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The Social Control of Technology
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“Moral accountability also has an instrumental value.”
From Four Responsibility Gaps with Artificial Intelligence: Why they Matter and How to Address them (2021) · cites this paper as Collingridge, 1980
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Fisher, E., Mahajan, R. L., & Mitcham, C. (2006) · Bulletin of Science Technology & Society · doi:10.1177/0270467606295402 · Cited by 375
Pidgeon, N., Lorenzoni, I., & Poortinga, W. (2007) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.005 · Cited by 378
Blok, V., & Lemmens, P. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17308-5_2 · Cited by 390
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Working Towards Sustainable Development in the Face of Uncertainty and Incomplete Knowledge
Grünwald, A. (2007) · Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning · doi:10.1080/15239080701622774 · Cited by 237
Zwart, H. A. E., Landeweerd, L., & van Rooij, A. (2014) · Life Sciences Society and Policy · doi:10.1186/s40504-014-0011-x · Cited by 232
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Tannert, C., Elvers, H., & Jandrig, B. (2007) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401072 · Cited by 196
Boenink, M., Swierstra, T., & Stemerding, D. (2010) · Studies in Ethics Law and Technology · doi:10.2202/1941-6008.1098 · Cited by 201
“In addition to this lack of attention to moral questions, many forms of TA are hampered by the so-called Collingridge dilemma (Collingridge, 1980).”
BackgroundPfotenhauer, S. M., Laurent, B., Papageorgiou, K., & Stilgoe, J. (2021) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/03063127211048945 · Cited by 234
Kemp, R., Rotmans, J. I., & Loorbach, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning · doi:10.1080/15239080701622816 · Cited by 192
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The role of design in circular economy solutions for critical materials
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Introducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovation
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Brauner, P., Hick, A., Philipsen, R., & Ziefle, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1113903 · Cited by 143
Stahl, B. C., Timmermans, J., & Mittelstadt, B. (2016) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/2871196 · Cited by 152
Handbook on Science and Public Policy
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Guinée, J. B., Heijungs, R., Vijver, M. G., et al. (2017) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2017.135 · Cited by 111
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Geoengineering as Collective Experimentation
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“Collingridge was interested in identifying and seeking to ameliorate ‘the roots of inflexibility’ (Collingridge 1980, p. 45).”
BackgroundInfluential(2019) · oekom verlag eBooks · doi:10.14512/9783962386887 · Cited by 102
The empathic care robot: A prototype of responsible research and innovation
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Varieties of responsibility: two problems of responsible innovation
van de Poel, I., & Sand, M. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-018-01951-7 · Cited by 92
“Thewell-knownCollingridge dilemma (Collingridge 1980) with respect to technological development postulates that in the early phases of innovation innovations are usually still malleable (so the freedom condition is met) but the social consequences are often unknown (the knowledge condition is not met).”
BackgroundClimate geoengineering: issues of path‐dependence and socio‐technical lock‐in
Cairns, R. (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.296 · Cited by 96
Can we have a general theory of financial innovation processes? A conceptual review
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Burr, C., & Leslie, D. (2021) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-022-00178-0 · Cited by 116
Opening Up the Politics of Knowledge and Power in Bioscience
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Constructing Productive Engagement: Pre-engagement Tools for Emerging Technologies
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Garvey, C. K., & Maskal, C. (2019) · OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology · doi:10.1089/omi.2019.0078 · Cited by 96
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Governing solar geoengineering research as it leaves the laboratory
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“5See Collingridge [40] for an account of the ‘control dilemma’, where the characteristics of a technology that might need specific governance are not clear until the technology is sufficiently widespread and locked-in, and governance measures are harder to apply.”
BackgroundScience, Precaution, and the Politics of Technological Risk
Stirling, A. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1399.011 · Cited by 81
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Caprotti, F., Cugurullo, F., Cook, M., Karvonen, A., Marvin, S., Mc̱Guirk, P., & Valdez, M. (2024) · Urban Geography · doi:10.1080/02723638.2024.2329401 · Cited by 74
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Laurie, G. T. (2011) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-011-1066-x · Cited by 73
“Biobanks are a paradigm example of the so-called ‘Collingridge dilemma’ faced by regulators and legislators: attempts to intervene too early in a technology trajectory mean that insufficient information is available on which to act, yet to wait can mean that technologies become entrenched and influence and change beco…”
BackgroundStrategic Intelligence on Emerging Technologies: Scientometric Overlay Mapping
Rotolo, D., Ràfols, I., Hopkins, M. M., & Loet Leydesdorff, A. (2015) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.1502660.v2 · Cited by 70
Solar Geoengineering and Democracy
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Ethics parallel research: an approach for (early) ethical guidance of biomedical innovation
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“The question about the right time of assessment and intervention of a technological development, has been debated since Collingridge introduced his famous dilemma [16].”
BackgroundFundamental Issues Regarding the Nature of Technology
Pleasants, J., Clough, M. P., Olson, J. K., & Miller, G. L. (2019) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-019-00056-y · Cited by 70
de Reuver, M., van Wynsberghe, A., Janssen, M., & van de Poel, I. (2020) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-020-09537-z · Cited by 66
“Second, extending VSD to the entire life cycle is a way to address to so-called Collingridge dilemma (Collingridge 1980).”
MethodSteinhardt, S. B., & Jackson, S. J. (2015) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2675133.2675298 · Cited by 68
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Cohen, T., Stilgoe, J., & Cavoli, C. (2018) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2018.1495030 · Cited by 65
Pallas, G., Vijver, M. G., Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12855 · Cited by 65
Adaptive Governance for Responsible Innovation
Lee, R. G., & Petts, J. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118551424.ch8 · Cited by 65
Asante, K., Owen, R., & Williamson, G. (2014) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2014.882552 · Cited by 64
Mediating artificial intelligence developments through negative and positive incentives
Han, T. A., Pereira, L. M., Lenaerts, T., & Santos, F. C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244592 · Cited by 66
“This is the case for many kinds of technological races especially when data about the effect of a new technology is usually lacking and only becomes available when it has been created and used enough (see the Collingridge Dilemma [48]), as are the cases of the domain supremacy race through AI [18,19] and the race for…”
MethodThe Dark Side of the Moon: The Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and The Quantified Planet
Özdemir, V. (2018) · OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology · doi:10.1089/omi.2018.0143 · Cited by 59
Zwart, H. A. E., & Nelis, A. (2009) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/embor.2009.115 · Cited by 58
“In more advanced phases, however, societal effects might become clearer, but there is also less room for adaptation and change (Collingridge, 1980).”
BackgroundFrom sociology of quantification to ethics of quantification
Saltelli, A., & Fiore, M. D. (2020) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-020-00557-0 · Cited by 60
“Whatever course society takes it will have to contend with the pessimism of the Collingridge dilemma (Collingridge, 1980): it is arduous to control a technology, as it is impossible to know in advance its negative effects, and when the consequences become evident, it might be too late to intervene.”
BackgroundThe objects of technology assessment. Hermeneutic extension of consequentialist reasoning
Grünwald, A. (2019) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2019.1647086 · Cited by 57
Bauer, A., Bogner, A., & Fuchs, D. (2021) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2021.1909812 · Cited by 55
Subramanian, V., Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M., Vijver, M. G., Blanco, C. F., Cucurachi, S., & Guinée, J. B. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137080 · Cited by 60
A Sociotechnical Framework for Governing Climate Engineering
Bellamy, R. (2015) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/0162243915591855 · Cited by 56
Governing with ambivalence: The tentative origins of socio-technical integration
Fisher, E. (2019) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2019.01.010 · Cited by 59
Cebulla, A., Szpak, Z. L., Howell, C., Knight, G., & Hussain, S. (2022) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01460-9 · Cited by 65
Aicardi, C., Reinsborough, M., & Rose, N. (2017) · Journal of Responsible Innovation · doi:10.1080/23299460.2017.1331101 · Cited by 54
López, S. U. (2021) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-021-00408-5 · Cited by 60
Frennert, S. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2019.1642393 · Cited by 52
Collingridge’s dilemma and technoscience
Liebert, W., & Schmidt, J. C. (2010) · Poiesis & Praxis · doi:10.1007/s10202-010-0078-2 · Cited by 51
Wang, P., Robinson, A. J., & Papadokonstantakis, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1412770 · Cited by 67
Text mining of information resources to inform Forecasting Innovation Pathways
Guo, Y., Ma, T., Porter, A. L., et al. (2012) · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2012.715491 · Cited by 50
Ahern, D. (2025) · European Business Organization Law Review · doi:10.1007/s40804-025-00348-7 · Cited by 52
Solar Geoengineering: Social Science, Legal, Ethical, and Economic Frameworks
Flegal, J. A., Hubert, A., Morrow, D. R., & Moreno‐Cruz, J. (2019) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-030032 · Cited by 49
To Regulate or Not: A Social Dynamics Analysis of an Idealised AI Race
Han, T. A., Pereira, L. M., Santos, F. C., & Lenaerts, T. (2020) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.1.12225 · Cited by 57
Wolkenstein, A. (2018) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-018-9456-6 · Cited by 44
“Thus, given pluralism and the Collingridge Dilemma, we face a situation that is characterized by the impossibility of “doing ethics right” before releasing a technology.”
BackgroundInfluentialChallenges in Using Big Data to Develop Decision Support Systems for Social Work in Germany
Schneider, D., & Seelmeyer, U. (2019) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2019.1614513 · Cited by 44
Liebert, W., & Schmidt, J. C. (2010) · Poiesis & Praxis · doi:10.1007/s10202-010-0079-1 · Cited by 42
Mulkay, M., Ashmore, M., & Pinch, T. (1987) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038587021004004 · Cited by 42
Anticipating change : sustainable water policy pathways for an uncertain future
Haasnoot, M. (2013) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036535595 · Cited by 42
Logic of Choice or Logic of Care? Uncertainty, Technological Mediation and Responsible Innovation
Groves, C. (2015) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-015-0238-x · Cited by 41
Bertolini, A., Salvini, P., Pagliai, T., Morachioli, A., Acerbi, G., Trieste, L., Cavallo, F., Turchetti, G., & Dario, P. (2016) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-016-0345-z · Cited by 45
Özdemir, V., Dove, E. S., Gürsoy, U. K., Şardaş, S., YILDIRIM, A., Yılmaz, Ş. G., Barlas, O., Güngör, K., Mete, A., & Srivastava, S. (2015) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-015-1489-y · Cited by 41
Birko, S., Dove, E. S., & Özdemir, V. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129706 · Cited by 39
Innerárity, D. (2013) · European Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1177/1368431012468801 · Cited by 39
Technological Delegation: Responsibility for the Unintended
Waelbers, K. (2008) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-008-9098-x · Cited by 42
Machine Learning, Social Learning and the Governance of Self-Driving Cars
Stilgoe, J. (2017) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2937316 · Cited by 376
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayne, A. J.
- Venue
- Journal of the Operational Research Society
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1982-08
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 771-772
- ISSN
- 0160-5682 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-9360
- OpenAlex
- W4299913095
- Cited by
- 577
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Operational Research Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Innovation, Technology, and Society
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Research, Science, and Academia
- Keywords
- social control, technology, technology regulation, social control of technology
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