Cited by 22,935Visual perception and processing mechanismsEmbodied and Extended CognitionPhilosophy and Theoretical Science

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The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception

Bornstein, Marc H., Gibson, James J.·1980·The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism

DOI 10.2307/429816

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Abstract

Contents: Preface. Introduction. Part I: The Environment To Be Perceived.The Animal And The Environment. Medium, Substances, Surfaces. The Meaningful Environment. Part II: The Information For Visual Perception.The Relationship Between Stimulation And Stimulus Information. The Ambient Optic Array. Events And The Information For Perceiving Events. The Optical Information For Self-Perception. The Theory Of Affordances. Part III: Visual Perception.Experimental Evidence For Direct Perception: Persisting Layout. Experiments On The Perception Of Motion In The World And Movement Of The Self. The Discovery Of The Occluding Edge And Its Implications For Perception. Looking With The Head And Eyes. Locomotion And Manipulation. The Theory Of Information Pickup And Its Consequences. Part IV: Depiction.Pictures And Visual Awareness. Motion Pictures And Visual Awareness. Conclusion. Appendixes: The Principal Terms Used in Ecological Optics. The Concept of Invariants in Ecological Optics.

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Authors: Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J.
Affiliations: Princeton University (US)
ORCID: Bornstein, Marc H.
Venue: The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
Publisher: JSTOR
Published: 1980
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Pages: 203
ISSN: 0021-8529 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/429816
OpenAlex: W1933657216
Cited by: 22,935
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 570 · 2024: 584 · 2023: 565 · 2022: 543 · 2021: 1056 · 2020: 1101 · 2019: 1051 · 2018: 958 · 2017: 888 · 2016: 909 · 2015: 1013 · 2014: 1033 · 2013: 978 · 2012: 900
FWCI: 101.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Keywords: ecological optics, visual perception, direct perception, affordances, self-perception, motion perception, locomotion, depiction, visual awareness, invariants, animal-environment relationship

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The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception

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