, Y., & Shinoda, Y. (1992) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068207.003.0036 · Cited by 12
Metallinos, N. (1979) · ECTJ · doi:10.1007/bf02765453 · Cited by 12
How Optic Flow and Inertial Cues Improve Motion PerceptionPreprint
Angelaki, D. E. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2014.79.024638 · Cited by 12
A Network Approach to Link Visibility and Urban Activity Location
Natapov, A., Czamanski, D., & Fisher-Gewirtzman, D. (2018) · Networks and Spatial Economics · doi:10.1007/s11067-018-9411-4 · Cited by 11
“Visual properties are embedded in both the urban environment and pedestrian behaviour, and most pedestrian behaviours are guided by the processing of visuospatial information (Wiener et al. 2009; Golledge and Gärling 2002; Gibson 1950).”
BackgroundPagnanelli, G., Zinelli, L., Lepora, N. F., Catalano, M. G., Bicchi, A., & Bianchi, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Robotics · doi:10.1109/tro.2024.3522149 · Cited by 11
Autobiographical memory and the self: A transition theory perspective
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Meaningful perception of place: The most effective dimensions and factors
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Effects of Motion Parallax and Perspective Cues on Perceived Size and Distance
Tozawa, J., & Oyama, T. (2005) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p5251 · Cited by 11
Effects of edge rate of the designed line markings on the following time headway
Ding, N., Zhu, S., Wang, H., & Jiao, N. (2017) · Scientia Iranica · doi:10.24200/sci.2017.4268 · Cited by 11
What does the Honeybee See? And how do we Know? A critique of scientific reason
Horridge, A. (2009) · ANU Press eBooks · doi:10.22459/whs.10.2009 · Cited by 32
Optic Flow and Autonomous Navigation
Campani, M., Giachetti, A., & Torre, V. (1995) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p240253 · Cited by 12
Cutting, J. E. (2000) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p2976 · Cited by 11
“3.2 Evoking motion in three dimensions: Still far from fidelity Three years after the appearance of his wartime research, he published a second book (Gibson 1950), regarded by many researchers as one of the most important books on perception in the 20th century (Boring 1952; Hochberg 1990).”
BackgroundInfluentialBrunswikian Resources for Event-Perception Research
Kirlik, A. (2009) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6075 · Cited by 11
Contextual Factors in Scene Perception
Intraub, H. (1992) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61742-2 · Cited by 11
Interaction in Perceptually-Based Visualization
Hibbard, W. L., Levkowitz, H., Haswell, J., Rheingans, P. L., & Schroeder, F. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79057-7_3 · Cited by 11
“This idea has been present in the theories of visual perception advanced some years ago by, for example, Gibson [5].”
MethodCaianiello, E. R. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3819-9_8 · Cited by 11
LANDING STRIP MARKINGS AND THE 'EXPANSION PATTERN': I. PROGRAM, PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS, AND APPARATUS
Hochberg, J. E., & Smith, O. W. (1955) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1955.5.3.81 · Cited by 11
The Effect of Areal Characteristics of Targets Upon Shape-Slant Invariance
Nelson, T. M., Bartley, S. H., & Bourassa, C. M. (1961) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1961.9916545 · Cited by 11
Multidimensional Psychophysics: A Method for Perceptual Analysis
Andrews, T., & Ray, W. S. (1957) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1957.9916225 · Cited by 11
The computational/representational paradigm as normal science: further support
Zucker, S. W. (1980) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00005720 · Cited by 11
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An Intelligent Human Fall Detection System Using a Vision-Based Strategy
Brieva, J., Ponce-Espinosa, H., Moya-Albor, E., & Martínez-Villaseñor, L. (2019) · International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems · doi:10.1109/isads45777.2019.9155767 · Cited by 10
“Optical Flow The optical flow approach is a methodology that allows calculating the apparent displacements of objects in an image sequence, these displacements, in general, are associated to brightness variations and can give correspondence information between the pixels of consecutive images [20].”
A Bio-Inspired Stereo Vision System for Guidance of Autonomous Aircraft
Moore, R. J. D. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/13184 · Cited by 10
“Many of these strategies rely on using image motion, or optical flow, generated by the insect’s self-motion, to infer the distances to obstacles and to control various manoeuvres (Gibson, 1950; Nakayama & Loomis, 1974; Srinivasan et al., 1993).”
BackgroundA method for attitude measurement of a test vehicle based on the tracking of vectors
Yang, N., Huo, J., & Yang, M. (2015) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/26/8/085019 · Cited by 10
Relational invariance and visual space perception: On perceptual vector analysis of the optic flow
Johansson, G. (1986) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(86)90057-0 · Cited by 10
Methodology in the Large: Modeling All There Is
Gaines, B. R. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0718-9_25 · Cited by 10
Christoffersen, K., Woods, D., & Blike, G. (2007) · Cognition, Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-006-0043-y · Cited by 12
Role of a Texture Gradient in the Perception of Relative Size
Tozawa, J. (2010) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6440 · Cited by 10
Effects of Context on a Visual 3-D Pointing Task
Doumen, M. J. A., Kappers, A. M. L., & Koenderink, J. J. (2007) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p5550 · Cited by 10
A large-scale horizontal-vertical illusion produced with small objects separated in depth.
Li, Z., & Durgin, F. H. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000426 · Cited by 10
Sandini, G., Panerai, F., & Miles, F. A. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56550-2_11 · Cited by 10
Schneider, C. W., & Bartley, S. H. (1962) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1962.9713115 · Cited by 10
Perceptual Vertigo: A Dimensional Study
Benfari, R. C. (1964) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1964.18.2.633 · Cited by 10
A Model for Reading and Writing about Primary Sources: The Case of Introductory Psychology
Price, D. W. W. (1990) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15328023top1701_12 · Cited by 10
The Computational Metaphor and Cognitive Psychology
Cowie, R., & Clements, D. (1989) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1989.10557744 · Cited by 10
Apparent Size and Duration of a Movement After-effect
Bonnet, C., & Pouthas, V. (1972) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747208400281 · Cited by 10
Autonomous Acquisition of the Meaning of Sensory States Through Sensory-Invariance Driven Action
Choe, Y., & Bhamidipati, S. K. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27835-1_14 · Cited by 10
Eye-Head Coordination During Active and Passive Head Rotations in the Dark
Schmid, R., & Zambarbieri, D. (1992) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068207.003.0067 · Cited by 10
Rubin, A. I., & Elder, J. (1980) · doi:10.6028/nbs.sp.474 · Cited by 10
A further study of visual perception
Fearing, F. (1954) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02713338 · Cited by 10
Illusory Perception as a Constancy Phenomenon
Brown, L. B., & Houssiadas, L. (1964) · Nature · doi:10.1038/204302a0 · Cited by 10
Theunissen, E. (1995) · Air Traffic Control Quarterly · doi:10.2514/atcq.3.2.95 · Cited by 10
1966 and All That: James Gibson and Bottom-Down Theory
Costall, A. P. (2017) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2017.1330121 · Cited by 9
Visual detection of 3D mirror-symmetry and 3D rotational-symmetry
Sawada, T., & Farshchi, M. (2022) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2022.2139314 · Cited by 9
Recovery of surface pose from texture orientation statistics under perspective projection
Warren, P. A., & Mamassian, P. (2010) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-010-0389-3 · Cited by 9
“Both size and density cues can be used to recover surface pose, however, they rely upon the rate of change of texture information across the scene, and as such they rely upon gradients in texture information (Gibson 1950).”
BackgroundReaction times and perceptual adjustments are sensitive to the illusory distortion of space
Savazzi, S., Emanuele, B., Scalf, P. E., & Beck, D. M. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3012-0 · Cited by 9
The ground is dominant in infants’ perception of relative distance
Kavšek, M., & Granrud, C. E. (2012) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-012-0394-9 · Cited by 9
Contribution of visual velocity and displacement cues to human balancing of support surface tilt
Assländer, L., Hettich, G., Gollhofer, A., & Mergner, T. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3561-x · Cited by 9
Children's Relief Maps of Model Landscapes
Wiegand, P., & Stiell, B. (1997) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/0141192970230205 · Cited by 9
Are perspectival shapes seen or imagined? An experimental approach
Schwenkler, J., & Weksler, A. (2018) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-018-9571-1 · Cited by 9
Effect of range of heading differences on human visual–inertial heading estimation
Rodriguez, R., & Crane, B. T. (2019) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05506-1 · Cited by 8
“Both the visual, in the form of optic flow (Gibson 1950; Warren and Hannon 1988), and inertial (Guedry 1974; Telford et al.”
Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Image Understanding
Brady, M. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7772-3_15 · Cited by 9
Effects of Collimation on Perceived Layout in 3-D Scenes
Andersen, G. J., Saidpour, A., & Braunstein, M. L. (1998) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p271305 · Cited by 9
A comparison of the Ponzo illusion with a textural analogue
Fineman, M. B., & Carlson, J. (1973) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03198612 · Cited by 9
Local and global principles of striate cortical organization: an advanced model
Bauer, R., & Dow, B. M. (1991) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00202612 · Cited by 9
Computational Studies of Human Motion: Part 1, Tracking and Motion Synthesis
Forsyth, D. A., Arıkan, O., Ikemoto, L., O’Brien, J. F., & Ramanan, D. (2005) · now publishers, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1561/0600000005 · Cited by 145
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PIAGET'S CONCEPT OF SPATIAL EGOCENTRISM: AREEVALUATION
Kielgast, K. (1971) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1971.tb00622.x · Cited by 9
Investigating the influence of visuospatial stimuli on driver’s speed perception: a laboratory study
Köhler, A.-L., Klatt, M., Koch, I., & Ladwig, S. (2023) · Cognitive Research Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-023-00513-x · Cited by 8
Representation of the 3D world in art and in the brain
Sakata, H., Tsutsui, K., & Taira, M. (2003) · International Congress Series · doi:10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01048-3 · Cited by 8
Rediscovering Richard Held: Activity and Passivity in Perceptual Learning
Bermejo, F., Hüg, M. X., & Di Paolo, E. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00844 · Cited by 8
“The concept of information flow, understood as the pattern of change sensed by the perceiver (Gibson, 1950), for instance, offers the possibility of explaining sensory adaptation processes through passive movements.”
Zhu, H., Gu, Z., Ohno, R., & Kong, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963600 · Cited by 8
“In contrast, our approach is more in line with the way people obtain visual information in the real environment, that is, not just from a limited visual field, but freely viewing the surrounding information of the visual world (Gibson, 1951; Thiel, 1997).”
Mobile Robot with Movement Detection Controlled by a Real-Time Optical Flow Hermite Transform
Moya-Albor, E., Brieva, J., & Ponce-Espinosa, H. (2015) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26230-7_9 · Cited by 8
A neurociência computacional no estudo dos processos cognitivos
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Preattentive processing of visually guided self-motion in humans and monkeys
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Counteradaptation after exposure to displaced visual direction
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Role of Visual Cues from the Environment in Driving an Agricultural Vehicle
Karimi, D., & Mann, D. (2008) · The Ergonomics Open Journal · doi:10.2174/1875934300801010054 · Cited by 8
Percepção dos perigos ambientais urbanos e os efeitos de lugar na relação população-ambiente
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Outline, Mental States, and Drawings by a Blind Woman
Kennedy, J. M. (2009) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6407 · Cited by 8
Information and regulation in robots, perception and consciousness: Ashby's embodied minds
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Analysis of Self-Motion by Parietal Neurons
Lappe, M. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60661-8_32 · Cited by 8
On the Ambient Optic Array: James Gibson’s Insights About the Phenomenon of Chiaroscuro
Todd, J. T. (2020) · i-Perception · doi:10.1177/2041669520952097 · Cited by 8
Illusory Contours in Line Patterns with Apparent Depth Due to Either Perspective or Overlay
Day, R. H., & Kasperczyk, R. T. (1983) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p120485 · Cited by 8
A KÖRNYEZETPSZICHOLÓGIA TÖRTÉNETE
Dúll, A. (2001) · Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle · doi:10.1556/mpszle.56.2001.2.4 · Cited by 8
Optical magnification as event information
Kebeck, G., & Landwehre, K. (1992) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00922094 · Cited by 8
“proach and recession was given by Gibson (1957) a few”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialNewman, C. V., Whinham, E. A., & MacRae, A. W. (1973) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212391 · Cited by 8
Correction: Systematic Biases in Human Heading Estimation
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KARLSSON, G. (1990) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1990.tb00837.x · Cited by 8
STEREOSCOPIC VISION APPLIED TO PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Wright, W. D. (1954) · The Photogrammetric Record · doi:10.1111/j.1477-9730.1954.tb01000.x · Cited by 8
Perceptual Selection and Integration
Welford, A. T. (1970) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140137008931115 · Cited by 8
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Temporal Feature Fusion for 3D Detection in Monocular Video
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Form and Function in Information for Visual Perception
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Task-irrelevant optic flow guides attention in visual search
Higuchi, Y., Inoue, S., Endo, T., & Kumada, T. (2019) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-018-01646-8 · Cited by 7
“It is recognized as a source of information that affords perception of one’s heading direction (Gibson, 1950; Warren, Morris, & Kalish, 1988).”
BackgroundSensory fields: the visual and the bodily
Serrahima, C. (2022) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-022-01838-x · Cited by 7
Remarks on Invariance in the Primary Visual Systems of Mammals
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A construção do espaço, segundo Jean Piaget
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Variation in the Local Motion Statistics of Real-Life Optic Flow Scenes
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“Optic flow, the characteristic pattern of motion signals that occurs on the human retina when moving through an environment (Gibson, 1950), is an important way of gauging our own movement and gaining feedback on our direction and speed.”
BackgroundEvaluation of quality of experience in interactive 3D visualization: methodology and results
Tourancheau, S., Sjöström, M., Olsson, R., Persson, A., & Ericson, T. (2012) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.907962 · Cited by 7
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“For instance, sighted locomotion will change the structure of available optical information, and the geometry of these changes, called “optic flow” (Gibson, 1950) helps to inform the participant how far she has walked or how far she has deviated from her original direction (Berard, Fung, & Lamontagne, 2011; Redlick, J…”
BackgroundRaudies, F., Ringbauer, S., & Heiko Neumann, B. (2013) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_00479 · Cited by 7
“Optic flow is defined as the change in the patterns of structured light on the retina (Gibson, 1950).”
BackgroundThe effects of age and set size on the fast extraction of egocentric distance
Gajewski, D. A., Wallin, C. P., & Philbeck, J. W. (2015) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2015.1132803 · Cited by 7
Safety and Ethical Concerns in Mixed Human-Robot Control of Vehicles
Kadar, E. E., Köszeghy, A., & VIRK, G. S. (2017) · International series on intelligent systems, control and automation: science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46667-5_10 · Cited by 7
Forward optic flow is prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction
Motyka, P., Akbal, M., & Litwin, P. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250905 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Gibson, J. J.
- Corresponding author
- Gibson, James J.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- University of Illinois Press
- Published
- 1951-07
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 440
- ISSN
- 0002-9556 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4302313560
- Cited by
- 1,145
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 9.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- visual perception, visual world
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