The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SERVICE WITH A SMILE: EMOTIONAL CONTAGION IN THE SERVICE ENCOUNTER.
Abstract
reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. I can now be reached at the Belk College of Business
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“customers who were confronted with positive affective expressions of service providers reported experiencing more positive affect themselves”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Pugh 2001
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
SERVQUAL: A multiple-Item Scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality
Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1988) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.14579729 · Cited by 21,118
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513 · Cited by 4,952
Mood and judgment: The affect infusion model (AIM).
Forgas, J. P. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39 · Cited by 3,470
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,003
Knowledge management in service encounters: impact on customers' satisfaction evaluations
Guchait, P., Namasivayam, K., & Lei, P. (2011) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/13673271111137466 · Cited by 62
“, 2002), perceived control (Hui and Bateson, 1991; Van Raiij and Pruyn, 1998; Namasivayam, 2004), emotional contagion (Pugh, 2001), perceived employee effort (Mohr and Bitner, 1995), perceived fairness (Judge et al.”
BackgroundEmployees' overestimation of functional and relational service quality: A gap analysis
Peiró, J., Martínez-Tur, V., & Ramos, J. (2005) · doi:10.1080/02642060500103324 · Cited by 64
“In fact, the display of positive emotions by employees is positively related to customers’ positive affect and to their evaluations of services [Pugh, 2001].”
BackgroundStaging a comeback? The influencing mechanism of tourist crowding perception on adaptive behavior
Yin, J., Cheng, Y., & Ni, Y. (2023) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104827 · Cited by 64
Fake It to Make It? Emotional Labor Reduces the Racial Disparity in Service Performance Judgments
Grandey, A. A., Houston, L. N., & Avery, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206318757019 · Cited by 90
A multimodal theory of affect diffusion.
Peters, K., & Kashima, Y. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000020 · Cited by 85
A Balancing Act: Emotional Challenges in the HR Role
O’Brien, E., & Linehan, C. (2014) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12098 · Cited by 74
Wang, E. (2014) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-11-2012-0217 · Cited by 64
Customer attitudes of stayers and defectors in B2B services: Are they really different?
Williams, P., Khan, M. S., Ashill, N. J., & Naumann, E. (2011) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.12.001 · Cited by 50
Opoku, R., Atuobi-Yiadom, N., Chong, C., & Abratt, R. (2009) · Journal of Financial Services Marketing · doi:10.1057/fsm.2008.26 · Cited by 63
Emotion in Organizations: A Review and Theoretical Integration in StagesPreprint
Elfenbein, H. A. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.942383 · Cited by 16
Briggs, E., Deretti, S., & Kato, H. T. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.08.038 · Cited by 62
Xu, F., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348019893043 · Cited by 62
“Pugh, S. D. (2001). Service with a smile: Emotional contagion in the service encounter.”
BackgroundAuthentic Leaders Promoting Store Performance: The Mediating Roles of Virtuousness and Potency
Rego, A., dos Reis, D. R., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2014) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2125-8 · Cited by 65
Burnout Among Public Service Workers
Hsieh, C. (2012) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x12460554 · Cited by 134
“Although display rules enhance employees’ perceived needs to regulate emotions (Pugh, 2001), these emotional labor requirements may open the window for emotional exhaustion.”
BackgroundAntecedents of Emotional Display Rule Commitment
Diefendorff, J., & Croyle, M. H. (2008) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959280802137911 · Cited by 62
“Emotional displays have been identified as a key component of service delivery (Grandey, Fisk, Matilla, Jansen, & Sideman, 2005; Pugh, 2001).”
BackgroundGhlichlee, B., & Bayat, F. (2020) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-11-2019-0482 · Cited by 93
“Pugh (2001) indicated that the display of positive emotions by those bank employees who are in direct contact with customers improves customer perceptions of service quality.”
BackgroundEmotional Labor: Why and How to Teach It
Mastracci, S. H., Newman, M., & Guy, M. (2010) · Journal of Public Affairs Education · doi:10.1080/15236803.2010.12001590 · Cited by 61
The Role of Thin-Slice Judgments in Consumer Psychology
Peracchio, L., & Luna, D. (2006) · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1601_5 · Cited by 61
Predictors of customer loyalty in the Pakistani banking industry: a moderated-mediation study
Saleem, M. A., Zahra, S., Ahmad, R., & Ismail, H. (2016) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-12-2014-0172 · Cited by 60
The Effect of Salespersons’ Retail Service Quality and Consumers’ Mood on Impulse Buying
Pornpitakpan, C., Yuan, Y., & Han, J. (2017) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2016.12.003 · Cited by 60
Four Positive Effects of a Salesperson’s Regional Dialect in Services Selling
Mai, R., & Hoffmann, S. (2011) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670511414551 · Cited by 55
The proactive employee on the floor of the store and the impact on customer satisfaction
Söderlund, M. (2018) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.02.009 · Cited by 70
Employee Contributions to Brand Equity
Gelb, B., & Rangarajan, D. (2014) · doi:10.1525/cmr.2014.56.2.95 · Cited by 59
Co-constructing the service experience: Exploring the role of customer emotion management
Tumbat, G. (2011) · Marketing Theory · doi:10.1177/1470593111403219 · Cited by 59
“Through ‘engineering affect’ or strategically displaying a desired affective response (Arnould and Price 1993: 26), the emotional labor of service providers shapes customer judgments of service quality (Singh, 2000; Pugh, 2001), triggers changes in customers’ affective states (Hennig-Thurau et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe reincarnation of work motivation: Millennials vs older generations
Mahmoud, A. B., Reisel, W. D., Grigoriou, N., Fuxman, L., & Mohr, I. (2020) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/0268580920912970 · Cited by 100
Cognitive failures in response to emotional contagion: Their effects on workplace accidents
Петитта, Л., Probst, T. M., Ghezzi, V., & Barbaranelli, C. (2019) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.018 · Cited by 63
Empirical Evaluation of Computational Emotional Contagion Models
Tsai, J., Bowring, E., Marsella, S., & Tambe, M. (2011) · International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_42 · Cited by 58
“Extensive work has been done in researching emotional contagion’s role in occupations that require an employee to promote certain emotions in clients via displayed emotions, such as bill collectors promoting anxiety or flight attendants creating good cheer [9, 15].”
BackgroundAre customer reviews just reviews? Hotel forecasting using sentiment analysis
Wu, D. C., Zhong, S., Qiu, R. T. R., & Wu, J. (2021) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.1177/13548166211049865 · Cited by 74
The Value of a Smile: Does Emotional Performance Matter More in Familiar or Unfamiliar Exchanges?
Gabriel, A. S., Acosta, J., & Grandey, A. A. (2013) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9329-2 · Cited by 61
“…expect to replicate published evidence of the direct positive relationships of employee positive emotional displays (e.g., Barger and Grandey 2006; Pugh 2001; Tsai 2001) and service familiarity with service performance (e.g., Bolton 1998; Coulter and Coulter 2002; Mattila 2001; Price and Arnould…”
InfluentialEmotional dimensions within the family business: towards a conceptualization
Labaki, R., Michael-Tsabari, N., & Zachary, R. (2013) · doi:10.4337/9781848443228.00047 · Cited by 57
“In a broader perspective, negative and positive emotional dissonance have been found to increase customer satisfaction (Pugh, 2001) but M3050 - SMYRNIOS 9781848443228 PRINT.indd 745 20/11/2012 14:08 746 Handbook of research on family business to worsen job satisfaction (Lewig and Dollard, 2003;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKnowledge and skills that facilitate the personal support dimension of citizenship.
Dudley, N. M., & Cortina, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012572 · Cited by 57
Houston, L. N., Grandey, A. A., & Sawyer, K. B. (2017) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.10.001 · Cited by 61
Secchi, E., Roth, A. V., & Verma, R. (2018) · Production and Operations Management · doi:10.1111/poms.12969 · Cited by 62
“Moreover, the literature has shown outcomes of employee – customer encounters to be among the most important determinants of customer satisfaction (Price et al. 1995, Pugh 2001, Roth et al. 1997).”
BackgroundService with a smile: Does the type of smile matter?
Andrzejewski, S. A., & Mooney, E. C. (2015) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.010 · Cited by 76
Söderlund, M., & Rosengren, S. (2010) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.01.001 · Cited by 56
Situational and dispositional predictors of displays of positive emotions
Tan, H., der Foo, M., Chong, C., & Ng, R. (2003) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.231 · Cited by 56
“An individual's expression of emotions at work could be strongly influenced by personality traits (Pugh, 2001).”
BackgroundBilgihan, A., Madanoglu, M., & Ricci, P. (2016) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.03.001 · Cited by 56
“Previous research highlights that the displays of positive affect in service interactions have a favorable influence on important customer outcomes, such as intention to return, intention to recommend a store to others, and perception of overall service quality (e.g., Parasuraman et al., 1985; Pugh, 2001).”
Backgroundvon Gilsa, L., Zapf, D., Ohly, S., Trumpold, K., & Machowski, S. (2014) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2013.839548 · Cited by 55
“Employees may be selected, trained, and monitored for their adherence to display rules (Ashkanasy, Haertel, & Daus, 2002; Hochschild, 1983; Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987) and this may contribute to organizational success (Barger & Grandey, 2006; Pugh, 2001; Tsai & Huang, 2002).”
BackgroundGountas, S., Ewing, M., & Gountas, J. (2007) · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.09.022 · Cited by 55
Job demand and employee well-being
Nauman, S., Raja, U., Haq, I. U., & Bilal, W. (2019) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-04-2018-0127 · Cited by 75
Delight and the grateful customer: beyond joy and surprise
Ball, J., & Barnes, D. C. (2017) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-01-2016-0013 · Cited by 81
Griffith, J. A., Connelly, S., Thiel, C. E., & Johnson, G. (2015) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.004 · Cited by 68
Linking perceived organizational support to emotional labor
Mishra, S. (2014) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-09-2012-0160 · Cited by 54
“and the quality of its products (Ashforth and Humphrey, 1993; Morris and Feldman, 1996; Zapf, 2002), customers’ demand (Pugh, 2001; Tan et al., 2003), customers’ revisit (Rafaeli and Sutton, 1987; Tsai, 2001), and customers’ willingness to recommend to others (Rafaeli and Sutton, 1987; Tsai, 2001).”
BackgroundCustomer delight and work engagement
Barnes, D. C., Collier, J. E., & Robinson, S. G. (2014) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-02-2013-0051 · Cited by 64
Displayed emotions to patronage intention: consumer response to contact personnel performance
Wang, E. S.-T. (2009) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642060701846747 · Cited by 54
“Because consumer behaviour often involves direct social interaction between consumers and service personnel (Pugh, 2001), prior research suggests that contact personnel critically influence consumer moods within this context (Grewal & Sharma, 1991).”
BackgroundResultEmpirical evaluation of computational fear contagion models in crowd dispersions
Tsai, J., Bowring, E., Marsella, S., & Tambe, M. (2013) · Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems · doi:10.1007/s10458-013-9220-6 · Cited by 53
“…around emotional In particular, [13] frst codifed the observed phenomena that were just beginning to researcher attention Follow-up work by the co-authors as well as in related felds as [1,12,25] in managerial and occupational sciences continued to detail the effects the phenomenon in new domains .”
BackgroundExploring Determinants and Effects of Shared Responsibility in Service Exchanges
Sierra, J., Heiser, R., & Mcquitty, S. (2009) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.2753/mtp1069-6679170202 · Cited by 53
Syed, J. (2008) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2007.00356.x · Cited by 53
Construindo o diálogo entre competência, recursos e desempenho organizacional
Fernandes, B. H., Fleury, M. T. L., & Mills, J. (2006) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-75902006000400006 · Cited by 53
Organizational Behavior and the Study of Affect: Keep Your Eyes on the Organization
Brief, A. P. (2001) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2975 · Cited by 50
Chapter 10 Customer Emotions in Service Failure and Recovery Encounters
Mccoll-Kennedy, J., & Smith, A. K. (2006) · Research on emotion in organizations · doi:10.1016/s1746-9791(06)02010-4 · Cited by 53
The time-varying effects of rhetorical signals in crowdfunding campaigns
Moradi, M., Dass, M., Arnett, D. B., & Badrinarayanan, V. A. (2023) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-023-00943-5 · Cited by 54
“This reasoning is consistent with the emotional contagion perspective, which explains that a campaign's uplifting tone can emotionally influence viewers (e.g., Pugh, 2001).”
Huang, C.-H., & Lin, Y. (2020) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-04-2019-0245 · Cited by 52
Gamification of a recycle bin with emoticons
Berengueres, J., Alsuwairi, F., Zaki, N., & Ng, T. (2013) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1109/hri.2013.6483512 · Cited by 52
Eisenkraft, N., & Elfenbein, H. (2010) · Psychology Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610364117 · Cited by 52
“In particular, during interacti ns, people consciously and unconsciously reciprocate their partner's emotions (Barsade, 2002; Dimberg, Thunberg, & Elmehed, 2000; Hatfield, Cacioppo, & Rapson, 1994; Neumann & Strack, 2000; Pugh, 2001).”
“Service with a smile” and emotional contagion: A replication and extension study
Woo, K., & Chan, B. (2020) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2019.102850 · Cited by 52
Customer response toward employees’ emotional labor in service industry settings
Gong, T., Park, J., & Hyun, H. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101899 · Cited by 60
Torres, E. N., Wei, W., Hua, N., & Chen, P.-J. (2019) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.021 · Cited by 51
Mishra, S. K., Bhatnagar, D., D’Cruz, P., & Noronha, E. (2011) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2011.04.007 · Cited by 48
Stouten, J., & Cremer, D. D. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.659 · Cited by 47
Ramachandran, Y., Jordan, P. J., Troth, A. C., & Lawrence, S. A. (2011) · International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion · doi:10.1504/ijwoe.2011.044594 · Cited by 52
“Research that deals with emotional contagion suggests that exposure to a specific emotional climate will result in those being exposed adopting those emotions (Pugh, 2001).”
BackgroundEngaging in emotional labour when facing customer mistreatment in hospitality
Simillidou, A., Christofi, M., Glyptis, L., Παπαθεοδώρου, Α., & Vrontis, D. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.10.001 · Cited by 60
Service with style and smile. How and why employees are performing emotional labour
Cossette, M., & Hess, U. (2015) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2015.02.001 · Cited by 49
Investigating the immediate and long-term effects of job stressors on frontline service employees
Whiting, A., Donthu, N., & Baker, A. (2011) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.05.006 · Cited by 49
Duygusal Emek, Duygusal Tükenme ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisi
Yürür, Y. D. D. S., & Ünlü, A. (2011) · iş, güç/İktisadi yenilik dergisi · doi:10.4026/1303-2860.2011.0174.x · Cited by 49
Griffith, J. (2001) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02744.x · Cited by 49
The Effect of Tour Leaders’ Emotional Intelligence on Tourists’ Consequences
Tsaur, S.-H., & Ku, P.-S. (2019) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287517738381 · Cited by 49
Oplatka, I. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0564-2_4 · Cited by 49
Managerial responses to online reviews under budget constraints: Whom to target and how
Wang, L., Ren, X.-J., Wan, H., & Yan, J. (2020) · Information Manager (The) · doi:10.1016/j.im.2020.103382 · Cited by 48
Rathi, N., & Lee, K. (2016) · Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/15332845.2016.1147935 · Cited by 48
“Research indicates that emotions displayed by service providers during interactions with customers are critical to the quality of service offered (Bozionelos & Kiamou, 2008) and have significant implications for organizations (Grandey, Fisk, Mattilla, Jansen, & Sideman, 2005; Groth, Hennig-Thurau, & Walsh, 2009; Henni…”
BackgroundDoes employee performance affect customer loyalty in pharmacy services
Rabbanee, F. K., Burford, O., & Ramaseshan, B. (2015) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-06-2014-0126 · Cited by 48
Third Party Customers Infecting Other Customers for Better or for Worse
Tombs, A., & Mccoll-Kennedy, J. (2013) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20604 · Cited by 48
Service Robots and the Future of Services
Paluch, S., Wirtz, J., & Kunz, W. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-31563-4_21 · Cited by 53
Christoforou, P., & Ashforth, B. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036871 · Cited by 47
Physician's online image and patient's choice in the online health community
Ouyang, P., & Wang, J. (2022) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-04-2021-0251 · Cited by 55
The Social Effects of Emotions are Functionally Equivalent Across Expressive Modalities
Kleef, G. A. V. (2017) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2017.1338102 · Cited by 53
“Yet other research (often conducted in the fi eld) involved self-reports of emotions and/or perceptions or coding of emotional expressions as they arose in the context of ongoing social interactions (Anderson, Keltner, & John, 2003; Averill, 1982; Grandey, 2003; Pugh, 2001; Tsai, 2001).”
Examination of Factors Affecting Hotel Employees’ Service Orientation
Lee, J., & Ok, C. “. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348013491593 · Cited by 63
More Than Happy to Help? Customer-Focused Emotion Management Strategies
Little, L., Kluemper, D., Nelson, D. L., & Ward, A. J. (2013) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12010 · Cited by 46
“Research on emotional contagion has shown that CSR emotional expressions are an important predictor of customer emotions (Barger & Grandey, 2006; Pugh, 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialKlep, A. H. M., Wisse, B. M., & der Flier, H. V. (2010) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.775 · Cited by 49
“…best illustrated by studies that focus on group affect in terms of affective contagion (Barsade, 2002; Bono & Ilies, 2006; Neumann & Strack, 2000; Pugh, 2001; Sullins, 1991), affective convergence (Anderson, Keltner, & John, 2003), and affective linkage (Ilies, Wagner, & Morgeson, 2007;…”
BackgroundEmotional labour demands, wages and gender: A within-person, between-jobs study
Bhave, D. P., & Glomb, T. M. (2009) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317908x360684 · Cited by 46
“The suggestion that organizations capitalize on the emotional labour (EL) of their employees to gain customer satisfaction was put forth in the seminal work on EL by Hochschild (1983); subsequent work supported the organizational value of EL, particularly in service occupations (Grandey & Brauburger, 2002; Pugh, 2001).”
Leveraging online selling through social media influencers
Shuqair, S., Filieri, R., Viglia, G., Mattila, A. S., & Pinto, D. C. (2024) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114391 · Cited by 45
Danatzis, I., Karpen, I. O., & Kleinaltenkamp, M. (2021) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/10946705211032275 · Cited by 54
“Coupled with a heightened risk of emotional contagion and the potential ripple effect of emotions from customers to service employees and vice versa (Pugh 2001), both customers and employees may remain in an increased state of emotional arousal (Frijda 1993).”
BackgroundChampoux, J. E. (2020) · Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.31219/osf.io/9xytf · Cited by 45
“A negative interaction with one customer can spill over onto interactions with another customer (Pugh, 2001; Hareli & Rafaeli, 2007).”
Emotional intelligence in front-line/back-office employee relationships
Kearney, T., Walsh, G., Barnett, W., Gong, T., Schwabe, M., & Ifie, K. (2017) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-09-2016-0339 · Cited by 57
Knight, A., Menges, J. I., & Bruch, H. (2017) · doi:10.17863/cam.12156 · Cited by 45
“Positive affective experiences, especially activated ones like delight, enhance consumers’ perceptions of the quality of the interaction with the organization and contribute to customer loyalty (Pugh, 2001; Schneider & Bowen, 1999).”
BackgroundNot all smiles are created equal
Bujisic, M., Wu, L., Mattila, A. S., & Bilgihan, A. (2013) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-10-2012-0181 · Cited by 49
Emotional Labor, Well‐Being, and Performance
Holman, D. J., Martínez‐Íñigo, D., & Totterdell, P. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211913.003.0014 · Cited by 33
Everything in moderation: The social effects of anger depend on its perceived intensity
Adam, H., & Brett, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.11.014 · Cited by 44
Non-verbal communication in hospitality: At the intersection of religion and gender
Islam, M., & Kirillova, K. (2020) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102326 · Cited by 44
Trivedi, R. H., & Teichert, T. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.052 · Cited by 44
Employee display of burnout in the service encounter and its impact on customer satisfaction
Söderlund, M. (2017) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.10.014 · Cited by 44
Emotional Convergence in Service Relationships
Zablah, A. R., Sirianni, N. J., Korschun, D., Gremler, D. D., & Beatty, S. E. (2016) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670516675405 · Cited by 59
Effects of job stress on self-esteem, job satisfaction, and turnover intention
Yang, H., Ju, Y.-H., & Lee, Y.-C. (2016) · Journal of Transnational Management · doi:10.1080/15475778.2016.1120613 · Cited by 44
“As a result, the emotional expression of employees is being strictly controlled (Ashforth & Humphrey, 1995; Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987), and it is judged that positive emotional expressions contribute greatly to service goal achievement of companies, according to a number of studies (Barger & Grandey, 2006; Brown & Sulzer…”
BackgroundA Dyadic Model of Customer Orientation: Mediation and Moderation Effects
Brach, S., Walsh, G., Hennig‐Thurau, T., & Groth, M. (2013) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12049 · Cited by 43
“Moreover, ECO positively influences COPC, consistent with the notion of emotional contagion, such that emotions travel or flow from person to person (Barsade, 2002), and a recipient can ‘catch’ the emotions expressed by the sender (Pugh, 2001).”
Maneotis, S. M., Grandey, A., & Krauss, A. D. (2014) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959285.2013.854366 · Cited by 44
“As Hochschild (1983) pointed out, “The emotional style of offering the service is part of the service itself” (p. 5), and smiling service providers are rated higher in interpersonal performance (Mattila & Enz, 2002; Pugh, 2001; Tsai, 2001).”
BackgroundThe impact of mood on customer behavior: Staff mood and environmental factors
Furnham, A., & Milner, R. (2013) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.06.001 · Cited by 44
“Expressing desired emotions during a service transaction has been found to enhance the positive mood of customers, as well as increasing their satisfaction with the service received (Brown and Sulzer-Azaroff, 1994; Pugh, 2001).”
BackgroundExpressing and Amplifying Positive Emotions Facilitate Goal Attainment in Workplace Interactions
Wong, E., Tschan, F., Messerli, L., & Semmer, N. K. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00188 · Cited by 41
“Expressing positive emotions is associated with more task effectiveness (Rafaeli and Sutton, 1989; Ashforth and Humphrey, 1993), higher customer satisfaction (Pugh, 2001), higher perceived service friendliness, higher chances of customers to return to a store (Tsai, 2001), and better financial outcomes such as higher…”
BackgroundBarasch, A., Levine, E. E., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2016) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.05.006 · Cited by 43
Distilling the concept of authenticity
Sedikides, C., & Schlegel, R. J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00323-y · Cited by 55
Rohrmann, S., Bechtoldt, M., Hopp, H., Hodapp, V., & Zapf, D. (2011) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2010.530262 · Cited by 43
“Perceived professional competence was expected to be higher in the smile condition, since friendly treatment of customers is related to higher customer ratings’ of service quality (Pugh, 2001; Tsai, 2001).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Pugh, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pugh, S. D.
- ORCID
- Pugh, S. D.
- Venue
- Academy of Management Journal
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2001-10-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1018-1027
- ISSN
- 0001-4273 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-0989
- OpenAlex
- W2036862235
- Cited by
- 1,393
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 81.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Emotional Labor in Professions
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › AI in Service Interactions
- Keywords
- emotional contagion, service encounters, customer service, service employees, consumer emotions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review